@article{ 
author = {ghandehari, m and pourhashemi, seyed jalal and baghayi, f and ghadimi, sar},  
title = {Evaluation of effectiveness of educational pamphlet on mother’s awareness about first dental visit in 3-7 year-old children}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Dental fear and anxiety is a common problem in pediatric dentistry. In many cases parents transmit their anxiety to the children who referred to dentistry for the first time and make them disturbed and more anxious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pamphlet on mother’s awareness about first dental visit in 3-7 year-old children. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 mothers who have 3-7 year old child undergoing dental treatment for the first time. The participants were divided into two interventional and control group randomly. Mother`s knowledge about first dental visit, before and after receiving the pamphlet was evaluated by a questionnaire. Results: There was significant difference in mother`s awareness before and after receiving the pamphlet in interventional group (p-value <0.05) however in control group there was not any significant difference in mother`s awareness (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Due to effectiveness of the pamphlet, it could be a practical way in enhancing of mother`s awareness about first dental visit.},  
Keywords = {first dental visit, mother`s education,children},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {7-16}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.7},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-49-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {salem, katayon and kamranzadeh, shaghayegh and shaeghi, shahnaz},  
title = {‌‌‌‌A comparative study of a commercial syrup and oral administration of injectable midazolam in pediatric dental sedation}, 
abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of "midazolam syrup" versus "orally administered IV midazolam (PO midazolam)" among uncooperative dental patients. Second outcome was to assess the prevalence as well as the impact of General anxiety and Dental fear on sedation success. Method: Eighty eight uncooperative dental patients ( Frankl Scales 1,2) aged 3 to 6 years, and ASA I were participated in this double blind, parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. Physiologic parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure were recorded. Behavior assessment was conducted throughout the course of treatment by Houpt Scale and at critical moments of treatment (injection and cavity preparation) by North Carolina Scale. General anxiety, dental fear and personality characteristics were evaluated by the means of Child Dental Fear (CFSS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Conners’ questionnaires. Independent T-test and Chi-Square, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Findings: Acceptable behavior was observed in 90.9% of syrup groups and 86.4% of PO group revealed acceptable behavior by Houpt scale (P=0.51). The ratings of sleep, crying and movement domains were not significantly different between groups. Physiological parameters remained in normal range without any significant difference between groups and no adverse effect was observed. No significant relationship was found between behavior after receiving midazolam sedation and personality aspects including: dental fear, general anxiety, and gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: PO midazolam formulation can be used as an acceptable alternative for midazolam syrup.},  
Keywords = {Sedation, Pediatric dentistry, Oral midazolam, Behavior and personality},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {17-28}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.17},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-50-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {nakhjavani, y and jafari, a and arabkhani, h},  
title = {Prevalence of Permanent Dental Anomalies among Patient}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Developmental dental anomalies (DDA) are common problem among children which affect on arch length, dental aligning, and occlusion. These developmental abnormalities reason to dental, jaw and aesthetic disorders. They also provide some difficulties in orthodontic treatment. Dental visit and clinical observation are not sufficient to diagnose the DDA and needs to have radiographs as a major diagnostic factor in an on time diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate of prevalence of DDA in permanent dentition based on panoramic radiographs in both gender. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional and descriptive-analytic study. Patients’ documents that were under orthodontic treatment in the School of Dentistry, Tehran university of Medical Sciences in one educational year were gathered. Of 409 documents, 331 complete documents were selected for the study. Data was transferred to check list and then to SPSS software. Data was analyzed by Kruskal wallis and chi-square with the level of significance less than 0.05. Results: Data analyzing showed that 2% of boys and 1.3% of girls had DDA. The difference between gender was nit significant. Congenital missing and impaction were the most DDA in girls and boys respectively wile transposition and fusion were not observed. Conclusion: Developmental dental anomalies have no significant differences between two genders. They are more prevalent in orthodontic patients and depend on race and geographic places.},  
Keywords = {Developmental dental anomalies, orthodontic problem, congenital dental disorders, disorders of teeth},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {29-36}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.29},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-51-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {hajnorouzi, maryam and shahtousi, mina and etemadi, ahm},  
title = {Decay rates and retention of fissure sealant of first permanent molar at 6-9 year\'s old children in Isfahan}, 
abstract ={Background and Aims: The prevalence of occlusal caries in children is a significant dental health problem. The increased proportion of caries experience attributed to pit and fissure caries is most likely due to the decreasing prevalence of caries with inter proximal surfaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of fissure sealant material in the reduction of decay in first permanent molars and consideration of retention rate in different periods. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 30 children aged 6-9 that have two intact first molar selected. One tooth has chosen as a control tooth and the other teeth selected for fissure sealant. After 6 and 12 months the sealant retention and caries rate evaluated. The sealant material used for this study was Deguseal. Moisture control during placement was obtaining using ruberdam. Results: After 6 months %20 of control teeth was decayed only 3/3% of sealant teeth decayed. After 12 months 26/6% control teeth was decayed but only 6/6% control teeth was decayed (p value<0.001). After months 93/3% completely retained fissure sealant 6/7% partially retained and after 12 months 90% completely retained and 10% partially retained (p value<0.001). Conclusion: Fissure sealants, placed by appropriately trained dental personnel, are safe, effective, and underused in preventing pit and fissure caries on at-risk surfaces-Effectiveness is increased with good technique and appropriate fallow up and resealing as necessary.},  
Keywords = {Decay, fissure sealant, retention, first permanent molar},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {37-42}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.37},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-52-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {torabi, molouk and moshrefian, shahram and molayi, davoud and karimiafshar, sanali and shojayipour, raziyeh},  
title = {Frequency of snack consumption in preschool children}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Healthy nutrition plays a pivotal role in prevention of such oral diseases as dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental defects of teeth, and oral mucosal lesions. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of snacks consumption in Kerman preschool children. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 320 preschool children. Data were collected by a questionnaire requesting information on demographic data and by a check list of kinds of snacks in preschool center and home. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, and t-student and Chi-square tests served for statistical analyses. P value were considered at 0.05%. Results: About 59% of the participants were boys 3.1% of mothers and 4.1% of fathers were illiterate and 21.3% of parents had 1 child and 0.0 3% had 6 children. The mean frequency of snack consumption was 15.32±14.93 during a week. There was significant difference between snack consumption in home and preschool center. There was no significant correlation between snack consumption and parents education , occupation and number of children. There was also significant difference between frequency of snack consumption and sex. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that consumption of snacks in preschool children in Kerman is high, and are influenced by site and sex.},  
Keywords = {Kerman- preschool- Snacks -frequency},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {43-50}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.43},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-53-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ranjpour, m and houshmand, t and mirzabeigi, sh},  
title = {The effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resin using Single bond in total etch technique}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Tooth colored restorations are so common nowadays due to increased esthetic needs. A successful composite restoration demands a strong bonding with lowest microleakage. Close relation between tooth surface and the other adherents is an important factor in bond strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resins using Single bond in total etch technique. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups. Enamel surface of the teeth were polished using a disk in midbuccal portion. The roots were dissected from 2mm below CEJ and midbuccal portion of the teeth were etched. In one group after rinsing the etchant, tooth surface was dried completely (group I). In the other group the surface moisture was removed using cotton pellet (group II). Single Bond (3M) was applied on desired surfaces and cured. Composite resin was layered over the tooth surface to 4mm height. The teeth were then mounted in the way that they can be placed in the holding device from lingual side. After that the teeth were placed in UTM device under tensile stress with the rate of 0.5 mm/min. the failure surface was examined to detect type and location of the failure. The data were analyzed using T-Test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: Data showed that although mean bond strength in group I was higher but the difference was not statistically significant. Type of failure in two groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusion: Considering that there is no significant difference between the two groups and a little moisture is needed for creation of hybrid layer and bonding to dentine, leaving a bit moisture on enamel equal to that of dentine does not interfere with bonding to enamel and produce a good bond strength.},  
Keywords = {bond strength, enamel moisture, composite resin, total etch technique},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {51-58}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.51},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-55-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {afshar, h and ghandehari, m and amiri, s and mirzayi, z and pourali, m and najafi, m},  
title = {The effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resin using Single bond in total etch technique}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Tooth colored restorations are so common nowadays due to increased esthetic needs. A successful composite restoration demands a strong bonding with lowest microleakage. Close relation between tooth surface and the other adherents is an important factor in bond strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resins using Single bond in total etch technique. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups. Enamel surface of the teeth were polished using a disk in midbuccal portion. The roots were dissected from 2mm below CEJ and midbuccal portion of the teeth were etched. In one group after rinsing the etchant, tooth surface was dried completely (group I). In the other group the surface moisture was removed using cotton pellet (group II). Single Bond (3M) was applied on desired surfaces and cured. Composite resin was layered over the tooth surface to 4mm height. The teeth were then mounted in the way that they can be placed in the holding device from lingual side. After that the teeth were placed in UTM device under tensile stress with the rate of 0.5 mm/min. the failure surface was examined to detect type and location of the failure. The data were analyzed using T-Test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: Data showed that although mean bond strength in group I was higher but the difference was not statistically significant. Type of failure in two groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusion: Considering that there is no significant difference between the two groups and a little moisture is needed for creation of hybrid layer and bonding to dentine, leaving a bit moisture on enamel equal to that of dentine does not interfere with bonding to enamel and produce a good bond strength.},  
Keywords = {bond strength, enamel moisture, composite resin, total etch technique},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {59-68}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.59},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-56-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {razeghi, s and mohebi, s and mahmoudi, m},  
title = {Mothers’ knowledge and self-reported practice on management of traumatic dental injuries in 8-years-old children and it determinants}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Facial trauma may have significant negative impacts on physiologic function, esthetics, and psychological status in children. Appropriate on-time management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) would prevent progress of future consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate mothers’ knowledge and self-reported practice on management TDIs in 8-years-old children and its determinants. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 284 second-grade pupils were selected from six randomly selected governmental primary schools (3 girls’ school) in Region 11 of Tehran Municipality. A standard anonymous questionnaire was distributed among selected pupils to be filled by their mothers. The questionnaire requested information on demographic characteristics, previous experience of dental trauma, mothers’ knowledge on management of TDIs, and mothers’ self-reported reaction to four designed cases of TDIs. After one week all filled questionnaires were returned and data was analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and Regression Tests. Results: Totally, 201 questionnaires were returned (81 girls, 120 boys, response rate=71%). Knowledge mean score was 2.8±1.7 (from total score of 9) and self-reported practice mean score was 4.1±1.2 (from total score of 7). Higher knowledge score was significantly associated with higher paternal age and owning personal house. Higher self-reported practice score was associated with higher levels of mothers’ level of education and owning personal house. Conclusion: There is a room to enhance knowledge and promote practice in management of TDIs among parents specially mothers. For this purpose, educational programs should be conducted for parents especially in school settings.},  
Keywords = {Traumatic Dental Injuries, knowledge, practice, mother, children},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {69-76}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.69},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-57-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {nazemi, b and rezazadeh, f and beizieh,},  
title = {}, 
abstract ={},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {77-86}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.77},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-58-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {mokhtari, saeedeh and mokhtari, sepideh and seraj, b and sanati, i},  
title = {Salivary Gland Tumors in Children}, 
abstract ={Background: Salivary gland tumors are rare and less than 10% of head and neck tumors in children. Understanding these tumors is essential. The purpose of this study was to review the most common salivary gland tumors in children. Methods: Using words: tumor, salivary glands and children as keywords, a search was done in Pubmed and Medline and Google sources. Thirty seven articles were selected and studied. Results: Salivary gland tumors are divided into two groups: Benign and malignant. The most common malignant tumors in children are mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common one and is about 50% of all malignant salivary gland tumors in children. Some benign salivary gland tumors in children and adolescents are poleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Wartin tumor, cyst adenoma. Conclusion: Common problem in the control and treatment of salivary glands’ swelling in children is differentiation of inflammatory lesions of the neoplasm. As infection and inflammation in the salivary glands is more common in children than adults, differentiating it from neoplasm in children seems to be essential.},  
Keywords = {Tumor, Salivary gland, Children},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {87-94}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.87},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-59-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {majzoubi, s and aref, p and azarshab, m and sadra, i},  
title = {}, 
abstract ={},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {95-100}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.95},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-60-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {kameli, s and rahimianemam,  and tavasolihojati, s and asgari, s},  
title = {Management of inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar teeth by using calcium enriched mixture cement: A case report}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Inflammatory root resorption is one of the major complete in primary teeth that lead to root perforation . the aim of this report, Management of inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar teeth by using calcium enriched mixture cement. Case report: In This study was done on primary molar tooth of two children that was referred to pedodontic department of shahed university. In this cases radiographic examination showed progressive inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar. Both teeth were irrigated with 2.5% NaoCl and Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM) packed in perforation then restored with S.S.C. the clinical and radiographic examination at 2 and 6 month follow up showed that resorptive lacuna were filled with newly formed bone and root make in internal resorption or was controlled. Conclusion: Considering the biologic properties of CEM cement using this novel cement for management of internal resorption is applicable choice.},  
Keywords = {CEM, internal resorption, pulpotomy},
volume = {10},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {101-106}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.1.101},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-61-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2014}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mostafayi, M.R and Hoseinzadeh, K and Hamisi, J and Hoseinabadi, M.J},  
title = {Evaluation of DMFT index among patients with thalassemia}, 
abstract ={Background and Objectives: Thalassemia major is one of the most prevalence congenital diseases in the world. This disease is wide spread in Iran and created some problems for health-care system. The aim of this study was to determine of situation oral health among thalassemic patients of Qazvin city in 2013. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive - analytic study, thalassemic patients were selected with census method (n=60). Data were collected with examination, and interview. Questionnaire was include demographic, clinical and paraclinical information. Patients were examined and followed up by a dentist. DMFT index was determined on the basis of the examinations. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was conducted. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistic tests with SPSS, version 16. Results:  The majority of patients were female (%61.2) and had a history of blood transfusion (%67.3). The most of patients (%83.7) had no history of dental visit and most of them (%77.6) had no tooth brushing. The majority of patients had varying degrees of tooth decay. DMFT index was %57. The frequency of brushing and age had significantly effects on tooth decay (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thalassemic patients have more problems in comparison other people. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have increased their survival. . Thus health indicators include oral and dental hygiene should improve in these patients specially.},  
Keywords = {:  Thalassemic Major, Children, Oral Hygiene. DMFT Index},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {7-16}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.7},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-74-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pakdaman, F and Davodi, I and Mehrabizadhonarmand, M},  
title = {The effect of narrative therapy on anxiety, pain and anger dentists in dental care for children 8-4 years under the city of Neka and Sari}, 
abstract ={Background and Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of storytelling on anxiety, pain and anger of dentistry among 4-8 years old children. Materials and Methods: The children referred to dentist, daycare center, creativity center and play center of Neka and Sari were included in the study. Thirty-nine children, who referred to the researcher, were selected via convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (experimental, placebo and control group). They completed Venham picture test, Wong-baker faces pain scale and Children's Inventory of Anger. The experimental group received 8 session of group therapy. The control groups received no intervention, but placebo group received 8 sessions of vulgar storytelling. The data analyzed by SPSS-16 and significant level was chosen less than 0.05. Results:  The results of MANCOVA and bonferroni post- test and follow-up showed that there were significant reductions on the frequency of dental anxiety, pain and anger in the experimental group compared with, placebo and control groups.  Conclusion: The findings suggest that storytelling can be used as a well-established psychotherapy for children to reduce symptoms of dental anxiety, pain and anger.},  
Keywords = {Storytelling, Anxiety, Pain, Dental visit },
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {17-34}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.17},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-75-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari, A and Heidari, A and Kiyani, M and BaradaranNakhjavani, Y},  
title = {Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine and two different concentrations of thyme essence in pulp therapy of deciduous teeth.}, 
abstract ={Background and Aims: Dental caries in deciduous teeth could progressively involve the pulp. What matters in pulpectomy is wiping out microorganisms and their products. The aim of this study is to compare antimicrobial effect of thymus vulgaris essential oil with that of chlorhexidine.  Materials and Methods: Forty teeth with clinical analysis of not more resorption than one third of the root went under pulpectomy and were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Teeth were devided into four groups and the canals were washed with normal saline, chlorhexidine %0.2, thymus vulgaris essential oil %2, and thymus vulgaris essential oil %5. Eventually the microbial culturing was done, and antimicrobial effect of the aforementioned disinfectants was investigated. Also, four teeth were considered as the control group. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis, while Mann-Whitney U-test was utilized to compare the two samples means. The level of significance was less than 0.05. Results: Results illustrated that thymus vulgaris essential oil %2 had the most antimicrobial effect, whereas thymus vulgaris essential oil %5 was proved a more effective disinfectant in comparison with chlorhexidine %0.2, although this difference was not significant. Nevertheless, thymus vulgaris essential oil %2 was significantly more effective than chlorhexidine %0.2.  Conclusion: Annihilating the bacteria is the major cause of performing pulpectomy, and many chemical irrigants are put to use to achieve this goal. Meanwhile, the urge to substitute medicinal plants for chemical irrigants is expanding, and thymus vulgaris essential oil %2 can replace the conventional disinfectants in dentistry.},  
Keywords = {canal irrigants, primary teeth, pulp therapy, thyme, chlorhexidine},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {35-44}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.35},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-76-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sahrayi, P and KeshavarzMohammadi, N and Ghasemi, H},  
title = {Perceived barriers of mothers in brushing the teeth of their 3-6 years old children, a qualitative study}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Brushing teeth at least twice a day is the most important factor in reducing the risk of dental decay. However, there are barriers in conducting this behavior. Perceived barriers are most important dimensions in anticipating protective behavior for health. Identifying barriers of oral health can help researchers in designing better and more effective intervention t promote this behavior. Aim of study reported here was identifying perceived barriers of mothers in brushing teeth of their 3- 6 years old children.  Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Kamyaran in 2014. Purposeful sampling with highest diversity was conducted. 40 mothers of 3-6 years old children were interviews using deep semi structure interview technique. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis method.  Results: Barriers were categorized in two main groups including “perceived barriers related to mother and family members “and “barriers related to child”. Most important barrier was the attitudinal factors of mothers.  Discussion and Conclusion: Identifying barriers for practicing healthy behaviors and planning to tackle these barriers are important prerequisite of changing behavior and success of health education programs. Findings of this study emphasize on the role of attitude of mothers and family members on oral health of children. Hence, it can contribute to better oral health promotion for children of 3-6 years old. },  
Keywords = {Perceived barriers, Children, Tooth Brush},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {45-62}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.45},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-77-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zajkani, E and Gholami, N and Badakhsh, S and Faghihzadeh, S},  
title = {Perceived barriers of mothers in brushing the teeth of their 3-6 years old children, a qualitative study}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Brushing teeth at least twice a day is the most important factor in reducing the risk of dental decay. However, there are barriers in conducting this behavior. Perceived barriers are most important dimensions in anticipating protective behavior for health. Identifying barriers of oral health can help researchers in designing better and more effective intervention t promote this behavior. Aim of study reported here was identifying perceived barriers of mothers in brushing teeth of their 3- 6 years old children.  Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Kamyaran in 2014. Purposeful sampling with highest diversity was conducted. 40 mothers of 3-6 years old children were interviews using deep semi structure interview technique. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis method.  Results: Barriers were categorized in two main groups including “perceived barriers related to mother and family members “and “barriers related to child”. Most important barrier was the attitudinal factors of mothers.  Discussion and Conclusion: Identifying barriers for practicing healthy behaviors and planning to tackle these barriers are important prerequisite of changing behavior and success of health education programs. Findings of this study emphasize on the role of attitude of mothers and family members on oral health of children. Hence, it can contribute to better oral health promotion for children of 3-6 years old. },  
Keywords = {Perceived barriers, Children, Tooth Brush},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {73-80}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.73},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-78-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sodagar, A and Jafari, A and Sedighpour, L and GhahremaniGol, H},  
title = {Assessment of the clinical skills of dental students in the dept. of pediatric dentistry}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dental schools try to train skilled and competent dentist to promote oral health services. This study assesses the clinical skills of pediatric dentistry among dental students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study by census sampling evaluates all of the 55 senior dental students. The data were obtained by a valid and reliable questionnaire. The students’ judgments about their level of dental practical skills were assessed using a 5-scaled lickert device and scoring from 1 to 5 respectively from very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The data were reported by mean of descriptive statistical method for each educational department. The effect of related factors like gender, age, and scantling to enter the dental school, was analyzed by a mean of regression coefficient. Results: All senior students participated in the study (response rate was 100%). Eight items of practical skills out of seventeen were assessed as high or very high by more than 60% of students. Management of traumatized teeth was presented by more than 70% as low or very low.  Conclusion: Regarding the results, the studied dental students showed an acceptable level of dental practical skills, however; curriculum was not successfully achieved its own ideal objectives, then, some modifications are necessary to be performed considering the skills with the lowest scores.},  
Keywords = {Pediatric patients, Children, Dental care, Access to care, Dental education},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {81-88}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.81},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-79-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ZahraMohebi, S and Razeghi, S and Soleimannejad, H},  
title = {Oral health awareness and information sources in mothers of preschoolers in a non-affluent area}, 
abstract ={Title: Oral health awareness and information sources in mothers of preschoolers in a non-affluent area in Tehran. Background and Aim: Dental caries of the under 6-year-olds may involve them with mental, physical and social problems. We aimed to study oral health awareness and information sources in mothers of preschoolers in a non-affluent area in Tehran. Materials and Methods: Participants were composed of 100 mothers referring to 6 urban health houses of the region 11 in Tehran. Mothers filled a questionnaire on demographics, knowledge (7 questions) and sources of information (7 sources) regarding children’s oral health. Linear regression served for statistical analysis. Results: The mean for mothers’ awareness score was 5.1 out of 7. The lowest number of mothers’ correctly answering was for “bacterial transition from mother to child” and highest was for the “role of fluoride toothpaste”. Their most common sources were TV and dentist, respectively. Mothers’ knowledge was higher in those with higher educational level and those whose children were second or third child in the family. Conclusion: The results revealed that despite using diverse information sources, mothers’ awareness was low. Involving them in oral health promotion programs may improve children’s oral health in non-affluent areas.},  
Keywords = {Mothers, Preschool, Oral health, Knowledge},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {89-94}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.89},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-80-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}

@article{ 
author = {JahaniMoghadam, F},  
title = {Pulp Therapy for Primary and Immature Permanent Teeth in Children: Review of Literature}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Maintaining the integrity of the dental arch in the primary and mixed dentition is important for establishing occlusion and function in the permanent dentition. The primary reasons for premature loss of teeth in children are either dental caries or trauma. Proximity of caries or trauma to pulp tissue may lead to pulpitis or even pulp necrosis.. This review article presents the pulp therapy techniques commonly used in pediatric dentistry, their indications and the common therapeutic agents. Method &Material: A search through PubMed, Google, Scopus and Medline during 1984-2013, a total of 42 original research papers with key words such as pulp therapy, primary teeth, and immature permanent teeth and pediatric was performed. Furthermore, references books were used. Results &Conclusion: It is a treatment objective to maintain the vitality of the pulp of a tooth affected by caries, traumatic injury, or other causes. Whenever possible, dental treatment should attempt to maintain pulp vitality, particularly in immature permanent teeth. Pulp vitality leads to development of a favorable crown-root ratio, apical closure and formation of secondary dentin.},  
Keywords = {pulp therapy, primary teeth, immature permanent teeth, pediatric},
volume = {10},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {96-106}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.10.2.96},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-82-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2015}  
}