@article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-338-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi.B.A, A and Karami, M and Nouri, M and Morovati, S.P}, title = {Comparison of the efficiency of three tooth brushing training methods on dental plaque removal of 10-year-old female students}, abstract ={Introduction: Oral health is one of the most important aspects of a healthy lifestyle and its improvement requires the use of appropriate educational methods to improve the level of empowerment of different groups in the society. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of three methods of tooth brushing on Dental Plaque Index of 10-year-old female students in Sanandaj in 2019. Materials and Methods: This before-after study was performed on 120 female students in three groups. In each group, Modified Bass technique was trained with one of the following methods: on the dental model, in person training or play an instructional video. O'Leary Dental Plaque Index was measured at the baseline, immediately after training, 2 and 8 weeks after training. Data were analyzed in SPSS version20 using ANOVA، repeated measure ANOVA. The level of significance for these tests was considered 0.05. Results: In dental model training  group, Plaque Index was significantly reduced in 8 weeks follow-up  and was more effective than other two methods (P-value =0.001). In the video group, Plaque Index significantly decreased in two weeks follow-up, while showed a slight increase in 8 weeks (P-value =0.001).in In –person education group, Plaque Index did not show a significant decrease in the eighth week after training (P-value=0.452). Conclusion: In a population of 10 year old girls, Modified Bass technique training on dental model had the best results in reducing dental Plaque Index.  }, Keywords = {brushing method training, dental plaque, Modified Bass technique, dental model, instructional video}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Moshfeghi, M and Tuyserkani, F and Jamalzadeh, N}, title = {Prevalence of Enamel Pearl in patients referred to radiology section of Shahid Beheshti dental school, using CBCT during 2018-2019 years.}, abstract ={Introduction: Dental anomalies such as enamel pearl cause problems in the treatment process of patients. Accordingly, this study has investigated the prevalence of this anomaly. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, CBCT images of 150 patients (a total of 4,200 teeth) extracted from the radiology department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School between 2017 to 2018 were reviewed. The prevalence of the Enamel Pearl anomaly were evaluated. The images of each patient in the reconstructed panoramic view were examined, then each tooth was evaluated in MPR view and then in Cross section view with 0.5 mm thickness, finally the data were statistically analyzed. Results: In the present study, from a total of 4200 CBCT images, only two samples were diagnosed to have an Enamel Pearl anomaly. After examining one of the specimens in MPR and Multiplanar view, the initial diagnosis of Enamel Pearl was rejected by an experienced radiologist. Only in one case, Enamel Pearl anomaly was observed in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal furcation of the upper right second molar in the form of a round radiopaque nodule with definite boundaries, which had a prevalence of 0.02%. As this anomaly was observed in only one person, no statically relationship concluded between this anomaly and age, sex and tooth location. Conclusion: In the statistical population of the study, only one case of Enamel Pearl anomaly was observed by using CBCT imaging, which had a prevalence of 0.02%.}, Keywords = {CBCT, Enamel Pearl, Prevalence}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-331-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-331-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {saboohi, Z and Karimi, M}, title = {Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of 3-6 year old children about the importance of baby teeth in Saveh city in 2021}, abstract ={Introduction: Maintaining the oral health of young children is influenced by the knowledge and beliefs of parents, especially their mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of mothers of 3-6 year old children in Saveh city in 2021 about the importance of deciduous teeth. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 mothers of children aged 3-6 years of Saveh health centers. The participants were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of KAP. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 8.6 ± 2.3, 35.5 ± 6.6 and 7.8 ±2.1, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge with attitude (r = 0.33) and attitude with practice (r = 0.72) (p <0.05). In total, 8% of children used dental floss once a day, 7.2% used a toothbrush once a day, and 50% used it 2 or 3 times a week. The most important reason for going to the dentist (61.7%) was the child's toothache. Conclusion: The results showed that the studied mothers had moderate knowledge, and poor attitude and practice. Due to the poor attitude and practice of mothers in flossing and brushing, designing and implementing an educational program for mothers on the importance of caring for deciduous teeth, it is recommended.  }, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, practice, Preschool child, Baby tooth}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-38}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rahbar, P and Basir, L and Kavousi, M.A and Hafezi, M}, title = {Assessing the accuracy of Cameriere method in estimating the dental age of 7 to 11 years old children based on panoramic radiography in Ahvaz}, abstract ={Introduction: Different methods for estimating age based on tooth development have been introduced. In the Camerirere method, the width of the apex of the second permanent molar tooth on the left side of the mandible is measured. The aim of this study was to compare the mean chronological and dental age obtained by the Cameriere method. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study, 240 panoramic radiographs of 120 girls and 120 boys aged 7 to 11 years old were examined. In the lower left quadrant of each radiography, the width of the open apex of the developing teeth and the length of these teeth, the number of closed apex teeth, the normalized number ( the result of dividing the width of the apex by the length of the tooth) and the sum of the normalized numbers were measured and calculated.   By Cameriere age estimation formula  age of each child was calculated  with values of these variables. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and SPSS version 24. Results: The mean chronological age was 8.42 and their mean estimated age was 8.44 years. There is no significant difference between them(P= 0.616). The difference between the mean chronological and the estimated age in girls was -0.08  and in boys was 0.03 years, There is no significant difference between the means of chronological and estimated age in girls and boys (P= 0.162). Conclusion: Cameriere method in estimating the age of the studied samples also in both gender, has a high accuracy.  }, Keywords = {Cameriere method, estimating age, panoramic radiography}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-52}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-333-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-333-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mehran, M}, title = {Factors associated with children\'s fear and anxiety about dental practice: A review study}, abstract ={Introduction: Children's fear and anxiety about receiving dental services is one of the major challenges in pediatric dentistry. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to children's fear and anxiety about dental practices. Materials and Methods: In this review study, we appraised related academic articles of resources in Google scholar, Scopus, pubmed and domestic databases including: SID (Scientific information database), and MagIran using the English keywords Fears, Dental fear, Anxiety, Dental Anxiety, Patient Anxiety, and using the MeSh browser between 2019-2020. Results: The age of children in the studies ranged from 3 to 17 years. Research environments in the researches were the pediatric clinic of dental schools, schools and private dental offices. The variables that were studied in most studies were gender, age and history of dental treatment. The highest number of studies was performed to assess children's fear using the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). The main factors related to children's fear were age, role of parents, family attitude, experiences of others, history of dental treatment. Conclusion: To promote children's oral health, it is necessary to identify the factors related to children's fear and anxiety about dental practices.  }, Keywords = {Fear, Anxiety, Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Anxiety}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-74}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ansarinia, A and Salarisedigh, S and Montazeri, A.M and Moradiaskari, E}, title = {Assessment of knowledge and attitude of Rafsanjan primary school health instructors about management of traumatic tooth avulsion among in 2020-2021}, abstract ={Introduction: There is a close relationship between immediate and correct management of dental trauma and its prognosis. The health educators are often the first people in contact with children in this places, so their awareness of how to deal with these injuries plays an important role in prevention and treatment of dental trauma. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of health educators in confrontation with dental injuries in primary schools of Rafsanjan in 2020. Methods and materials: In this cross-sectional study, all of 32 health instructors in primary schools of Rafsanjan were identified. After completing questionnaires, collected data from 30 health instructors were analyzed. In order to test the research hypotheses, Multiple regression, Non-parametric tests of spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and kruskal-wallis were utilized using SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores of health educators related to management of avulsion were 14.2±6.6 and 22.3 ± 65/41 respectively. There was no significant statistical correlation between knowledge score and age, work experience and education level and experience dealing with an avulsion (P>0.05). In this study, the knowledge score of the health educators who had passed the training was statistically higher than others (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results show insufficient knowledge of health educators about the management of dental trauma and the need to use strategies to improve the knowledge of health educators in this field. Because increasing awareness leads to better prognosis in dental traumas; it is necessary to hold training courses to increase the awareness of health educators.  }, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Tooth avulsion, Tooth replantation}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-85}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shafeizadeh, M and Farajallahi, M and Ahmadian, M and Abdal, Kh}, title = {Evaluation of parental knowledge and attitude toward appropriate principles of oral hygiene in 3-7-years-old children in Ilam, 2021}, abstract ={  Introduction: Knowledge and attitude as important factors  for oral and teeth health play a positive  role in preventing oral and teeth diseases. The present study investigates the knowledge and attitude of parents toward the correct principles of  oral hygiene in 3 to 7 years old children in Ilam in 1399.                                                                          Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 109 parents of 3- to 7-year-old children who were referred to dental clinics in Ilam. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The collected information was entered into SPSS 24 software and the significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: In this study, the mean score of mothers 'knowledge was 29±074/7 and the mean score of fathers' knowledge was 5±27. The mean score of mothers 'attitude was 6±53 and the mean score of fathers' attitude was 4±51. 16% had poor knowledge, 66% had moderate knowledge and 18% had a good knowledge. 14% of parents had poor attitude, 66% had moderate and 20% had a good attitude.  Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between parents' knowledge and their age(p=/009) and education(p=/004). There was also a meaningful relationship between attitude and gender(p=/048), income (p=/019) and education (p=/018) . Conclusion: The results of this study showed that parents' information about the child's oral health observing is low. Therefore, education of parents seems necessary  at the community level.    }, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Parents, Oral hygiene, Child}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {86-101}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Beyzaei, P and Seyfi, N}, title = {Evaluation of Parent\'s knowledge and Attitude Toward Dental Trauma in 7-12 Years old Children Referred to Pediatric Department of Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are one of the most common dental problems in children and adolescents. Since parents are among the first to attend the scene of the accident, their knowledge of dental traumatic injuries management has a significant impact on the prognosis of these teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental knowledge and attitude toward dental trauma in 7-12 years old children referred to pediatric department of dental school, Golestan university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study questionnaire forms were distributed among 225 parents. Questionnaire contained 4 parts: demographic characteristics, social information, knowledge regarding traumatic dental injuries and their emergency management, and prevention approach towards dental trauma. The data was collected and analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A significance level was considered.   Results: The mean parental knowledge was 3.3  of 13. A significant difference was observed between parental knowledge and educational level (P-value=0/04). However, no significant difference was found between parental knowledge and age, gender and number of children. According to the results, 48% of parents had not received any information regarding dental trauma. Most of the parents (88%) were willing to attend an educational program about management of dental trauma. Conclusion: Parents play an important role in control and management of children's dental injuries. According to the average knowledge score obtained in this study, parents' knowledge about dental injuries is insufficient, which emphasizes the need to increase the awareness regarding dental traumatic injuries.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {FallahinejadGhajari, M and Eghbali, A and Eftekhar, L}, title = {Single Visit Dental Management of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under General Anesthesia: a case report}, abstract ={Children with special health care needs receive less oral care than the normal population and they are at an increased risk for oral diseases throughout their lifetime. Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD] refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which include social and communicational impairments along with restricted or repetitive behavioral stereotypes. Dental management of an autistic child requires a comprehensive understanding of the disorder and various behavior guidance techniques. This study presents a single visit full mouth rehabilitation of a 10-year-old autistic child with history of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and seizure under general anesthesia regarding uncooperative behavior and multiple medical and behavioral problems, which made the dental treatment extremely difficult. It appears that single visit dental treatment under general anesthesia is a good alternative for autistic pediatric patients.  }, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dental management, General Anesthesia, Oral Rehabilitation}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-18}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-347-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-347-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {RahmaniAndabili, M and Majzoubi, S and Rashidian, A}, title = {Investigating the time and order of eruption of permanent mandibular central and first molar in 5-8 years old children in Tehran}, abstract ={Introduction: knowledge about the correct timing of eruption in children can have a significant impact on the diagnosis of abnormalities in children. There is limited information about eruption of teeth in Tehran. In this study, the time and order of eruption  of permanent mandibular central and first molar in students aged 5-8 years in Tehran were determined. Materials and Methods: To conduct this descriptive and cross sectional research, two regions (5 and 16) were randomly selected from 19 educational districts of Tehran .A designed questionnaire was completed by examining 1116 students aged 5 to 8 years and 11 months. The statistical test (chi 2) was used to investigate the related factors such as age and sex and (Confidence .Interval) was used to evaluate the time of eruption. Results: The mean time of permanent mandibular first molar eruption in girls was 6.7 ± 0.9 and in boys 6.9 ± 0.7 and the average time of permanent mandibular central eruption in girls was 6.8 ± 0.8 and in boys was7.2 ± 0.9. The lowest age was related to the permanent mandibular first molar in girls and the highest age was related to the permanent mandibular centrals in boys. Conclusion: In girls and boys, permanent mandibular first molar erupted earlier than permanent mandibular central And the time of eruption of these teeth in girls was earlier than boys. Permanent mandibular first molar had the lowest mean age of eruption in girls and permanent mandibular central had the highest mean age of eruption in boys.  }, Keywords = {eruption time, central, molar, mandible.}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shafizadeh, M and Farajollahi, M and AshrafAivazi, A and Abdal, Kh}, title = {Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students and general dentists about the importance of fluoride therapy in 3-6 year old children in Ilam}, abstract ={Introduction: Fluoride therapy has been proven as a safe and highly effective method in prevention and controls of dental caries.Considering this, it is important for dentists to be aware of fluoride effect and its proper use. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of dental students and general dentists about the importance of fluoride therapy, methods of application and application in children aged 3-6 years in Ilam. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 136 dental students and general dentists in Ilam . Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and ANOVA at a significant level of P <0.05. Results: The knowledge of general dentists and students about fluoride prescribing for different ages was almost the same  and the knowledge of general dentists was slightly different from the knowledge of students which was not significant(P=0.22). The majority of general dentists prescribed fluoride For 6-12 years old children. There was no significant difference between fluoride therapy in different age groups between students and general dentists (P = 0.75). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that knowledge and attitude of students and general dentists about fluoride therapy is acceptable. And the majority of general dentists and dental students recommended fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash for fluoride therapy at home.  }, Keywords = {Fluoride Therapy, Knowledge, Dental Students, General Dentists}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-35}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Razmjouei, F and Shahvaranfard, M and Rafiee, A}, title = {Remineralization potential of four Iranian toothpastes on initial carious lesions in primary teeth}, abstract ={Introduction: Daily use of toothpastes are one the most common routes of dental caries prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four Iranian fluoridated toothpastes on remineralization of incipient caries lesions in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 60 sound primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 teeth each: 1) Pooneh toothpaste, 2) Nasim toothpaste, 3) Crend toothpaste, 4) Irox toothpaste, 5) Oral B toothpaste, and 6) Negative control. Enamel microhardness (EMH) was measured in all samples at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28-day remineralization. All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. Results: EMH values decreased significantly in all groups after demineralization. The mean microhardness values after demineralization were not significantly different in intervention groups (p= 0.45). The remineralization process significantly increased microhardness in all groups (p <0.04). The mean microhardness values in Oral B toothpaste group were significantly higher than Crend, Nasim and Irox toothpaste groups (p = 0.012, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively), but there was no significant difference between Oral B and Pooneh toothpaste group (p = 0.216). Crend, Nasim, Irox toothpastes did not show significantly different EMH values. Conclusion: In this study, all fluoridated Iranian toothpastes increased microhardness of demineralized enamel surface. However, the efficacy of Oral B and Pooneh toothpastes for remineralizing of demineralized primary tooth enamel was greater than Crend, Nasim and Irox toothpastes.  }, Keywords = {toothpaste, fluoride, primary teeth, microhardnes}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {36-46}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Nazari, A and Mohammadi, F and Shafiei, E and Najafi, R and Abdal, Kh}, title = {Cross-sectional study of DMFT index in children and adolescents (9-18 years old) with type 1 diabetes, compared with healthy children in Ilam in 1399}, abstract ={Introduction: Diabetes  mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels (due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance, or both). The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of DMFT index in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in comparison with healthy children in Ilam province. Matearils and Methods: The study is a comparative study. The sample size for this study was 160 cases  including all children and adolescents aged 9-18 years, 80 patients with type 1 diabetes (case group) and 80 healthy cases (control group) who were similar in age and sex. A written consent and a researcher-made questionnaire were completed by the two groups. The analysis was performed using chi-square, independent t-test, and correlation coefficient in SPSS 22 and Graphpad Prism8 software. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 13.4±3 in the diabetic group and 12.8±2.9 years in the healthy group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The number of DMFT teeth in children with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than healthy children (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between the number of decayed teeth and HbA1c (r = 0.3, P = 0.004). Also, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between DMFT and HbA1c (r = 0.36, P = 0.001). Conclusion: In this study (DMFT) was higher in the diabetic group than in the healthy group. A direct correlation was also  seen between HBA1C and (DMFT).  }, Keywords = {DMFT index, Type 1 diabetes, caries, insulin , children}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-351-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-351-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shamsi, A and Esmaili, S and HaghiAshtiani, G and Mokhtari, N and Mahmudi, S}, title = {Assessment of mineralization and developmental stage of homologues mandibular first and second molars using panoramic radiographs and Demirjian\'s method in 5 to 12 years old children}, abstract ={Background: Assessment of dental developmental stage is more valuable than tooth eruption because the duration of tooth eruption is short and is determined by the appearance of tooth in the oral cavity. Among the different methods that could be used to determine the developmental stage of teeth, the Demirjian’s method has been extensively applied. Methods: This retrospective study selected 300 panoramic radiographs of 5 to 12-year-old Iranians obtained from Radiology Department of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2020. The developmental stage of homologous mandibular first and second molars teeth were scored based on Demirjian’s stages. Results: Significant difference was noted in developmental stage of first and second molars in right and left side among different age groups. According to the results, there was not a significant difference in developmental stage of first molars in right and left side between two genders while the difference in this regard between the mandibular right and left second molars between two genders was significant. Moreover, there was a significant difference in development of molars between four distributed age groups for each gender. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, evolution of mandibular first and second molar is not an appropriate indicator for gender segregation in children under 12 years old, but it can be used in ages estimation. Therefore, it can be concluded that gender is an impactful factor on the growth process of the second molar on the left and right in this age group.  }, Keywords = {Mineralization, Homologous teeth, Demirjian’s Method, Panoramic Radiographs}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {55-76}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ansarinia, A}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-79}, publisher = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, url = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://jiapd.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry}, issn = {1735-8434}, eissn = {1735-8434}, year = {2022} }