@article{ 
author = {goudarzi, A and heidarnia, A and Tavafian, sadigheh sadat and Eslamiyan, M},  
title = {Relationship of social variables with oral health of students}, 
abstract ={Background: Oral health is one of the most important branches of public health, which has significant impact on the people health. Also it is a cornerstone for body health and well-being, considering quality of life and living conditions. This study has been done with the aim of  oral health status survey among Tehran 5th grade female students and its relationship with parental education. Materials and methods: In this analytic description study, students 416 in the academic year of 2016-2017 were assessed by systematic cluster sampling method in terms of oral health status. The data collection tool was a self-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.88 ± 0.62 years, Average birth Rank 1.73 ± 0.98, mean family dimension was 4.09±1.01, education level of mothers (43.5%) and fathers (41.8%) were mostly diploma. The main sources of oral health information in students were teachers, health educators, educational aids in schools, parents and other cases. Average awareness rate and the performance of students in the field of oral care was moderate their percentages respectively were, 41.21±22.30, 53.33±19.6. Parent education with performance (p>0.01) and awareness (p>0.05) had significant relationship. Household income had relationship with performance (p>0.01), but there was no significant relationship with knowledge (p>0.05). Conclusion: The level of oral health knowledge and practice were moderate among 5th grade female students in Tehran primary schools. With increasing participants parental education level, the healthy awareness and practice were improved. As according to the survey most important resources for the information are teachers and Health trainers, it seems that with improving the, positive results will be achieved.},  
Keywords = {oral health, awareness, practice, students, Parent education.},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.1},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-200-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-200-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Seraj, B and Paryab, M and rafieeoskouyi, t and Hashemikamangar, S},  
title = {Comparing the microleakage of Equia Fort Glass ionomer, Amalgam and composite resin in class II restorations of Pulpotomized Primary molars}, 
abstract ={Background: The aesthetic aspect of crown restorations is currently a major challenge for dentists and parents. Given the different results in this area and the technical problems with the use of composite resins, a variety of resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) have been proposed by manufacturers for the restoration of primary teeth. This study was conducted to compare the microleakage of Equia Forte RMGI, simple amalgam restorations and composite resin restorations in class II cavities in pulpotomized primary molars. Materials and methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, 60 extracted first and second primary molars were collected and then cleaned and disinfected. The occlusoproximal class II cavities and the pulp chamber access cavity were prepared and a base made of ZOE cement was inserted. The teeth were then divided into three main groups through simple randomization; first group: self-cured glass ionomer cement base, etching, bonding and composite; second group: conditioner and Equia Forte RMGI; third group: amalgam. The samples underwent thermal cycles, and after sealing the apex, coating the dental surfaces with nail polish and staining with fuchsin solution, they were embedded into self-cure acrylic resin and cut mesiodistally. The edges of the restoration were examined in terms of dye penetration using a stereomicroscope, and the results obtained in the three groups were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The degree of microleakage was lower in the cervical edge of the samples in the amalgam group compared to in the composite and glass ionomer groups, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.781). The degree of occlusal microleakage was significantly lower in the samples in the composite group compared to in the glass ionomer and amalgam groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The Equia Forte RMGIs did not show any supremacy over the composite resins under in-vitro conditions, and they appear useful in extremely difficult clinical conditions and for uncooperative children.},  
Keywords = {Resin Modified Glass Ionomers, primary molars, pulpotomy, microleakage},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {11-24}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.11},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-201-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-201-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {jahanshahi, r and Mirzayi, f and Sanagou, a and Jouybari, l},  
title = {Survey of oral health index in elementary school students in Nasrabad village (Gorgan) based on Child-OIDP index in 1397}, 
abstract ={Background: Oral health has a very high impact on the quality of human life. There are many tools for measuring oral health, but more studies have been done in the adult population, while children are more important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health index of primary school students in Nasrabad village (Gorgan) based on Child-OIDP index in 1397. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1397. A total of 192 primary and secondary school students were selected by census method. The place of study was Nasrabad village in the east of Gorgan. A Child-OIDP Questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 and taking into account the error coefficient of α<0.05. Descriptive percentages and communication were used from inferential T-test and ANOVA. Results: 50.5% of the population were girls. Tooth pain, tooth sensitivity, tooth decolorization, tooth decay and bad breath were one of the most severe cases that students expressed as a disorder in their daily functioning. 75.5% of schoolchildren considered eating the most common problem affecting daily activities. 52.1% of students were afraid of a visit to the dentist. There was a significant relationship between oral health index and students' educational status (P = 0.000). Conclusion: This study showed the effect of oral and dental health on daily performance of primary school students. The effects of oral and dental problems were common. The effects were mainly eating and smiling.  },  
Keywords = {Oral Health, Child-OIDP Indicator, Daily Function.},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {25-36}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.25},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-202-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bagheri, a and Manouchehri, s},  
title = {Awareness and Attitude of Students at Farhangian University in Oral Health of 6-12 Year Old Children}, 
abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to determine the level awareness of students of Farhangian University regarding Oral Health of their Children at age of 6-12 Years old. Materials and methods: In this research, descriptive -survey method was used. The statistical population of this research was students of primary education in Farhangian University of Fars Province (Shahid Motahari Branch), a sample of 87 of them were selected by relative stratified sampling. Three questionnaires were used for collecting data.The maximum score that an individual can take from the awareness, attitude and performance questionnaires on oral health is 48, 50, and 28, respectively. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were determined by the researcher. t-test and chi square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the study showed that the mean of student's attitude toward oral health was 42.4 with a standard deviation of 5.53, which indicates a good attitude of students towards oral health. The mean of student's awareness about oral health of children aged 6 to 12 years was 23.17 with a standard deviation of 11.25, which is slightly lower than the average. The mean of student's performance on oral health was 15.7 with a standard deviation of 4.34, Which indicates that student's performance is moderate. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, promotion of awareness and practice of students regarding Oral Health during the period of the university and afterwards should be considered.  },  
Keywords = {Awareness, Oral Health, performance, attitude.},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {37-48}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.37},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-203-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-203-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hasanpour, f and dashti, f and Sadeghi, f},  
title = {Comparison of the number of permanent teeth in children from fertility with natural fertility at age 5 in Isfahan, 1396}, 
abstract ={Background: The tooth eruption is a continuous biological process through which the growing teeth enter the oral cavity through the jaws. Generally, teeth are usually between 5 to 13 years old. The time and arrangement of tooth eruption in different races varies. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to compare the number of permanent teeth in children in Isfahan. Materials and methods: This descriptive -comparative study was conducted on 5-year-old children in preschools, 21 of which were children with Assisted fertility methods (male and female) and 21 children (male and female), From natural pregnancy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The number of permanent teeth was compared with the Mann-Whitney test. In the kidneys of the statistical tests, p value less than 5 hundredths is considered as a significant level. Results: The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the number of permanent birth nurses in children born using assisted fertility methods with normal pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: The type of fertility and permanent teeth growth of children is also appropriate and irrelevant to the fertility method, and the nurse of the children with the information of the results of this research can prevent the infertility couples' concerns about the permanent teeth of the child resulting from the assisted reproductive techniques to be Findings of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the time of development of boys and girls in preschool.  },  
Keywords = {permanent teeth, assisted reproduction method, preschool child},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {49-54}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.49},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-204-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-204-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {zarabian, t and HaghiAshtiani, g and Ghoncheh, z and Kharazifard, m.j},  
title = {Difference in Developmental Stage of Homologous Mandibular Second and Third Molars in Seven to 11 Year Olds Using Panoramic Radiography and Demirjian’s Method}, 
abstract ={Background: Assessment of dental developmental stage is more valuable than tooth eruption because the duration of tooth eruption is short and is determined by the appearance of tooth in the oral cavity. Also, tooth eruption can be changed by local factors such as space shortage and systemic factors such as nutritional status. Several methods are used to determine the developmental stage of teeth. The Demirjian’s method is extensively used for this purpose. This study aimed to assess the developmental stage of homologous mandibular second and third molars in 7 to 11 year olds using the Demirjian’s method. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 187 panoramic radiographs of 7 to 11-year-old Iranians (91 females and 96 males) presenting to Pardis Dental School clinic. Two observers evaluated the developmental stage of homologous mandibular second and third molars using the Demirjian’s method. The observers were first calibrated for use of the Demirjian’s method and then the inter- and intra-examiner reliability and the respective kappa values were calculated after observing 187 panoramic radiographs. The Demirjian’s method for tooth development includes eight developmental stages. Assessments were made twice with a one-month interval. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: No significant difference was noted in terms of developmental stage of the second molars in the right and left sides. However, in 44 cases, third molars in the right side were one stage ahead of those in the left side and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in developmental stage of teeth was not significant between males and females (P>0.05). Conclusion: No significant difference was noted in mandibular second molars in higher developmental stages but the difference in mandibular third molars in earlier stages of development was statistically significant. Molar teeth in the right and left sides are significantly different in early stages of development but over time, this difference is minimized and no significant difference is seen between them in later stages of development.  },  
Keywords = {Mineralization, Homologous teeth, Demirjian’s Method, Panoramic Radiography.},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {55-66}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.55},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-205-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-205-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Erfanparast, l and Sohrabi, a and Alizadeh, m and Daryani,},  
title = {}, 
abstract ={Background: There is little information on web based teaching tools in dentistry education and the effectiveness of these new methods and technologies in teaching and research, is being discussed. This study was thus designed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of faculty members of Tabriz Dental School towards e-learning. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study and the study tool was a questionnaire. The validity of this questionnaire was examined by specialists in this field. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questions. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all faculty members of the Dentistry Faculty at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were asked to complete a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The knowledge of faculty members in Tabriz Dental School about e-learning was as follows: 38.86% was high, 48.13% moderate and 13.01% low. The attitude of faculty members in Tabriz Dental School about e-learning was as follows: 18.7% completely agreed, 44.0% agreed, 16.6% had no idea, 15.8% disagreed, and 1.4% completely disagreed. there was no significant difference between groups by gender, educational group and academic level. (p> 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the knowledge of faculty members of Tabriz Dental School toward wed- based teaching was low. However, their attitude toward that was positive.},  
Keywords = {The knowledge of faculty members, the attitude of faculty members, wed- based teaching},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {67-76}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.67},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-206-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-206-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Najafpour, e and Seraj, b and Ghadimi, s and Mahdilou, t},  
title = {Evaluation of clinical education and examination of preclinical and clinical courses of pediatric dentistry from the viewpoint of the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, 
abstract ={Background: Clinical training in dentistry requires special attention due to the large volume of practical units and the extent of its extensive clinical skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical education and examination of preclinical and clinical units of pediatric dentistry from the viewpoint of the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive-analytic study, 146 students were participated, who had passed the preclinical and clinical units of pediatric dentistry at the department of pediatric dentistry of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. To collect data, a self-constructed questionnaire was used which its validity and reliability were assessed. To analyze data from questionnaires; for quantitative data descriptive statistics were used. To analyze the data according to different student's opinion on the basis of age, gender and educational level; multiple regression model in SPSS 22 software were used. Results: Appropriate assessment at the end of the ward had was only 38 percent opposed. Only about 30 percent of students did not satisfy about the physical equipment and materials in the laboratory and ward. For most skills, the students were satisfied and be able to do most skills alone. Most problem of the students was regarding spacemaintainer (fixed and removable). Age and sex are two factors influencing the opinions of students in some of the cases but year of university entrance was most affecting factors on the lack of refusing to perform the skills in pediatric dentistry department. Conclusion: Students were satisfied with clinical education and examination of preclinical and clinical courses of pediatric dentistry for most skills. About spacemaintainer; Educational packages can be useful for students’ skill improvement.  },  
Keywords = {Education, evaluation, dentistry, pediatric},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {77-83}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.77},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-207-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, f and Mortazavi, m and Bahrami,},  
title = {Subcotaneus emphysema before extubation in mandible fracture: case report}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Subcotaneus emphysema refers to the presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissue, which creates the sense of cryptosis when touched. Case report: A 4-year-old boy was hospitalized for pediatric medical center Tehran university  of medical siences, due to left-wing condyle fracture and mandibular symphysis. Following the completion of surgeries and surrogate procedures, and before the tube was removed, a sudden bilateral swelling of the face and neck from the Temporal to Supraclavicles area was observed, the patient was under precise and momentary supervision at the ICU for three days and was able to control the potential pneumothorax for the patient, Chest Tube It was embedded and discharged due to decreased symptoms of emphysema and facial swelling. Conclusion: Patients with SCE due to the potential for the development of complications, such as blockage of airway, should be closely monitored and the simultaneous deviation of tissues can make it difficult to intubate. Knowing these factors and understanding this can have a very effective role in patient management.  },  
Keywords = {Subcotaneus emphysema, Mandibular fracture, Intubation},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {85-89}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.85},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-208-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, f and Mortazavi, m and Bahrami,},  
title = {Subcotaneus emphysema before extubation in mandible fracture: case report}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Subcotaneus emphysema refers to the presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissue, which creates the sense of cryptosis when touched. Case report: A 4-year-old boy was hospitalized for pediatric medical center Tehran university  of medical siences, due to left-wing condyle fracture and mandibular symphysis. Following the completion of surgeries and surrogate procedures, and before the tube was removed, a sudden bilateral swelling of the face and neck from the Temporal to Supraclavicles area was observed, the patient was under precise and momentary supervision at the ICU for three days and was able to control the potential pneumothorax for the patient, Chest Tube It was embedded and discharged due to decreased symptoms of emphysema and facial swelling. Conclusion: Patients with SCE due to the potential for the development of complications, such as blockage of airway, should be closely monitored and the simultaneous deviation of tissues can make it difficult to intubate. Knowing these factors and understanding this can have a very effective role in patient management.  },  
Keywords = {Subcotaneus emphysema, Mandibular fracture, Intubation},
volume = {14},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {90-96}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.1.90},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-209-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salem, K and Shamkhani, S and Aghayi, S and Ebrahimzadeh, E},  
title = {DMFT and SiC Indices in 15-years-old female students in the city of Rasht, Iran}, 
abstract ={Background:DMFT index is the most common caries detecting index worldwide. The aim of present study was to determine DMFT as well as the prevalence of highest caries rate or Significant Caries Index (SiC), among 15 years of age female students in the city of Rasht, Iran. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 228 female students were selected using stratified multi-stage sampling method. Demographic status was assessed by questionnaire. Clinical examinations were conducted by a trained senior dental student. DMFT index was  firstly determined by WHO criteria. At the next stage, SiC index was extracted by calculating DMFT among one third of study population who had the highest rate of DMFT. Analyzed by SPSS 21. Spearman correlation, Kruskal Wallis و Chi-square T-test,Data were used for data analysis. Results:The mean DMFT was 3.29±2.7, and SiC index was 6.19±0.76. Spearman correlation determined that there was a positive direct correlation between DMFT and the number of children within the family (P<0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between DMFT and daily tooth brushing(P<0.0001). Conclusion:The mean DMFT index among 15 years-old females was similar to mean national scores. The number of siblings and tooth brushing were correlated with DMFT score in the study population.  },  
Keywords = {DMFT index, 15 years of age, Dental caries, SiC index},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.1},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-216-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimiafshar, M and Hajizadeh, S and Torabi, M and Taheri, Sh},  
title = {Midwives’knowledge and practice about oral health in pregnant women,infants and children in Kerman}, 
abstract ={Background:Maintaining oral health during pregnancy is considered as one of the most important public health issues for mother and children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of midwives about oral health in pregnant women,infants and children in Kerman. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 118 midwives in Kerman who were selected by census method. Data collection method was a questionnaire consist of 12  and 14 questions about oral health knowledge and practice,  demographic information,which its validity and reliability were confirmed  previously. Data analyzed by SPSS 21 software and using statistical T test, ANOVA and linear regression. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results:In this study, the average age and years of graduation were 38.52±8.84 and 14.60±8.83,respectively. The average years of  service was 15.68±9.36. The mean score of knowledge and practice were8.65±2.46 and 6.97±1.37 respectively. (59.3%)  of participants had moderate knowledge and (63.6%) had favorable practice. There was a direct and significant relationship between the practice of individuals and participation in oral hygiene courses with years of service and information source. participants who were older, had lower awareness. Midwives who worked in the clinic and who had more years of service, had significantly more knowledge. Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the practice of individuals about oral hygiene in children and infants is favorable and knowledge is moderate. It is recommended to spend oral hygiene courses to raise knowledge.  },  
Keywords = {Oral hygiene, Pregnancy, Childhood, Infancy, Prevention, knowledge, midwives, practice},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {11-20}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.11},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-217-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimiafshar, M and Karimigooghari, M and TorabiParizi21, M},  
title = {Attitude of Kerman dental students towards electronic learning and related factors}, 
abstract ={Background:In recent years information, communication technology  and electronic learning  have been gain a big role in higher educational level.The aim of the present study was to assessment of Kerman dental students attitude about electronic learning. Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was carried on 307 dental students, who selected through census sampling method. Data were collected through demographic data,experience of e-learning  and  questionnaire consist of 15 question about attitude to electronic learning. Data analyzed in SPSS 21 soft-ware using T,ANOVA and linear regression tests. P-value considered at 0.05 significant level. Results:In the present study 57.0% were girls90.2% were familiar with computer more than 3 past years. 70.4% used computer over 3 hours in week. The most score was in using web explorer.Sixty nine  and four percent had positive attitude. There was not significant correlation between academic year, sex and attitude. There was significant correlation between familiar with computer, using internet, dental school hard ware quality  and attitude Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study about two third of students had positive attitude about electronic learning. Students’ experience about using web exploring was good. There was significant correlation between dental school hard ware quality  and attitude .  },  
Keywords = {Electronic learning,web, computer,attitude, dental,students},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {21-32}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.21},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-218-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salehishahrabi, M and Mokhtari, S and Shahrabi, M and Heidari, A and Ghadimi, S and Mosharafian, Sh and Hoseini, Z},  
title = {Epidemiologic study of dental trauma in patients presenting to the dental clinic of School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018.}, 
abstract ={Background:Epidemiologic knowledge can signify the importance of prevention, diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the frequency of dental trauma, type of injury, type of treatment performed and time of admission of dental trauma patients presenting to the School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018.   Materials and methods: In this retrospective, descriptive study, pediatric dentistry postgraduate students evaluated the charts of patients admitted to the dental clinic of School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018 due to dental trauma. Age and sex of patients, type of traumatized tooth, cause of injury, type of injury, time interval between the trauma and visit and type of treatment performed were all recorded. Descriptive data were reported as frequency and percentage. Different types of dental injuries were compared using SPSS version 22.   Results:Of 165 injured patients, 63.03% were males and 43.03% were between 8-9 years of age. The prevalence of trauma to the maxilla and mandible was 90.02% and 9.96%, respectively. The maxillary central incisors had the highest frequency of trauma (72.09%). Slips and falls were the most common causes of trauma (73.93%) while sport injuries were the least common (6.06%). In terms of type of trauma to the teeth, intrusion was the most common and crown and root fracture were the least common in primary dentition while tooth crown fracture was the most common and extrusion was the least common in permanent teeth. Of injured patients, 3.03% sought treatment in less than 4 hours and 6.66% between 6-12 months after injury. Treatments included simple tooth restoration (27.6%), splinting (11.6%), pulpectomy/root canal treatment (12%), pulp-capping (1.2%) and replantation (2%).   Conclusion:Traumatic injuries are common in children and adolescents. The current results showed that age and gender were among the predisposing factors to dental injuries. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly traumatized teeth. Tooth crown fracture was the most common injury in permanent teeth while intrusion was the most common injury in primary teeth. Slips and falls were the most common causes of dental trauma. Composite restoration was the most common and pulpectomy was the least common treatment. Patients mainly presented within 4 to 24 hours after injury. Those presenting 6-12 months later had the lowest frequency.  },  
Keywords = {Epidemiology, Dental Trauma, Prevalence, Etiology, Treatment, Time of Admission},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {33-44}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.33},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-219-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karandish, M and Pakshir, H and Karimian, Z},  
title = {Evaluation of health care providers knowledge on importance of preventive orthodontic treatment Original Article}, 
abstract ={Background:Assessing the knowledge and performance of school health care providers as a means to protect the health of students and identifying barriers to the implementation of oral health programs and the awareness of school health care providers regarding the prevention of oral and dental illness to promote the health of students is important and It is necessary in this research to determine the awareness of health care providers about early orthodontic treatment in Shiraz. Materials and methods: In coordination with the Shiraz General Education Office, health care providers participated in this study. All health care elementary school students in Shiraz were sampled. 113 health care providers were willing to cooperate. Provides information on health care awareness in the field Oral and dental health and dental anomalies were questioned and analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test. Results:42.5% of health care providers had good knowledge and 53.1% had moderate knowledge and 4.4% had low knowledge. On the other hand, the level of education, age, work experience and the length of time from the last degree did not have any effect on the level of awareness of individuals. Conclusion:The level of awareness of health care providers in Shiraz, considering their important role of the importance of early orthodontic treatment, was low and there was a need for more courses by dentists with more supervision.  },  
Keywords = {Health Care Providers, Orthodontics Preventive Orthodontics, School, Oral Health},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {45-52}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.45},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-220-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yazdani, R and Hesari, H and Bagherian, F},  
title = {Evaluation of oral health promotion interventions among 0 to 6 Years old children: Scoping review}, 
abstract ={Background:Oral health is an important issue, because of its consequences on general health of children. Present study has been provisional to evaluate types and effectiveness of oral health promotion interventions on 0-6 years-old children. Materials and methods:A Scoping review was done, with search in PubMed, Google scholar, ProQuest, Biomed Central and also domestic data bases in SID, Magiran limited to English and Farsi language, from 2008-2018 using Farsi and English keywords; Oral health promotion, oral health program, oral health knowledge, infant, toddler, preschool children. Finally, present review was done based on 23 local and interventional studies in the field of oral health promotion of 0-6 years-old children. Results:Selected twenty-three studies were experimental and Quasi-experimental studies. Interventions were done as educational program with follow-up sessions, examinations and prevention dental services in the different periods of time. Researched variables were; knowledge, attitude, belief and behaviors in the field of oral health care and dental status. All the above mentioned outcome variables showed significant improvement among participants afterinterventions. Conclusion:According to the evaluation of the results of the interventions in Iran and other countries among 0-6 years-old children, oral health education to parents in short time had positive results on the oral and dental health of them. Also it has been shown that behavioral attentions, use of models and theories, can be considered as an effective method for promoting oral health status of 0-6 years-old children.  },  
Keywords = {Oral health, oral health promotion, precautionary services, 0-6 years-old children, infant, toddler, preschool children},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {53-70}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.53},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-221-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heidari, A and Tavana, N},  
title = {Dentin Dysplasia: ARare Case Report}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Dentin Dysplasia is one of the rare hereditary diseases that the enamel is normal, but it also affects the dentin and  the shape of the tooth pulp. Due to the low prevalence of this disease, a case of dentin dysplasia with the classical and atypical dentin dysplasia type 1 is presented. Case presentation:A 11-year-old girl with the mobility of lower central teeth that has severe root defects in the periapical radiography, is introduced. Conclusion:Regarding the root defect only in the anterior mandibular teeth, it seems to be a regional  dentin dysplasia.  },  
Keywords = {Dental developmental disorders, dentin dysplasia, dental root defects},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {71-78}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.71},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-222-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari, A and MakvandGholipour, M and soheili, R and KhoramiyanTousi, S},  
title = {The effect of health promotion program on permanent dental health in elementary students}, 
abstract ={Background: Considering the necessity of oral health as a part of public health, and the special importance of oral hygiene in school-age children and adolescents as one of the important factors affecting the quality of life, this study aimed to investigate the effect of health promotion program on permanent dental health in students. Primary schools of health promotion and traditional schools of Alborz province have been conducted.   Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, based on the sample size of permanent dental health status, 346, 12-year-old elementary school students in Karaj were evaluated based on DMFT index. Also, demographic data of students and parents were recorded to examine the relationship between indicators and health status. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi square and Independent T Student.   Results: The mean caries index was 2.89 in normal school students and 2.49 in health school students, which had no significant effect on the dental caries index of students. The effect of variables on caries index showed that gender, number of toothbrushes, dental visit had a significant effect on caries index, and debris and calculus indices had a significant direct effect on caries rate.   Conclusion: Due to the ineffectiveness of the oral health program in the health promoting school in Karaj, the oral health program for schools should be defined and implemented.},  
Keywords = {Oral health, Oral health program, Health Promoting School, Caries Index},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {79-88}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.79},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-253-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Seraj, B and Sohrabi, M and AkhavanMalayeri, H and Ghadimi, S},  
title = {Determining the relationship between the type of insurance of 7-12 year old children and their dental health status in Tehran}, 
abstract ={Background: Oral and dental problems are preventable with regular examinations. Among the barriers to utilizing health services, lack of financial resources is too important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the type of insurance of 7-12 year old children and their dental health status in Tehran.   Materials and methods: In this study 456 students were selected from 10 schools in 5 districts of Tehran. The study was conducted on 4 groups of health insurance: Medical services insurance fund (MSIF), social security insurance organization (SSIO), military insurance and supplemental insurance. At the first visit the questionnaires were given to the students and completed by the parents. At the next visit, the children were examined and dft (decayed, filled primary teeth) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled permanent teeth) indices were recorded. Then the relationship between insurance type and these indices were investigated using One-way ANOVA and Tukey.   Results: The d and f indices in the primary teeth were correlated with the type of insurance respectively p<0.001, p=0.003; but there was not significant relation between dft index and any of the insurance groups (p=0.582). F and DMFT indices in permanent teeth were correlated with type of insurance (p = 0.035 and p <0.001, respectively) but no significant difference was found between D index and insurance groups (p = 0.504). No significant difference was observed in the number of fissure sealants in the four insurance groups (p = 0.094) but in the number of SSCs there was a significant difference (p <0.001) and in the military insurance was more than the other three insurances.   Conclusion: Type of the insurances of primary school students in Tehran has impact on their dental health.},  
Keywords = {Insurance, Oral and Dental Health, Children},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {89-98}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.89},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-254-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Soleimanzadeh, R and Amjadian, M and Maleki, Sh},  
title = {Effect of Health Behaviors Education on Oral Health Improvement in Anxious Children in Sanandaj, 2018; a Pilot Study}, 
abstract ={Background: This study investigated the effect of education on the shaping of oral health behaviors in children with high anxiety identified based on Spence Anxiety Scale.   Materials and methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on eighty children between 8 and 15 years old living in Welfare Organization affiliated centers in Sanandaj in 2018. Sampling was done by convenience method. Children's anxiety was assessed using Spence-Childhood Anxiety Scale. Fifty two children with high anxiety level were identified and they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Plaque index was measured in all anxious children both at the beginning of the study and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.   Results: The results showed that anxiety mean level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control one (p <0.05). The mean score of index plaque in the control group did not differ significantly from the experimental group before the intervention (p <0.05), but it was significantly higher in the control group after the intervention (p <0.05).   Conclusion: Health behavior training was effective on improving plaque index in short term, and general anxiety in children was not a barrier to accepting, shaping and modifying oral health behaviors.},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Education, Oral health, Dental Plaque Index},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {99-108}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.99},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-255-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarlak, H and Najafi, M and Bayani, M and Khosravi, Zahra and Salimi, Z},  
title = {Use of preformed zirconia crowns for restoring maxillary grossly broken primary incisors with 24-months follow-ups}, 
abstract ={Introduction: With increasing demand on esthetics in children and their parents, the treatment of decayed primary anterior teeth is one of the biggest challenges in pediatric dentistry. Esthetic preformed zirconia crowns are the newest choice in treatment of the anterior as well as the posterior teeth. Case presentation: This paper reports a 3 years old boy with grossly decayed maxillary incisors which was planned to treat under general anesthesia. In this case, we used preformed zirconia crowns (NuSmile, Houston, TX, USA) to restore function and ideal esthetics in anterior teeth. The patient was followed for two years for function, gingival health and crown adaptation which were in good condition. The patient and their parents were completely satisfied with the crown appearance. Conclusion: The preformed zirconia crown is durable and well-favored choice to restore primary anterior teeth.},  
Keywords = {decay, primary incisors, restoration, zirconia crowns},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {109-118}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.109},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-256-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Solhjou, N and Razmjouyi, F},  
title = {Double mesiodens concomitant with missing lateral incisors: a case report}, 
abstract ={Introduction: One of the extremely rare conditions is the simultaneous occurrence of both hypodontia and hyperdontia in the same individual, known as hypo-hyperdontia or the concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia (CHH). The prevalence of hypo-hyperdontia is estimated between 0.002% and 3.1%. The etiology of this unusual condition still remains undetermined. Case presentation: In the present case we report a patient with double mesiodens, coincide with missing primary and permanent lateral incisors. Conclusion: Both mesiodens were extracted to prevent its adverse effects on the permanent dentition.  },  
Keywords = {Hypodontia, hyperdontia, hypo-hyperdontia, mesiodens},
volume = {14},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {119-128}, 
publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},

doi = {10.29252/ijpd.14.2.119},
url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-257-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry},  
issn = {1735-8434}, 
eissn = {1735-8434}, 
year = {2019}  
}