@article{ 
author = {Karimiafshar, m and Torabi, m and Haghani, j and Poureslami, h and Taheri, a and Salari, m},  
title = {Assessment of parents’ oral health behavior on SiC and plaque indices}, 
abstract ={Background and purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Parents have an important role in the control of caries in their children .The aim of present study was to assess of parents oral health behavior on Sic and plaque indices of their 7 years old children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 girls, first grade students in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected by questionnaire consist of demographic data and oral health behavior and clinical examination according to by WHO criteria and plaque index. T-test and regression were used to analyze data .P value at 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 89.5% of parents were mothers (179 people). The mean age of parents was 34.00 ± 6.33. 63% of fathers and 52.5% of mothers had university education. The mean of Sic and dmft indices were 6.29 ± 3.25 and 5.25 ± 3.27 respectively. The mean of plaque index in the one third of the population with highest dmft was 94.5313 ± 10.10731 and 90.8862 ± 12.54252 for the other two third. There was a significant difference between two groups (p=0.003). The mean score in oral health behavior with highest dmft was 6.87 ± 1.742 and 7.14 ±1.846. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups. There was a significant correlation between mothers’ job and parents’ age with the oral health behavior of the children (p=0.008, p=0.050). There was a significant correlation between fathers’ job with their oral health behavior (p=0.020). Conclusion: According to the study, the low level of education of parents, especially the mother and the habitat in the village, affect the oral health of children. Due to the young population of the country, planning for the prevention and treatment of children's oral teeth is essential},  
Keywords = {Children, oral health status, education, employment.},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.1},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-164-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kaviani, N and Ahmadi, N and Mohebinia, H},  
title = {Compare blood glucose changes in intravenous anesthesia by Propofol and inhalation anesthesia by Isoflurane in children between 4-6 years old that candidate for dentistry treatment under general anesthesia}, 
abstract ={Background and aims: in General anesthesia many group of drugs can be used. Propofol have high metabolic effect. The purpose of this study was to compare blood glucose change during anesthesia by Propofol and Isoflurane in healthy child candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia. Methods: In this prospective Randomized clinical trial study, blood glucose change was survey in 27 healthy children that candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia was done in one group by Propofol and other group by thiopental and Isoflurane. Blood glucose was measure by glucometer before anesthesia, after induction, after operation and before discharge and analysis by T.test, Mann-Whitney test, regression analyses, variance analyse and Tukey in SPSS. Results: No significant difference was seen in two groups before anesthesia. After induction, blood glucose was increase in two groups but had not significant difference (p=0.11). After finishing the operation blood glucose in propofol group (148.64 mg/dl) was significantly higher than Isoflurane (124.58 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Blood glucose after recovery in two group was decrease but no significant difference was seen between two groups (p=0.651). Conclusion: General anesthesia with Isoflurane and Propofol can increase blood glucose but in Propofol group increase blood glucose was higher than Isoflurane. So recommend in children that increase blood glucose was dangerous, Propofol was contraindicated},  
Keywords = {General anesthesia, blood glucose, propofol, isoflurane, pediatric dentistry.},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {11-20}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.11},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-165-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Fazel, m and Afshari, e},  
title = {Evaluation of knowledge of dental developmental stage of 4-9 years old children among parents}, 
abstract ={Background and purpose: Parental knowledge about child’s dental developmental stage affects their performance greatly in providing domestic hygienic care, professional preventive care and meeting child’s needs for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate of knowledge of dental developmental stage of 4-9 years old children among parents in Mashhad, Iran. Method: Two hundred eighteen parents (with one child) participated in this cross sectional study, filling questionnaires and answering clinical questions about their child’s dental developmental stage. The results were analyzed using SPSS software, using spearman and Pearson correlation, means and percentiles. Results: Around 80% of parents correctly named the dental system type of their children. Considering the question about the need for a primary tooth exfoliation before eruption of each permanent tooth, only 45% of parents gave the right answer. Variance analysis declared that there was significant relationship between knowing about type of dental system and child’s age (p= 0.02). There was also significant relationship between parental knowledge about the need for a primary tooth exfoliation before eruption of each permanent tooth and family income (p= 0.022). Parents could not correctly recognize the type of tooth (primary or permanent) for 11.01% of teeth. The most miss recognized teeth was related to lower first permanent molar (37.5 %). There was significant relationship and positive correlation between child’s age and miss recognizing the tooth type by parents (P= 0.06). There was also a significant relationship between parental academic education and miss recognizing the tooth type by parents (P= 0.042). Conclusions: A significant percentage of parents had inadequate knowledge about type of dental system and type of each tooth (primary or permanent). More effort should be put on educating parents by dentists and authorities.},  
Keywords = {Dental system, primary teeth, permanent teeth.},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {21-32}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.21},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-166-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafarzadeh, m and Ghafourifard, r and Tahririyan, d and Ghafourifard,},  
title = {Evaluation of the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians about the early childhood caries}, 
abstract ={Background and aims: Since pediatricians are the first group of medical staff who has contact with children and parents, they can play a significant role with early detection of caries lesions and referring the patient to a dentist or pediatric dental specialists to prevent the future possible complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians at Yazd city about the early-onset tooth decay in the children in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study 53 pediatricians who worked at Yazd in 2016 were included. Data were collected by valid and reliable questionnaires. The questionnaires were included two parts: demographic Information and the knowledge questions. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test while α=0.05. Results: Of 53 pediatricians (mean age 34.6 ± 9.49), 36 ones (67.9%) were male and 17(32.1%) were female. The mean value of pediatricians’ knowledge in this regard was recorded as 19.71±3.39. The mean value of pediatricians’ knowledge was no statistically significant according to the demographic factor like age (P-value=0.479), the gender (P-value=0.560), and the previous professional experience (P-value=0.749(. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study pediatricians’ knowledge about the early-onset tooth decay in the children at Yazd should be inceased.},  
Keywords = {Early Childhood, caries Pediatrician, knowledge},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {33-44}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.33},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-167-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari, a and Pourjavad, f and Montazeri, r},  
title = {Evaluation of general practitioners\' treatment choices of deep occlusal caries without pulpal involvement in young permanent teeth}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The first permanent molar is easily decayed, especially at early years of eruption. Some factors such as avoid of treatment by very young patients, their low age, the lack of clear guideline, and the uncertainty of the outcome of the treatment undermine the dentists to choose a decisive treatment plan. The purpose of this study was identification of selected treatment plans by Tehran general dentists for the treatment of deep caries in young permanent teeth. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was performed on 401 general dentists. A specific questionnaire was designed to assess the performance of general dentists when dealing with a young patient with deep occlusal caries of young permanent teeth. This questionnaire sent to dentists by social network. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multinominal regression analysis. Dentists' responses were compared with approved therapies based on the references and the various articles to measure their compliance with these guide lines. Results: Around 50% of dentists in the event of pulp exposure during treatment, selected the root canal therapy, and in the absence of exposure, 80% of dentists chose indirect pulp therapy. Conclusion: Most of the treatments that were discussed by dentists as patient treatment were not consistent with the design of approved therapies by valid references, which emphasizes the need for a clinical guide to be compiled.},  
Keywords = { Function, deep caries, young permanent teeth, general dentists, open apex, apexogenesis, direct pulp capping, clinical guidelines.


},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {45-56}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.45},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-168-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohebi, s and Sargeran, k and Razeghi, k and Khorasanizadeh, sh and Bahramian, h},  
title = {Knowledge and practice related to oral health in pregnant women referring to health centers}, 
abstract ={Background and purpose: Pregnant women have increased risk for oral and dental diseases due to their ‎physiological and behavioral changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and ‎performance of pregnant women referred to non-affluent health centers in Tehran about oral and ‎dental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attended to ‎‎10 health centers in Tehran. A questionnaire was distributed among the participants in which ‎questions were categorized into three categories of demographic information, mothers' ‎performance and their knowledge. Finally, the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software (version 24) using descriptive, correlation and regression tests. Results: Totally, 166 pregnant women participated in the study. The average ‎score of people was 3.32 out of nine. The results of regression analysis showed ‎that there was a relatively significant relationship between the general knowledge of pregnant ‎women about oral health and the level of education (P = 0.065) but there was no correlation ‎between general oral health knowledge and ethnicity, husband education, income and resident ‎status (p>0.1). While oral health knowledge of pregnant women during pregnancy with education ‎‎(p=0.07), resident status (p=0.042) and the number of mother roommates (p=0.069) had relatively significant correlation. General Oral health behavior had significant statistical correlation with ‎education (p=0.03), but there was no correlation with other variables (p>0.1). Oral health behavior ‎during pregnancy was not significantly correlated with any of the variables (P> 0.1). Conclusion: The ‎results of this study showed that the study population had no acceptable knowledge about oral and ‎dental health care and it is necessary to train pregnant women on practical skills of oral health care ‎and they will be aware of the importance of maintaining oral health during this period and the ‎potential adverse effects of periodontal diseases.‎},  
Keywords = {Oral Health, pregnant women, knowledge, practice.},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {57-72}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.57},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-169-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-169-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yazdani, r and Sasanfar, d and Hessari, h},  
title = {Oral health promotion in pregnant women: a narrative review}, 
abstract ={Background and purpose: Oral health behaviors in pregnant mothers are important owing to their impact on mother’s and child’s general health. The present study is designed to evaluate the type and success rate of interventions in oral health promotion programs. Methods: A search of published papers in ProQuest, Pubmed, Biomed Central, Google Scholar, and Iran Scientific Information Database (SID) and Iran Press Information Bank (Magiran), was done using the keywords oral health promotion (program, prevention, knowledge, education) and pregnant women (pregnancy) from 1990 to January 2017. Out of 9653 titles, and excluding repeated and irrelevant papers in title and abstracts, 88 relevant full test papers in second step were evaluated, and finally, 24 papers were finally selected for review. Results: Ten of the evaluated studies were experimental and 14 semi-experimental. Interventions in 21 studies were educational, in two were combined, and in one study was only in form of preventive services. Interventions were in form of educational programs alone, and with follow-up sessions, oral examination, preventive services, in different time intervals. Results indicated to a significant improvement in intervention groups in short term. Theory and model-based interventions were effectively improved oral health behaviors in pregnant women.  Conclusion: Education of oral health promoting behaviors and preventive services have positive effects on the oral health of pregnant women in short term, especially through theory and model-based interventions. },  
Keywords = {Oral health promotion, prevention, intervention, pregnancy},
volume = {13},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {73-90}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.1.73},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-170-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2017}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khoramiyantousi, S and Farhadi, A and Jafari, A and Najafi, Gh},  
title = {Knowledge, attitude and practice of students’ parents about fissure sealant}, 
abstract ={  Background: Using fissure sealant is a main method to prevent the occlusal dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice students’ parents of Karaj city about fissure sealant in 2017. Materials and methods: In this analytical descriptive research, 384 parents were evaluated. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Students, dental caries and use of fissure sealant were recorded by direct examination of the students. Spearman Correlation was used to study the relationship between demographic variables and dependent variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the two-way correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice scores.   Results: More than half of students had dental caries on their first permanent molar. Frequency of fissure sealant using was 10.7%. The mean score of the parents' knowledge was 4.18 ± 1.84out of 8 and was at a medium level. Parents' awareness of the use of fissure sealant was significantly related to occupation, number of children and parent’s education. The mean score of the parents' attitude was 29.36±3.12 in good level. Parents' attitudes were significantly related to the occupation and education of parents. The average practice score of the parents was 16.7±2.5 and was in good level. Parents' practice was significantly associated with the occupation of the parents. The relationship between knowledge and attitude, the relationship between knowledge and practice, and attitude with the performance were significant.   Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the practice and attitude of students, parents of Karaj city regarding use of fissure sealant were relatively high, but awareness was medium.  },  
Keywords = {Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Parents, Fissure Sealant, Students},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.1},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-177-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Razeghi, S and Hesari, H and Khatab, E and Kharazifard, M},  
title = {Evaluation of sugar type, the pH, and the viscosity in the most common liquid supplementation in children}, 
abstract ={Background:As a national policy all Iranian children under two-years-old should consume oral supplements such as iron, A+D vitamin, and multivitamin drops. Sugars and acids are widely used in pediatric medications including supplements, and long-term consumption of these drugs is associated with higher risk of dental decay and erosion. Consideraing the importance of nutritional supplementation for children, and the lack of research regarding sugar type, amount of acidity and viscosity of Iranian medications, the aim of the present study is to determine the sugar type, pH, and viscosity in common nutritional supplements in children. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, we extract the first fifty liquid pediatric medications (more than a million pack sales in one year), according to the Pharmaceutical Statistics of Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran. By asking pediatricians from Childern’s Medical Center and Phamacists from the selected pharmacies in Tehran, the most prescribed and sold pediatric liquid oral supplements were determined. Filnally we selected 24 supplements and two samples of each medicine were provided. In the next step we determined the sugar type based on labeling information, the pH using the pH meter pp-15 device, and the viscosity by Dial Reading Viscometer device. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results:From 24 supplements, only six medications offered information about the sugar component (sodium saccharin) and the others provide none information. In terms of the acidity of the drugs, all drugs placed in the critical pH (lower than 5.5). The mean of pH in AD drops, iron drops, multivitamin drops, and other supplements were 4.12, 1.9, 3.2, and 4, respectively. In addition, the mean of viscosity in all medications was low and desirable, which in millipascal-second (mPa-s). level. The mean of viscosity in AD drops, iron drops, multivitamin drops, and other supplements were 38.1, 22.4, 38.6, and 27.3 mPa-s, respectively. Conclusion:Due to the lack of appropriate information on the labeling of the supplements, the pharmaceutical companies should offer sufficient information about their products to increase the awareness of parents to choose supplements with less risk of dental caries. Considering the pH was lower than the critical level in all medications, providing necessary standards by the pharmaceutical companies enjoys a special importance. In addition, applying the preventive dental care after supplements consumption by parents should be adviced. Due to the favorable viscosity levels of the supplements, it seems that the pH of the drug is the most important factor regarding dental caries and erosion  },  
Keywords = {Keywords:Erosion, dental caries, pediatric, medication, supplementation},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {11-24}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.11},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-178-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salajegheh, M and Khalooyi, Gh and Zangiabadi, B},  
title = {Studying the relationship between parents health information literacy and students’ oral health}, 
abstract ={Background:The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between parents' health information literacy and the oral health status of elementary school students in Education District 2 Kerman in 1394-95.   Materials and methods: The research method is descriptive correlational. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of 370 people was estimated, of which 332 responded to the questionnaire in full. Cluster sampling method is used. The results were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS 21 software.   Results:The results showed that there is a positive relationship between parents' health information literacy and oral health status among elementary students. In the multi-variable relationship, decision making and behavior, assessment, understanding and comprehension, access, and reading, respectively, had the most relationship with the oral health variable.   Conclusion:Therefore, it can be concluded that increasing parental health literacy leads to proper parenting behavior and improves behaviors to improve oral and dental health.    },  
Keywords = {Keywords:parents, information health literacy, student, oral and dental health. Oral health, Health literacy},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {25-36}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.25},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-179-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baghi, S and Amareh, M and Heirat, R and Hajivandi, A and Aalizadeh, Y},  
title = {Evaluation of relationship between the children\'s dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment with the parents’ general health}, 
abstract ={Background:The children's cooperation level affects choosing the appropriate treatment plan and the outcome. Undoubtedly, they have the most communication with parents, whose attention towards the children's oral health is increasingly growing. This study evaluated the relationship between the children's dental fear and cooperation with their parents' general health.   Materials and methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 193 children in two age groups of 4-6 and 6-12-year-old. The Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Frankle's behavior rating scale were used to respectively assess the children’s dental fear and degree of cooperation with dental examinations and practices. Moreover, the parents' personality traits and general health was assessed by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS software through T-test and ANOVA.   Results:The parents' general health rate was 68.2% in the group with dental fear and 65.9% in the group who had no dental fear, with no significant difference. Nor was it correlated with the child's cooperation level (P=0.830). Dental fear was not correlated with sex, as it was reported by 14.2% of boys and 8.1% of girls (P=0.193). However, Frankle's rate revealed a significant correlation between the children's age and cooperation; the older group being far more cooperative than the youngers (P=0.02).   Conclusion:The current findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between the parents' general health and the children’s cooperation. Yet, the children's age is directly correlated with their level of cooperation.    },  
Keywords = {Keywords:Anxiety, Dentistry, Dental Fear, General Health, Cooperation},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {37-42}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.37},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-180-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nazemisalman, B and Rezazadeh, F and Vahabi, S and Shirinbak, I and Basirshabestari, S},  
title = {The prevalence of inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and mouthwash in periodontal disease among general dentists}, 
abstract ={Background:Due to the increasing desire to the application of chemical therapy for periodontal disease among dentists, the percentage of inappropriate drug prescription is also on the rise.   Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic and mouthwashes prescription among general dentists participating in the pediatric dentistry congress.   Materials and methods:This descriptive analytical study was done with the aid of two questionnaires distributed among 60 randomly chosen general dentists participating in pediatric dentistry congress.   Results:The highest percentage of antibiotic prescription was related to periodontal abscess (81%) while no one prescribed antibiotic for refractory periodontitis. About 60% of general dentists prescribed antibiotics before or during treatment. Only 15% of dentists, had done surgical treatment and mechanical debridement on patients with pocket depth more than 4 mm before mouthwash prescription. About 15% of dentists were not confirmed mouthwash prescription alone for periodontitis.   Conclusion:Around 75% of dentists’ antibiotic prescription was inappropriate. Moreover 66.6% of them were also considered the wrong duration for antibiotic therapy.    },  
Keywords = {Keywords:Antibiotics, Mouthwash, Periodontitis.},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {43-52}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.43},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-181-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shakerdolagh, A and Hoseinzadeh, M},  
title = {The effect of neuro feedback on children\'s anxiety in dentistry}, 
abstract ={Background:dental anxiety in children is indicated as a problem in controlling the patients. The effect of this fear continues tilladolescence and leads to prevention from dentist tasks which outcome is loss of mouth health. Therefore, the present study was carried out by the purpose of examining the effectiveness of neuro feedback on children dental anxiety.   Materials and methods:the methodology of this study is semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research includes all the children in 9 to 12 years old referring to dentistry centers of Tabriz in 2017.They are selected through on random sampling as 26 people using the questionnaire of dentist anxiety and randomly assigned into two experimental (8 individuals) and control groups (8 individuals). The experimental group was under neuro feedback therapy for 5 weeks, in 3-30 min sessions a week and control group did not receive the same training as the intervention group. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA.   Results:Based on the research findings there is significant relationship between pretest scores and post-test's in two groups. The pre-test anxiety scores in both groups were close to 16 and after the treatment of neuro feedback, the mean anxiety of the experimental group was reduced to 9, but the mean anxiety level of the control group was 16, thus, the neuro feedback treatment reduced the dental anxiety of the children in the experimental group.   Conclusion:These results indicates that this method, like other treatment and replacing techniques could be used to decrease children dental anxiety.    },  
Keywords = {Keywords:neuro feedback, Dentistry, anxiety.},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {53-62}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.53},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-182-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Afshar, H and Shafizadeh, M and Sohrabi, M},  
title = {Avulsion of immature permanent incisor tooth: a case report}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. Case presentation:An eight-years-old female patient’s maxillary left central incisor avulsed and the avulsed tooth kept in glass contained milk and ice and replanted in 75 minutes. After 18 months there weren’t any sign and symptom of abnormality and the root continued its formation. Conclusion: Healing is further complicated by the conditions of the avulsion accident, replantation management, and patient-specific factors. An understanding of the relative contribution of each of these variables to healing is imperative for the development of guidelines and clinical standards for the management of avulsed teeth.   },  
Keywords = {Key words:  avulsion,exarticulation,dental injuries,replantation,teeth},
volume = {13},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {63-70}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.13.2.63},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-183-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-183-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}