بررسی میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد والدین دانش آموزان دبستان درباره شیارپوش Knowledge, attitude and practice of students’ parents about fissure sealant 1 1 زمینه و هدف:استفاده از شیارپوشیکی از روش های پیشگیری از پوسیدگی دندانی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد والدین دانش آموزان دبستانهای شهر کرج در باره شیارپوش در سال 1395 انجام گرفت. مواد و روشها:در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی، تعداد 384 والد ارزیابی شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود. به وسیله معاینه مستقیم دانش آموزان وضعیت پوسیدگی دندانی و اعمال شیارپوش ثبت گردید. به منظور بررسی رابطه بین متغیرهای دموگرافیکی و متغیرهای وابسته از کورلاسیون اسپیرمن استفاده شد. به منظور تعیین همبستگی دو طرفه بین نمرات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. یافتهها: بیش از نیمی از دانش آموزان دارای پوسیدگی دندان آسیای اول دائمی بودند. 7/10 درصد دانش آموزان دارای شیارپوش بودند. میانگین نمره آگاهی والدین دانش آموزان از8، 84/1±18/4 و در حد متوسطبود. آگاهی والدین در مورد شیارپوش با شغل و توانایی پرداخت هزینه والدین رابطه معنی دار داشت. میانگین نمره نگرش والدین 12/3 ± 36/29 و در حد خوب بود. نگرش والدین در مورد شیارپوش با تحصیلات، شغل، و توانایی پرداخت هزینه، والدین رابطه معنی دار داشت. میانگین نمره عملکرد والدین 5/2±7/16 و در حد خوب بود. عملکرد والدین در مورد شیارپوش با شغل والدین رابطه معنی دار داشت. رابطه آگاهی با نگرش، رابطه آگاهی با عملکرد و رابطه نگرش با عملکرد معنی دار بود. نتیجه گیری:نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد عملکرد و نگرش والدین دانش آموزان شهر کرج در مورد استفاده از شیارپوش نسبتاً بالا بوده ولی آگاهی در این زمینه متوسط بود. 2 Background: Using fissure sealant is a main method to prevent the occlusal dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice students’ parents of Karaj city about fissure sealant in 2017. Materials and methods: In this analytical descriptive research, 384 parents were evaluated. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Students, dental caries and use of fissure sealant were recorded by direct examination of the students. Spearman Correlation was used to study the relationship between demographic variables and dependent variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the two-way correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice scores. Results: More than half of students had dental caries on their first permanent molar. Frequency of fissure sealant using was 10.7%. The mean score of the parents' knowledge was 4.18 ± 1.84out of 8 and was at a medium level. Parents' awareness of the use of fissure sealant was significantly related to occupation, number of children and parent’s education. The mean score of the parents' attitude was 29.36±3.12 in good level. Parents' attitudes were significantly related to the occupation and education of parents. The average practice score of the parents was 16.7±2.5 and was in good level. Parents' practice was significantly associated with the occupation of the parents. The relationship between knowledge and attitude, the relationship between knowledge and practice, and attitude with the performance were significant. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the practice and attitude of students, parents of Karaj city regarding use of fissure sealant were relatively high, but awareness was medium. 1 10 2018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/22 1397/6/31 سمیه خرمیان طوسی S Khoramiyan tousi iran ایران عبدالرضا فرهادی A Farhadi iran ایران احمد جعفری A Jafari iran ایران غلامعلی نجفی Gh Najafi iran ایران Keywords: Knowledge Attitude Practice Parents Fissure Sealant Students آگاهی نگرش عملکرد والدین شیارپوش دانش آموزان Locker D, Jokovic A, Kay EJ. Prevention. part 8: The use of pit and fissure sealants in preventing caries in the permanent dentition of children. Br Dent J 2003; 195(7):375-8.##Rozier RG. Effectiveness of methods used by dental professionals for the primary prevention of dental caries. J Dent Educ 2001; 65(10): 1063-72.##Jackson D. Caries experience in English children and young adults during the years 1947-1972. Br Dent J 1974; 137(3): 91- 8.##United States Department of Health and Human Services. Dental treatment needs of United States children 1979-80. The national caries prevalence survey. NIH Pub. No 83. 2246 December (Report).##Harris NO, Garcia-Godoy F, Nathe CN. Primary preventive dentistry. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2008.##Jafari A, Amir Soltani M, Golestan B, Bahrami N. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of students' parents about fissure sealant therapy. Journal of Dental Medicine-Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2010; 23(4): 242-8. [Persian]##Salimi M, Shahbazmoradi S, Bamdadsofi J. Design and construction management approach in the management Likert scale scores. Journal of Management Science 2008; 80:1-8.##Suresh BS, RavishankarTL, Chaitra TR, Mohapatra AK, Gupta V. Mother's knowledge about pre-school child's oral health. J Indian So Perio Pre Dent 2010; 28(4): 282-7.##Asdaq A, NoureleiniS, Amani F, Sadeqimazidi T. The prevalence of dental caries among 6-12 year old students in elementary schools of Ardabil in 1992-92. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2012; 15 (1): 40-5.##Zoashakiani T, Mirzakhan T. In the study of parents' knowledge about the presence of permanent molar teeth and its relation with the health of this tooth in children aged 7-8 years in Mashhad (2005). Journal of Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2006; 30 (3 - 4): 225-32.##Veiga NJ, Pereira CM, Ferreira PC, Correia IJ. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in a Portuguese Sample of Adolescents. PLOS ONE, 2015; 10(3): 1-7.##Ayo-Yusuf OA, Okagbare TE, Ayo-Yusuf IJ. Prevalence and socio-economicdisparities in fissure sealantplacement among adolescents in theLimpopo Province, South Africa. SADJ, 2011; 66(8): 380-6.##Oulis CJ, Berdouses ED, Homata EM, Polychronopoulou A. Prevalence of sealants in relation to dental caries on the permanent molars of 12 and 15-year-old Greek adolescents. A national pathfinder survey. Ouliset al. BMC Public Health 2011; 11(100): 1-7.##Nagaveni NB, Radhika NB, Umashankar KV. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents Regarding Primary Teeth Care of their Children in Davangere city, India. Pesq Bras OdontopedClinIntegrJoão Pessoa 2011; 11(1): 129-32.##BaradaranNakhjavani Y, Forutan S, BaradaranNakhjavani F. Mothers' knowledge about fluoride therapy and fissure sealants. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2013; 2(1): 1-5.##Saldūnaitė K, Bendoraitienė ED, Slabšinskienė E, Vasiliauskienė I, Andruškevičienė V, Zūbienė J. The role of parental education and socioeconomic status in dental caries prevention among Lithuanian children. Medicina 2014; 50: 156-61.##Locker D, Jokovic A, Kay EJ. Prevention. part 8: The use of pit and fissure sealants in preventing caries in the permanent dentition of children. Br Dent J 2003; 195(7):375-8.##Rozier RG. Effectiveness of methods used by dental professionals for the primary prevention of dental caries. J Dent Educ 2001; 65(10): 1063-72.##Jackson D. Caries experience in English children and young adults during the years 1947-1972. Br Dent J 1974; 137(3): 91- 8.##United States Department of Health and Human Services. Dental treatment needs of United States children 1979-80. The national caries prevalence survey. NIH Pub. No 83. 2246 December (Report).##Harris NO, Garcia-Godoy F, Nathe CN. Primary preventive dentistry. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2008.##Jafari A, Amir Soltani M, Golestan B, Bahrami N. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of students' parents about fissure sealant therapy. Journal of Dental Medicine-Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2010; 23(4): 242-8. [Persian]##Salimi M, Shahbazmoradi S, Bamdadsofi J. Design and construction management approach in the management Likert scale scores. Journal of Management Science 2008; 80:1-8.##Suresh BS, RavishankarTL, Chaitra TR, Mohapatra AK, Gupta V. Mother's knowledge about pre-school child's oral health. J Indian So Perio Pre Dent 2010; 28(4): 282-7.##Asdaq A, NoureleiniS, Amani F, Sadeqimazidi T. The prevalence of dental caries among 6-12 year old students in elementary schools of Ardabil in 1992-92. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2012; 15 (1): 40-5.##Zoashakiani T, Mirzakhan T. In the study of parents' knowledge about the presence of permanent molar teeth and its relation with the health of this tooth in children aged 7-8 years in Mashhad (2005). Journal of Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2006; 30 (3 - 4): 225-32.##Veiga NJ, Pereira CM, Ferreira PC, Correia IJ. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in a Portuguese Sample of Adolescents. PLOS ONE, 2015; 10(3): 1-7.##Ayo-Yusuf OA, Okagbare TE, Ayo-Yusuf IJ. Prevalence and socio-economicdisparities in fissure sealantplacement among adolescents in theLimpopo Province, South Africa. SADJ, 2011; 66(8): 380-6.##Oulis CJ, Berdouses ED, Homata EM, Polychronopoulou A. Prevalence of sealants in relation to dental caries on the permanent molars of 12 and 15-year-old Greek adolescents. A national pathfinder survey. Ouliset al. BMC Public Health 2011; 11(100): 1-7.##Nagaveni NB, Radhika NB, Umashankar KV. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents Regarding Primary Teeth Care of their Children in Davangere city, India. Pesq Bras OdontopedClinIntegrJoão Pessoa 2011; 11(1): 129-32.##BaradaranNakhjavani Y, Forutan S, BaradaranNakhjavani F. Mothers' knowledge about fluoride therapy and fissure sealants. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2013; 2(1): 1-5.##Saldūnaitė K, Bendoraitienė ED, Slabšinskienė E, Vasiliauskienė I, Andruškevičienė V, Zūbienė J. The role of parental education and socioeconomic status in dental caries prevention among Lithuanian children. Medicina 2014; 50: 156-61.## ##

بررسی مقایسه ای نوع قند،میزان pH و ویسکوزیته مکمل های مایع خوراکی رایج در کودکان Evaluation of sugar type, the pH, and the viscosity in the most common liquid supplementation in children 1 1 زمینه و هدف:کاربرد مکمل های خوراکی همچون قطره های آهن، قطره هایAD، و مولتی ویتامین در کودکان زیر دو سال در کشور ما به عنوان سیاست ملی در حال انجام است. با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت مصرف مکمل های تغدیه ای در کودکان و کمبودتحقیقات در زمینه نوع قند و میزان اسیدیته و ویسکوزیته مکمل های تولید شده در داخل کشور، تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین نوع قند، میزانpH و میزان ویسکوزیته مکمل های تغذیه ای رایج در کودکان صورت پذیرفت. مواد و روشها:در این مطالعه تجربی، بر اساس آمارنامه دارویی سازمان غذا و داروی کشور، لیست مکمل های مایع خوراکی در کودکان استخراج و بر اساس بیشترین تعداد مصرف سالیانه (داروهای با بیش از یک میلیون قلم فروش در سال) 50 داروی اول بصورت سرشماری وارد مطالعه شدند. با استعلام از پزشکان متخصص کودکان حاضر در مرکز طبی کودکان و نیز مسوولین داروخانه های انتخابی از شهر تهران، از لیست مورد نظر داروهایی که بصورت رایج تجویز می شدند یا مورد تقاضا بودند،تعیین گردید. در نهایت 24 دارو انتخاب و از هر دارو چهار نمونه تهیه شد. در مرحله بعد به بررسی نوع قند بر اساس اطلاعات همراه بسته بندی دارو، اندازه گیریpH با استفاده از دستگاهpp-15 pH meter و اندازه گیری ویسکوزیته دارو با استفاده از دستگاهDial Reading Viscometer پرداختیم. یافته ها با استفاده از روش های آماری توصیفی بررسی شدند. یافتهها:از بین 24 داروی مورد بررسی، تنها شش دارو به نوع قند موجود در ترکیب (سدیم ساخارین) اشاره کرده بودند و سایر داروها اطلاعاتی در این زمینه ارائه نکرده بودند. از لحاظ اسیدیته داروها، تمامی داروها در pH بحرانی (پایین تر از 5/5) قرار داشتند. میانگینpH در قطره های12/4 AD ، در قطره های آهن 9/1، در قطره های مولتی ویتامین 2/3 و در سایر داروهای مکمل 0/4 بود. میانگین ویسکوزیته داروها در مجموع پایین و مطلوب و در حد میلی پاسکال در ثانیه بود. میانگین ویسکوزیته در قطره های1/38 AD، در قطره های آهن 4/22، در قطره های مولتی ویتامین 6/38 و در سایر داروهای مکمل 3/27 میلی پاسکال ثانیه بود. نتیجه گیری:با توجه به فقدان اطلاعات مناسب در بسته بندی داروهای مورد بررسی لازم است، شرکت های دارویی در این زمینه اقدامات مناسبی را جهت آگاهی بخشی به والدین صورت دهند که امکان انتخاب مکملهایی که با خطر پوسیدگی کمتری همراه هستند، برای افراد میسر باشد. همچنینpH پایین تر از حد بحرانی در تمامی داروها لزوم ارائه استانداردهای لازم از سوی شرکتهای دارویی تولید کننده در این خصوص و نیز رعایت اقدامات پیشگیرانه از سوی والدین به منظور کاهش خطرات ناشی ازاسیدیته پایین مکمل ها را پررنگ تر می کند. با توجه به ویسکوزیته نسبتا مطلوب داروهای مورد بررسی به نظر می رسد آنچه بیش از همه در خصوص پتانسیل پوسیدگی زایی و اروژن مکمل ها اهمیت دارد pH داروهاست. 2 Background:As a national policy all Iranian children under two-years-old should consume oral supplements such as iron, A+D vitamin, and multivitamin drops. Sugars and acids are widely used in pediatric medications including supplements, and long-term consumption of these drugs is associated with higher risk of dental decay and erosion. Consideraing the importance of nutritional supplementation for children, and the lack of research regarding sugar type, amount of acidity and viscosity of Iranian medications, the aim of the present study is to determine the sugar type, pH, and viscosity in common nutritional supplements in children. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, we extract the first fifty liquid pediatric medications (more than a million pack sales in one year), according to the Pharmaceutical Statistics of Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran. By asking pediatricians from Childern’s Medical Center and Phamacists from the selected pharmacies in Tehran, the most prescribed and sold pediatric liquid oral supplements were determined. Filnally we selected 24 supplements and two samples of each medicine were provided. In the next step we determined the sugar type based on labeling information, the pH using the pH meter pp-15 device, and the viscosity by Dial Reading Viscometer device. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results:From 24 supplements, only six medications offered information about the sugar component (sodium saccharin) and the others provide none information. In terms of the acidity of the drugs, all drugs placed in the critical pH (lower than 5.5). The mean of pH in AD drops, iron drops, multivitamin drops, and other supplements were 4.12, 1.9, 3.2, and 4, respectively. In addition, the mean of viscosity in all medications was low and desirable, which in millipascal-second (mPa-s). level. The mean of viscosity in AD drops, iron drops, multivitamin drops, and other supplements were 38.1, 22.4, 38.6, and 27.3 mPa-s, respectively. Conclusion:Due to the lack of appropriate information on the labeling of the supplements, the pharmaceutical companies should offer sufficient information about their products to increase the awareness of parents to choose supplements with less risk of dental caries. Considering the pH was lower than the critical level in all medications, providing necessary standards by the pharmaceutical companies enjoys a special importance. In addition, applying the preventive dental care after supplements consumption by parents should be adviced. Due to the favorable viscosity levels of the supplements, it seems that the pH of the drug is the most important factor regarding dental caries and erosion 11 24 2018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 سمانه رازقی S Razeghi Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دکتر حسین حصاری H Hesari Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ایران اریج خطاب E Khatab Dentist, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ایران محمد جواد خرازی فرد M Kharazi fard Epidemiologist, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ایران Keywords:Erosion dental caries pediatric medication supplementation کلمات کلیدی:اروژن پوسیدگی دندان دارو مکمل کودکان Al-Malik MI, Holt RD, Bedi R. The relationship between erosion, caries and rampant caries and dietary habits in preschool children in Saudi Arabia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001 Nov;11(6):430-9.##Ismail AI. The role of early dietary habits in dental caries development. Spec Care Dentist. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1):40-5.##Kazoullis S, Seow WK, Holcombe T, Newman B, Ford D. Common dental conditions associated with dental erosion in schoolchildren in Australia. Pediatr Dent. 2007; 29:33-9.##Pasdar N, Alaghehmand H, Mottaghi F, Tavassoli M. Experimental study of iron and multivitamin drops on enamel microhardness of primary tooth. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015 Nov-Dec;5(6):518-24.##Tupalli AR, Satish B, Shetty BR, Battu S, Kumar JP, Nagaraju B. Evaluation of the Erosive Potential of Various Pediatric Liquid Medicaments: An in-vitro Study. J Int Oral Health. 2014 Feb;6(1):59-65. Epub 2014 Feb 26.##Maguire A, Baqir W, Nunn JH. Are sugars-free medicines more erosive than sugars-containing medicines? An in vitro study of paediatric medicines with prolonged oral clearance used regularly and long-term by children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007 Jul;17(4):231-8.##Gurgel CV, Rios D, de Oliveira TM, Tessarolli V, Carvalho FP, Machado MA. Risk factors for dental erosion in a group of 12- and 16-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2011;21(1):50-7.##Hunter ML, West NX, Hughes JA, Newcombe RG, Addy M. Relative susceptibility of deciduous and permanent dental hard tissues to erosion by a low pH fruit drink in vitro. J Dent. 2000 May;28(4):265-70.##Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analyses of the Erosive Effect of Dietary Substances and Medications on Deciduous Teeth. PLoS One. 2015;10(12): e0143957.##Greenwood ME, Feigal R, Messer H. Cariogenic Potential of Liquid Medications in Rats. Caries Res. 1984; 18:447-9.##Mackie IC, Hobson P. Factor Affecting the Availability of Sugar-Free Medicines for Children: A Survey in UK. Int J Pediatr Dent. 1993; 3:163-7.##Rekola M. In-vivo Acid Production from Medicines in Syrup Form. Caries Res. 1989; 23:412-6.##Babu KL, Rai K, Hedge AM. Pediatric Liquid Medications: Do They Erode the Teeth Surface? An In-vitro Study, Part I. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2008;32(3):189-94.##Zero DT. Etiology of dental erosion--extrinsic factors. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996 Apr;104(2 (Pt 2)):162-77.##Eskandarian T, Motamedifar M, Hekmatfar S, Tamaddon AM. Comparison of the Effect of Three Types of Iron Drops on Surface Roughness of Deciduous Teeth in a Simulated Cariogenic Environment. J Dent Sch (Shahid Beheshti University of M ##

بررسی رابطه بین سواد اطلاعات سلامت والدین با وضعیتبهداشت دهان و دندان دانش آموزان Studying the relationship between parents health information literacy and students’ oral health 1 1 زمینه و هدف:هدف از این تحقیق بررسی رابطه بین سواد اطلاعات سلامت والدین با وضعیت بهداشت دهان و دندان دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی آموزش‌وپرورش ناحیه دو کرمان در سال تحصیلی 1394-1395 است. مواد و روشها:روش تحقیق توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. با استفاده از جدول مورگان حجم نمونه 370 نفر برآورد شد، که در نهایت 332 نفر به پرسشنامه‌ها بهطور کامل پاسخ دادند. روش نمونهگیری خوشه‌ای بود. نتایج با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSPSS نسخه 21 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتهها:نتایج نشان داد که بین سواد اطلاعات سلامت والدین با وضعیت بهداشت دهان و دندان دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی رابطه مثبت وجود دارد. در رابطه چند متغیری، تصمیم‌گیری و رفتار، ارزیابی، فهم و درک، دسترسی و خواندن، به ترتیب بیشترین رابطه را با متغیر سلامت دهان و دندان داشتند. نتیجه گیری:افزایش سواد سلامت والدین، رفتار مناسب والدین را به دنبال دارد و باعث بهبود و افزایش رفتارهای مناسب در جهت بهبود بهداشت دهان و دندان میشود. 2 Background:The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between parents' health information literacy and the oral health status of elementary school students in Education District 2 Kerman in 1394-95. Materials and methods: The research method is descriptive correlational. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of 370 people was estimated, of which 332 responded to the questionnaire in full. Cluster sampling method is used. The results were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS 21 software. Results:The results showed that there is a positive relationship between parents' health information literacy and oral health status among elementary students. In the multi-variable relationship, decision making and behavior, assessment, understanding and comprehension, access, and reading, respectively, had the most relationship with the oral health variable. Conclusion:Therefore, it can be concluded that increasing parental health literacy leads to proper parenting behavior and improves behaviors to improve oral and dental health. 25 36 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 مژده سلاجقه M Salajegheh iran ایران غلامرضا خالویی Gh Khalooyi iran ایران بتول زنگی آبادی B Zangiabadi iran ایران Keywords:parents information health literacy student oral and dental health. Oral health Health literacy کلمات کلیدی:سواد اطلاعات سلامت بهداشت دهان و دندان دانش آموزان 1.Karbasi, Z. and Khajouei, R. Studying of Internet Use for Searching health Information by Dentist Students in Kerman Medical University. National Library Conference of Library and Health Information Literacy in Society 1394, 6-7 Khordad.##2.Haerian Ardakani, A. etal. Studying relationship between health Literacy and reported self-efficacy with Oral Health. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht 1393, 13(5).##3.Askari, S. Studying Health Literacy of Periodontal Patients Referring to Yazd Sedoughi Hospital. Ph. D. Thesis, 1388. Dental College, Yazd Medical Science University.##4.Falahinejad Ghajari, M. And Et Al. Comparing Attitude Awareness and Performance relative to Dental and Oral Health in Parents of Children with Heart Disease in Comparison with Parents of Healthy Children. Dental Journal of Dentists Association, 1392, 25(4): 317-321. ##5.Goodarzi, A. and et al. Health literacy and oral health in elementary school students in the fourteenth district of Tehran. Journal of Military Care, 1394, 2(6): 229-237.##6.Petersen, P. E., Peng B, Tai B, Bian Z. Effect of a school – based oral health education programme in Whuan City, People Republic of China. Int. Dent. J. 2004, 54:33-41.##7.Smyth E, Caama F, FernÃ¡ndez-Riveiro P. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practice in 12-year-old schoolchildren. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2007, 2(8):614-20.##8.Mohebbi S.Z, et al. Early childhood caries and dental plaque among 1-3-year-olds in Tehran, Iran. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 2006, 24(4): 23-31.##9.Lloyd A, Maternal knowledge, attitudes and practices and health outcomes of their preschool-age children in urban and rural Karnataka, University of South Florida, India. 2009.##10.Topaloglu-AK & et al,. Managing dental caries in children in Turkey-a discussion paper. BMC Oral Health 2009, 9(1):32.##11.Saied-Moallemi, Z, et al. Influence of mothers oral health knowledge and attitudes on their children dental health. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 2008, 9(2): 79-83.##12.Bozorgmehr, E, Haji zamani, A, Malek Mohammadi, T. Oral health behavior of parents as a predictor of oral health status of their children. ISRN Dentistry 2013, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741783.##13.Sabbahi D.A., Lawrence H.P. Development and evaluation of an oral health literacy instrument for adults. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2012, 37: 451-62.##14.Lee, Y. L., et al. The relationship of oral health literacy and self efficacy with oral health status and dental neglect. Am. J. Public Health 2012, 102: 923-29.##15.Perrine, C., Hossain, D. & Cumming, K. Nursing student information Literacy skills Prior to and after information Literacy instruction. International Lifelong Learning Conference 2008, 46(3): 208-12##16.Poutanen, R., Lahti, S., Hausen, H. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among 11 to 12-year-old Finnish school children with different oral health behaviors. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica .2005, 63(1): 10-6.##17.Bruce, C.S., Information literacy as a catalyst for education change:A background paper. White paper prepared for UNESCO, the U.S national commission on libraries & information Science, & the national Forum on information literacy, for use at information literacy meeting of experts, Prague 2006, 63(1): 10-6.##18.Poutanen, R, Lahti S, Tolvanen, M, Hausen, H.. Parental influence on children's oral health-related behavior. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2006, 64(5): 286-92.##19.Atchison, et al. Screening for oral health literacy in an urban dental clinic. J. Public Health Dent. 2010. 70(4): 269-75.##20.Lee J.Y., et al.. Development of a Word Recognition Instrument to Test Health Literacy in Dentistry: The REALD-30 A Brief Communication. J. Public Health Dent. 2007, 67(2): 94-98.##21.Montazeri, A. et al. Outbound Design of Health Literacy Tool in Urban Population of Iran. Journal of Health Monitor (Payesh), journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, 1393, 13(5): 589-600.##22.Torabi, M. et al. Determining the level of knowledge and performance of parents in the field of oral health of 7-year-old children. Journal of Iran Dental, 1387, 9(1): 21-22.######23.Al-Oufi and Omar;Ola M.. Oral Health Knowledge and Practices of Mothers toward Their Children’s Oral Health in Al Madinah BJMMR 2016, 15(10): 1-10.##24.Nagarajappa R, Kakatkar G, Sharda AJ, Asawa K, Ramesh G, Sandesh N. Infant oral health: Knowledge, attitude and practices of parents in Udaipur. India. Dent Res J 2013, 10(5):659##25. Jones, M; Lee, J.Y.; & Rosier, R.G.. Oral health literacy among adult patients seeking dental care. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2007, 138(9): 1199-1208.##26.Rothe, V. et al. Effectiveness of a presentation on infant oral health care for parents. International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 2010, 20(1): 37-42##27.Parker, E. J.; & Jamieson, L. M. Associations between Indigenous Australian oral health literacy and self-reported oral health outcomes. BMC Oral Health 2010, 10(3):1-8.####1.Karbasi, Z. and Khajouei, R. Studying of Internet Use for Searching health Information by Dentist Students in Kerman Medical University. National Library Conference of Library and Health Information Literacy in Society 1394, 6-7 Khordad.##2.Haerian Ardakani, A. etal. Studying relationship between health Literacy and reported self-efficacy with Oral Health. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht 1393, 13(5).##3.Askari, S. Studying Health Literacy of Periodontal Patients Referring to Yazd Sedoughi Hospital. Ph. D. Thesis, 1388. Dental College, Yazd Medical Science University.##4.Falahinejad Ghajari, M. And Et Al. Comparing Attitude Awareness and Performance relative to Dental and Oral Health in Parents of Children with Heart Disease in Comparison with Parents of Healthy Children. Dental Journal of Dentists Association, 1392, 25(4): 317-321. ##5.Goodarzi, A. and et al. Health literacy and oral health in elementary school students in the fourteenth district of Tehran. Journal of Military Care, 1394, 2(6): 229-237.##6.Petersen, P. E., Peng B, Tai B, Bian Z. Effect of a school – based oral health education programme in Whuan City, People Republic of China. Int. Dent. J. 2004, 54:33-41.##7.Smyth E, Caama F, FernÃ¡ndez-Riveiro P. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practice in 12-year-old schoolchildren. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2007, 2(8):614-20.##8.Mohebbi S.Z, et al. Early childhood caries and dental plaque among 1-3-year-olds in Tehran, Iran. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 2006, 24(4): 23-31.##9.Lloyd A, Maternal knowledge, attitudes and practices and health outcomes of their preschool-age children in urban and rural Karnataka, University of South Florida, India. 2009.##10.Topaloglu-AK & et al,. Managing dental caries in children in Turkey-a discussion paper. BMC Oral Health 2009, 9(1):32.##11.Saied-Moallemi, Z, et al. Influence of mothers oral health knowledge and attitudes on their children dental health. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 2008, 9(2): 79-83.##12.Bozorgmehr, E, Haji zamani, A, Malek Mohammadi, T. Oral health behavior of parents as a predictor of oral health status of their children. ISRN Dentistry 2013, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741783.##13.Sabbahi D.A., Lawrence H.P. Development and evaluation of an oral health literacy instrument for adults. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2012, 37: 451-62.##14.Lee, Y. L., et al. The relationship of oral health literacy and self efficacy with oral health status and dental neglect. Am. J. Public Health 2012, 102: 923-29.##15.Perrine, C., Hossain, D. & Cumming, K. Nursing student information Literacy skills Prior to and after information Literacy instruction. International Lifelong Learning Conference 2008, 46(3): 208-12##16.Poutanen, R., Lahti, S., Hausen, H. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among 11 to 12-year-old Finnish school children with different oral health behaviors. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica .2005, 63(1): 10-6.##17.Bruce, C.S., Information literacy as a catalyst for education change:A background paper. White paper prepared for UNESCO, the U.S national commission on libraries & information Science, & the national Forum on information literacy, for use at information literacy meeting of experts, Prague 2006, 63(1): 10-6.##18.Poutanen, R, Lahti S, Tolvanen, M, Hausen, H.. Parental influence on children's oral health-related behavior. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2006, 64(5): 286-92.##19.Atchison, et al. Screening for oral health literacy in an urban dental clinic. J. Public Health Dent. 2010. 70(4): 269-75.##20.Lee J.Y., et al.. Development of a Word Recognition Instrument to Test Health Literacy in Dentistry: The REALD-30 A Brief Communication. J. Public Health Dent. 2007, 67(2): 94-98.##21.Montazeri, A. et al. Outbound Design of Health Literacy Tool in Urban Population of Iran. Journal of Health Monitor (Payesh), journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, 1393, 13(5): 589-600.##22.Torabi, M. et al. Determining the level of knowledge and performance of parents in the field of oral health of 7-year-old children. Journal of Iran Dental, 1387, 9(1): 21-22.######23.Al-Oufi and Omar;Ola M.. Oral Health Knowledge and Practices of Mothers toward Their Children’s Oral Health in Al Madinah BJMMR 2016, 15(10): 1-10.##24.Nagarajappa R, Kakatkar G, Sharda AJ, Asawa K, Ramesh G, Sandesh N. Infant oral health: Knowledge, attitude and practices of parents in Udaipur. India. Dent Res J 2013, 10(5):659##25. Jones, M; Lee, J.Y.; & Rosier, R.G.. Oral health literacy among adult patients seeking dental care. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2007, 138(9): 1199-1208.##26.Rothe, V. et al. Effectiveness of a presentation on infant oral health care for parents. International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 2010, 20(1): 37-42##27.Parker, E. J.; & Jamieson, L. M. Associations between Indigenous Australian oral health literacy and self-reported oral health outcomes. BMC Oral Health 2010, 10(3):1-8.## ##

بررسی رابطه‌ی بین ترس و همکاری کودکان در هنگام انجام درمانهای دندانپزشکی با سلامت عمومی والدین Evaluation of relationship between the children's dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment with the parents’ general health 1 1 زمینه و هدف:امروزه، توجه والدین به سلامتکودکان، افزایش پیدا کردهاست. میزان همکاری کودکان در انتخابروش‌ درمانیمناسب تاثیر بهسزایی دارد. افرادیکه بیشترین تماس را باکودکان دارند، والدین آن‌ها میباشند. دراین مطالعه ما به بررسی ارتباط بین ترس و‌ همکاری کودکان با سلامت عمومی والدین آن‌ها پرداختهایم. مواد و روشها:در‌این مطالعه مقطعی توصیفی193کودک در دو گروه سنی 4تا6 و 6تا12 ساله مراجعه کننده به یک مطب خصوصی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در ابتدا برای ارزیابی ترس از دندانپزشکی از پرسشنامه ی استاندارد ترس در شاخه دندانپزشکی (CFSS-DS) استفاده‌شد. برای بررسی میزان همکاری کودک برای معاینات و اقدامات دندانپزشکی از شاخص همکاری فرانکل استفاده شد. درنهایت ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و سلامت عمومی والدین با استفاده از پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی (GHQ)بررسی‌گردید. نتایج بعد از جمع‌آوری توسط نرم افزار SPSS مورد اررزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتهها:: با توجه به نتایج، در رابطه با همکاری و سلامت عمومی، میزان سلامت عمومی والدین با افزایش همکاری کودک، ارتباطی مشاهده نمی‌شود (P = 0.830). رابطه ترس کودکان با جنسیت آن‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت که در دوگروهی که ترس داشتند و نداشتند، تفاوت معناداری از لحاظ آماری مشاهده نشد. (P = 0.193). در مقایسه‌ی انجام شده بین همکاری کودکان و سن آن‌ها، در دوگروه سنی، میزان همکاری با افزایش سن، افزایش پیدا کرد که ازلحاظ آماری نیز قابل توجه بود (P=0/02). نتیجه گیری:با توجه به نتایج، در ارتباط با سلامت عمومی والدین و ترس و همکاری کودکان، ارتباط معناداری مشاهده نشد. اما نشان دادهشد که با افزایش سن کودکانمیزان همکاری آن‌ها نیز افزایش پیدا می‌کند. 2 Background:The children's cooperation level affects choosing the appropriate treatment plan and the outcome. Undoubtedly, they have the most communication with parents, whose attention towards the children's oral health is increasingly growing. This study evaluated the relationship between the children's dental fear and cooperation with their parents' general health. Materials and methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 193 children in two age groups of 4-6 and 6-12-year-old. The Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Frankle's behavior rating scale were used to respectively assess the children’s dental fear and degree of cooperation with dental examinations and practices. Moreover, the parents' personality traits and general health was assessed by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS software through T-test and ANOVA. Results:The parents' general health rate was 68.2% in the group with dental fear and 65.9% in the group who had no dental fear, with no significant difference. Nor was it correlated with the child's cooperation level (P=0.830). Dental fear was not correlated with sex, as it was reported by 14.2% of boys and 8.1% of girls (P=0.193). However, Frankle's rate revealed a significant correlation between the children's age and cooperation; the older group being far more cooperative than the youngers (P=0.02). Conclusion:The current findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between the parents' general health and the children’s cooperation. Yet, the children's age is directly correlated with their level of cooperation. 37 42 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 سعید باقی S Baghi iran ایران محمدامین آماره M Amareh iran ایران رها حیرت R Heirat iran ایران عبدالله حاجی وندی A Hajivandi iran ایران یاسمینا عالی زاده Y Aalizadeh iran ایران Keywords:Anxiety Dentistry Dental Fear General Health Cooperation کلمات کلیدی:اضطراب دندانپزشکی ترس سلامت عمومی همکاری Tabatabei SM, Nematollahi H, Shakerimanesh F. Evaluation of children's behavior in dentistry clinics and their relationship with mothers personality traits. Jornal of faculty of dentistry of Mashahd. 2004(5):65-9.##Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. JSR. 2014;14(54):84-90.##Pakdaman F, Mehrabi M, Davoudi I, editors. Relationship between mother's anxiety and dental fear with child anxiety control. 6th International Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 2013: Tabtiz university of medical sciences.##Klingberg G, Raadal M, Arnrup K. Dental fear and behavior management problems. Pediatric dentistry: A Clinical approach. 2009;2:32.##Shahvani M. developmental psychology of adolescence. 2005:256-78.##Dock M. CHAPTER 14 - Pharmacologic Management of Patient Behavior A2 - Dean, Jeffrey A. In: Avery DR, McDonald RE, editors. McDonald and Avery Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (Ninth Edition). Saint Louis: Mosby; 2011. p. 253-76.##Jabarifar SE, Ahmadi Rozbahani N, Hosseini L. A Comparative Evaluation of Fear and Anxiety in (3-6) Year Old Children Following Treatment under General Anesthesia and Outpatient Dental Treatment. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2014;38(1):9-16.##Jafarzadeh Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Yousefi S, Binande ES. Evaluation of the General dentists' attitudes toward non-pharmacological methods of controlling pediatrics' behavior in Isfahan. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2013;26(2):124-30.##Ghasempour M, Hajiahmadi M, Pouriaye vali M. Dental Stress in 12-12 Year Old Children and its Influencing Factors. Jornal of Babol University ofMedical Sciences. 1383(3):12-6.##Taghavi M. Justifiability and validity of general health questionnaire (GHQ). Sixth European Cognitive Assessment Conference; 2-5 Sep; Aachen Germany2001.##Olak J, Saag M, Honkala S, Nõmmela R, Runnel R, Honkala E, et al. Children's dental fear in relation to dental health and parental dental fear. Stomatologija. 2013;15(1):26-31.##Nematollahi H, Mehrabkhani M, Esmaily H-O. Dental Caries Experience and its Relationship to Socio-Economic Factors in 2-6 Year Old Kindergarten Children in Birjand-Iran in 2007. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2008;32(4):325-32.##Aartman I, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs A. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. ASDC journal of dentistry for children. 1998;65(4):252-8, 29-30.##Pinkham JR. Personality development. Managing behavior of the cooperative preschool child. Dental clinics of North America. 1995;39(4):771-87.##Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences clinical psychiatry: Williams & Wilkins Co; 1988.##Klingberg G. Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the DentalSubscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule, CFSS-DS. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 1994;52(4):255-6.##Cuthbert M. A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems. J Dent Child. 1982;49:432-6.##Dean JA. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent-E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.##Frankl S. Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child. 1962;29:150-63.##Goldberg DP. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Maudsley monograph. 1972;21.##Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(4):85-91##Tabatabei SM, Nematollahi H, Shakerimanesh F. Evaluation of children's behavior in dentistry clinics and their relationship with mothers personality traits. Jornal of faculty of dentistry of Mashahd. 2004(5):65-9.##Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. JSR. 2014;14(54):84-90.##Pakdaman F, Mehrabi M, Davoudi I, editors. Relationship between mother's anxiety and dental fear with child anxiety control. 6th International Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 2013: Tabtiz university of medical sciences.##Klingberg G, Raadal M, Arnrup K. Dental fear and behavior management problems. Pediatric dentistry: A Clinical approach. 2009;2:32.##Shahvani M. developmental psychology of adolescence. 2005:256-78.##Dock M. CHAPTER 14 - Pharmacologic Management of Patient Behavior A2 - Dean, Jeffrey A. In: Avery DR, McDonald RE, editors. McDonald and Avery Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (Ninth Edition). Saint Louis: Mosby; 2011. p. 253-76.##Jabarifar SE, Ahmadi Rozbahani N, Hosseini L. A Comparative Evaluation of Fear and Anxiety in (3-6) Year Old Children Following Treatment under General Anesthesia and Outpatient Dental Treatment. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2014;38(1):9-16.##Jafarzadeh Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Yousefi S, Binande ES. Evaluation of the General dentists' attitudes toward non-pharmacological methods of controlling pediatrics' behavior in Isfahan. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2013;26(2):124-30.##Ghasempour M, Hajiahmadi M, Pouriaye vali M. Dental Stress in 12-12 Year Old Children and its Influencing Factors. Jornal of Babol University ofMedical Sciences. 1383(3):12-6.##Taghavi M. Justifiability and validity of general health questionnaire (GHQ). Sixth European Cognitive Assessment Conference; 2-5 Sep; Aachen Germany2001.##Olak J, Saag M, Honkala S, Nõmmela R, Runnel R, Honkala E, et al. Children's dental fear in relation to dental health and parental dental fear. Stomatologija. 2013;15(1):26-31.##Nematollahi H, Mehrabkhani M, Esmaily H-O. Dental Caries Experience and its Relationship to Socio-Economic Factors in 2-6 Year Old Kindergarten Children in Birjand-Iran in 2007. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2008;32(4):325-32.##Aartman I, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs A. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. ASDC journal of dentistry for children. 1998;65(4):252-8, 29-30.##Pinkham JR. Personality development. Managing behavior of the cooperative preschool child. Dental clinics of North America. 1995;39(4):771-87.##Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences clinical psychiatry: Williams & Wilkins Co; 1988.##Klingberg G. Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the DentalSubscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule, CFSS-DS. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 1994;52(4):255-6.##Cuthbert M. A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems. J Dent Child. 1982;49:432-6.##Dean JA. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent-E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.##Frankl S. Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child. 1962;29:150-63.##Goldberg DP. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Maudsley monograph. 1972;21.##Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(4):85-91## ##

شیوع تجویز نابجای آنتی بیوتیکو دهانشویه جهت درمان بیماری پریودنتال توسط دندانپزشکان عمومی The prevalence of inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and mouthwash in periodontal disease among general dentists 1 1 زمینه و هدف:با توجه به تمایل روزافزون دندانپزشکان به استفاده از درمانهای شیمیایی در بیماریهای پریودنتال، موارد تجویز نابجای آنها نیز رو به افزایش است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی شیوع تجویز نابجای آنتی بیوتیک ها و دهانشویه کلرهگزیدین جهت درمان بیماریهای پریودنتال توسط دندانپزشکان عمومی شرکت کننده در کنگره دندانپزشکی کودکان انجام شد. مواد و روشها:این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی با استفاده از دو پرسشنامه بر روی60 دندانپزشک عمومی شرکت کننده در کنگره دندانپزشکی کودکان که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شده بودند، صورت گرفت. یافتهها:بیشترین موارد تجویز آنتی بیوتیک (81%) در آبسه های پریودنتال بود در حالیکه در پریودنتیت مقاوم هیچگونه تجویزی صورت نگرفته بود. حدود 60% دندانپزشکان قبل و یا حین درمان آنتی بیوتیک تجویز می کردند. در حالیکه فقط 15% دندانپزشکان در بیماران با پاکتهای بیش از 4 میلی متر دبریدمان و جراحی را مقدم بر تجویز دهانشویه می دانستند. بعلاوه 15% دندانپزشکان در پریودنتیت، اعتقادی به تجویز دهانشویه تنها نداشتند. نتیجه گیری:75 % دندانپزشکان آنتی بیوتیک را به صورت نا به جا تجویز میکردند که 6/66 % آنها نیز طول دوره اشتباهی را در تجویز آنتی بیوتیک در نظر گرفته بودند. 2 Background:Due to the increasing desire to the application of chemical therapy for periodontal disease among dentists, the percentage of inappropriate drug prescription is also on the rise. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic and mouthwashes prescription among general dentists participating in the pediatric dentistry congress. Materials and methods:This descriptive analytical study was done with the aid of two questionnaires distributed among 60 randomly chosen general dentists participating in pediatric dentistry congress. Results:The highest percentage of antibiotic prescription was related to periodontal abscess (81%) while no one prescribed antibiotic for refractory periodontitis. About 60% of general dentists prescribed antibiotics before or during treatment. Only 15% of dentists, had done surgical treatment and mechanical debridement on patients with pocket depth more than 4 mm before mouthwash prescription. About 15% of dentists were not confirmed mouthwash prescription alone for periodontitis. Conclusion:Around 75% of dentists’ antibiotic prescription was inappropriate. Moreover 66.6% of them were also considered the wrong duration for antibiotic therapy. 43 52 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 بهاره ناظمی سلمان B Nazemi salman Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran ایران فهیمه رضازاده F Rezazadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran ایران سورنا وهبی S Vahabi Associated Professor, Department of Periontist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran ایران ایمان شیرین بک I Shirinbak Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran ایران سمیرا بصیر شبستری S Basir shabestari Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ایران Keywords:Antibiotics Mouthwash Periodontitis. کلمات کلیدی:آنتی بیوتیک دهانشویه بیماری پریودنتال Pejčić A, Peševska S, Grigorov I, et al.Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for General Disorders. Acta Facult Med Naiss. 2006; 23(1):59-65##Mariotti A, Hefti AF. Defining periodontal health. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(Suppl 1):S1-S6.##Van Dyke TE, Sheilesh D. Risk factors for periodontitis. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2005; 7(1):3-7.4##Tariq M, Iqbal Z, Ali J, et al. Treatment modalities and evaluation models for periodontitis. Int J of Pharmaceutical Investig. 2012;2(3):106-122##Krayer JW, Leite RS, Kirkwood KL. Non-Surgical Chemotherapeutic Treatment Strategies for the Management of Periodontal Diseases. Dent clinic North Americ. 2010;54(1):13-33.##Michael G. Newman, Henry Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold, Fermin A. Carranza. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 12th Edition,2011; chapter 10: 567.##Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, et al. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J of Applied Oral Sci. 2015;23(3):329-355.##Dar-Odeh NS, Abu-Hammad OA, Al-Omiri MK, Khraisat AS, Shehabi AA. Antibiotic prescribing practices by dentists: a review. Ther Clinical Risk Manag. 2010; 6:301-306.##Cunha-Cruz J, Hujoel PP, Maupome G, Saver B. Systemic Antibiotics and Tooth Loss in Periodontal Disease. J dent research. 2008;87(9):871-6.##Palmer NO, Martin MV, Pealing R, Ireland RS. An analysis of antibiotic prescriptions from general dental practitioners in England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000; 46:1033-5##Jaunay T, Sambrook P, Goss A. Antibiotic prescribing practices by South Australian general dental practitioners. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(3):179-186##Al-Haroni M, Skaug N. Incidence of antibiotic prescribing in dental practice in Norway and its contribution to national consumption. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007; 59:1161-6.##Kakoei SH, Raoof M, Baghaei F, Adhami SH. Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription among Dentists in Iran. Iran Endod J. 2007; 2(1): 19-23.##Sepehri G, Dadolahi Y. Characterization of drug prescribing practices among dentists in Kerman province, 2001. J Dent Sch. 2006; 24 (1) :94-101. (Full text in Persian)##Sheikholeslami H, Asefzadeh S. Antibiotics in Qazvin physicians' prescriptions. Journal of Medical Faculty Guilan University of Medical Sciences 1999;8(31-32): 35-41 [In Persian]##Ciancio S, Reynard A, Zielezny M, Mather M. A survey of drug prescribing practices of dentists. NY state Dent J. 1989; 55:29-31.##Pejčić A, Kesić L, Obradović R, Mirković D. Antibiotics in the Management of Periodontal Disease. Scient J Faculty Med in Niš. 2010;27(2):85-92##Nuroloyuni S, Pirzadehashraf A, Nouroloyouni A, Asdagh S and Khabiri B. Investigating the Prevalence of Prescribing Errors in General Dentists Prescriptions. J Phys Pharm Adv. 2015:5(2): 550-5.##Zahabiyoun S, Sahabi M, Kharazi MJ. Improving Knowledge of General Dental Practitioners on Antibiotic Prescribing by Raising Awareness of the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) Guidelines. J Dent (Tehran). 2015;12(3):171-6.##Seymour RA.Antibiotics in dentistry-an update. Dent Update. 2013;40(4):319-22.##Bassir Shabestari S, Shirinbak I, Nourian AA, et al. Evaluation of the Zanjan General dentist attitudes regarding quantative and qualitative administration of continuing medical education(CME) programs. J Med Edu Dev. 2014; 7 (15) :22-29. (Full text in Persian)##Basir shabestari S, sarchami R, shirinbak I, sefidi F. valuation of the effect of the Workshop on drug prescription for oral disease for dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences during##Pejčić A, Peševska S, Grigorov I, et al.Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for General Disorders. Acta Facult Med Naiss. 2006; 23(1):59-65##Mariotti A, Hefti AF. Defining periodontal health. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(Suppl 1):S1-S6.##Van Dyke TE, Sheilesh D. Risk factors for periodontitis. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2005; 7(1):3-7.4##Tariq M, Iqbal Z, Ali J, et al. Treatment modalities and evaluation models for periodontitis. Int J of Pharmaceutical Investig. 2012;2(3):106-122##Krayer JW, Leite RS, Kirkwood KL. Non-Surgical Chemotherapeutic Treatment Strategies for the Management of Periodontal Diseases. Dent clinic North Americ. 2010;54(1):13-33.##Michael G. Newman, Henry Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold, Fermin A. Carranza. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 12th Edition,2011; chapter 10: 567.##Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, et al. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J of Applied Oral Sci. 2015;23(3):329-355.##Dar-Odeh NS, Abu-Hammad OA, Al-Omiri MK, Khraisat AS, Shehabi AA. Antibiotic prescribing practices by dentists: a review. Ther Clinical Risk Manag. 2010; 6:301-306.##Cunha-Cruz J, Hujoel PP, Maupome G, Saver B. Systemic Antibiotics and Tooth Loss in Periodontal Disease. J dent research. 2008;87(9):871-6.##Palmer NO, Martin MV, Pealing R, Ireland RS. An analysis of antibiotic prescriptions from general dental practitioners in England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000; 46:1033-5##Jaunay T, Sambrook P, Goss A. Antibiotic prescribing practices by South Australian general dental practitioners. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(3):179-186##Al-Haroni M, Skaug N. Incidence of antibiotic prescribing in dental practice in Norway and its contribution to national consumption. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007; 59:1161-6.##Kakoei SH, Raoof M, Baghaei F, Adhami SH. Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription among Dentists in Iran. Iran Endod J. 2007; 2(1): 19-23.##Sepehri G, Dadolahi Y. Characterization of drug prescribing practices among dentists in Kerman province, 2001. J Dent Sch. 2006; 24 (1) :94-101. (Full text in Persian)##Sheikholeslami H, Asefzadeh S. Antibiotics in Qazvin physicians' prescriptions. Journal of Medical Faculty Guilan University of Medical Sciences 1999;8(31-32): 35-41 [In Persian]##Ciancio S, Reynard A, Zielezny M, Mather M. A survey of drug prescribing practices of dentists. NY state Dent J. 1989; 55:29-31.##Pejčić A, Kesić L, Obradović R, Mirković D. Antibiotics in the Management of Periodontal Disease. Scient J Faculty Med in Niš. 2010;27(2):85-92##Nuroloyuni S, Pirzadehashraf A, Nouroloyouni A, Asdagh S and Khabiri B. Investigating the Prevalence of Prescribing Errors in General Dentists Prescriptions. J Phys Pharm Adv. 2015:5(2): 550-5.##Zahabiyoun S, Sahabi M, Kharazi MJ. Improving Knowledge of General Dental Practitioners on Antibiotic Prescribing by Raising Awareness of the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) Guidelines. J Dent (Tehran). 2015;12(3):171-6.##Seymour RA.Antibiotics in dentistry-an update. Dent Update. 2013;40(4):319-22.##Bassir Shabestari S, Shirinbak I, Nourian AA, et al. Evaluation of the Zanjan General dentist attitudes regarding quantative and qualitative administration of continuing medical education(CME) programs. J Med Edu Dev. 2014; 7 (15) :22-29. (Full text in Persian)##Basir shabestari S, sarchami R, shirinbak I, sefidi F. valuation of the effect of the Workshop on drug prescription for oral disease for dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences during## ##

اثربخشی نوروفیدبک بر اضطراب کودکان در دندانپزشکی The effect of neuro feedback on children's anxiety in dentistry 1 1 زمینه و هدف:اضطراب دندان پزشکی در کودکان به عنوان یک مشکل در کنترل بیماران بیان می شود. اثر این ترس می تواند تا نوجوانی ادامه داشته باشد و سبب پرهیز از اعمال دندان پزشکی گردد که برآیند آن از بین رفتن سلامت دهان است. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی نوروفیدبک بر اضطراب دندانپزشکی کودکان صورت گرفت. مواد و روشها:روش پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی (پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه شاهد) می‌باشد. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه کودکان 9 تا 12 سال مراجعه کننده به مراکز دندانپزشکی سطح شهر تبریز در سال 1396 می باشند، که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی تعداد 16 نفر با استفاده از پرسشنامه اضطراب دندانپزشکی شناسایی و به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (8 نفر) و شاهد (8 نفر) جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش در طول 5 هفته و هفته ای سه جلسه ی نیم ساعته مورد درمان نوروفیدبک قرار گرفتند و گروه شاهد آموزشی شبیه گروه مداخله ای دریافت نکردند. داده ها به وسیله نرم افزار آماریSPSS19 و به روش تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (MANOVA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها:براساس یافته های پژوهش تفاوت معناداری بین نمرات پیش آزمون و پس آزمون دو گروه مشاهده شد بطوری که نمرات پیش آزمون اضطراب در هر دو گروه نزدیک به 16 بود که پس از درمان نوروفیدبک میانگین اضطراب گروه آزمایش به 9 کاهش یافت ولی میانگین اضطراب گروه کنترل 16 باقی ماند بدین صورت درمان نوروفیدبک موجب کاهش اضطراب دندانپزشکی کودکان در گروه آزمایش شده بود. نتیجه گیری:: این نتایج بیان میکند که این روش می تواند مانند سایر تکنیک های درمانی و آرامش دهنده برای کاهش اضطراب دندانپزشکی کودکان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Background:dental anxiety in children is indicated as a problem in controlling the patients. The effect of this fear continues tilladolescence and leads to prevention from dentist tasks which outcome is loss of mouth health. Therefore, the present study was carried out by the purpose of examining the effectiveness of neuro feedback on children dental anxiety. Materials and methods:the methodology of this study is semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research includes all the children in 9 to 12 years old referring to dentistry centers of Tabriz in 2017.They are selected through on random sampling as 26 people using the questionnaire of dentist anxiety and randomly assigned into two experimental (8 individuals) and control groups (8 individuals). The experimental group was under neuro feedback therapy for 5 weeks, in 3-30 min sessions a week and control group did not receive the same training as the intervention group. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA. Results:Based on the research findings there is significant relationship between pretest scores and post-test's in two groups. The pre-test anxiety scores in both groups were close to 16 and after the treatment of neuro feedback, the mean anxiety of the experimental group was reduced to 9, but the mean anxiety level of the control group was 16, thus, the neuro feedback treatment reduced the dental anxiety of the children in the experimental group. Conclusion:These results indicates that this method, like other treatment and replacing techniques could be used to decrease children dental anxiety. 53 62 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/22 1397/6/31 علی شاکر دولق A Shaker dolagh iran ایران مریم حسین زاده M Hoseinzadeh iran Keywords:neuro feedback Dentistry anxiety. کلمات کلیدی:نوروفیدبک دندانپزشکی اضطراب Farokhgisou, E. Hashemipor, S. & Azhdary H. (2008). The influence of music on pain sensation and fear in children during dental treatments. J dentistry; 9(1): 93-100.##Frere, CL. Crout. R/ Yorty. J. McNeil. DW. (2001). Effects of audiovisual distraction during dental prophylaxis. J Am Dent Assoc; 132(7):1031-1038.##Hakeberg, M. Berggren, U. & Gröndahl, HG. (1993). A radiographic study of dental health in adult patients with dental anxiety. Community Dentistry Oral Epidemiol; 21(1): 27-30.##Rabiei, M. (2001). The effect of individual in group cognitive behavior therapy on reduce of exam anxiety among Bruojen students [MA Thesis in Persian]. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University.##Udoye, CH. Oginni, AO. Oginni, FO. (2005). Dental anxiety among patients undergoing various dental treatmentsin a Nigerian teaching hospital. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice; 6(2): 91-98.##Morvatisharifabad,MA.Razavinia,M.Haerian,A.Fallahzadeh,H.[Stuady of dental anxiety on Mashhad dental patients]Journal of Toloe Behdasht Yazd 2013,11(2):119-130.(Persian).##Nilchian,F.Mohammadi,A.[Assesment of the level of dental anxiety in 10-12 year-old students in Sahr-e-Kord city]Journal of Isfahan dental Faculty.2013,9(5):451-458.(Persian).##Vermaire, JH. De Jongh, A & Aartman I. (2008). Dental anxiety and quality of life: the effect of dental treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Oct; 36(5):409-16.9. Hammond, D. (2006). Cowpat isneurofeedback? J Neurotherapy; 10:25-36.##Lubar, JF. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. In: Schwarts MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: A Practitioners guide. 3rded. New York: The Guilford Press, 409-437.##Kouijzer, J. van Schie, HT. de Moor, JM. Gerrits, B. & Buitelaar, JK. (2009). Neurofeedback treatment in autism. Preliminary findings in behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological functioning. Journal of Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders; 4: 386-399.##Vernon, D. Egner, T. Cooper, N. Compton, T. Neilands, C. & Sheri, A. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. Int J Psychophysiol; 47(1): 75-85.##Angelakis, E. Stathopoulou, S. Frymiare, JL. Green, DL. Lubar, JF. Kounios, J. (2007). EEG neurofeedback: A brief overview and an example of peak alpha frequency training for cognitive enhancement in the elderly. Clinical Neuropsychologist; 21(1):110-129.##Schwartz, M & Andrasik, F. (2003). Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford.##Schwartz, M & Andrasik, F. (2005). Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide .4thed. New York: Guilford.##Masterpasqua, F. Healey, KN. (2003). Neurofeedback in psychological practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice; 34(6): 652-656.##Hill RW, Castro E. Healing young brains. The neurofeedback solution. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company; 2009.##Bazanova OM, Aftanas LI. Individual EEG alpha activity analysis for enhancement neurofeedback efficiency: two case studies. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(3): 244-253##Hammond DC. Lens neurofeedback treatment of anger: Preliminary reports. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(2): 162-169.##Hammond DC. Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2005; 14(1): 105-123.##Hammond DC. What is neurofeedback? Journal of Neurotherapy 2011; 15(4): 305-36.##JahanianNajafabadi,A.Salehi,M.Rahmani,M.Imani,H.[The Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Reduce of Anxiety]Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences.2014;11(6):657-663.##Carpiniello, B., Baita, A., and Carta, M. G. (2002). Clinical and psychosocial outcomeof patients affected by panic disorderwith or without agoraphobia: results from anaturalistic follow-up study, Eur Psychiatry 17(7), 394-398.##Howard KE, Freeman R. Reliability and validity of a faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale. Int J Paediatric Dent 2007; 17(4): 281-8.##Javadinejad S, Farajzadegan Z, Madahain M. Iranian version of a face version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale: Transcultural adaptation and reliability analysis. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16(7): 872-877.##Moore NC. A review of EEG biofeedback treatment of anxiety disorders. Clin Electroencephalogr 2000; 31(1):1-6.##Moore NC. The neurotherapy of anxiety disorders. Journal of Adult Development 2005;##Garrett BL, Silver MP. The use of EMG and alpha biofeedback to relieve test anxiety in college students. In: Wickramasekera I,editor.Biofeedback, Behavior Therapy, and Hypnosis. Chicago: Nelson-Hall; 1976.##Heidari AR, Saedi S. The effect of relaxation and gradual stress removal accompanied by biofeedback on theanxiety of the students. Journal of knowledge and research in Applied Psychology 2011; 12(3): 4-11.##Isotani T, Tanaka H, Lehmann D, Pascual-Marqui RD, Kochi K, Saito N. Source localization of EEG activity during hypnotically induced anxiety and relaxation. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 41(2): 143-153.##Bakhshyesh, A. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit (ADHD). Yazd: pub Yazd uinversity. 2011; p 234. (Persian)##Parshad, O. Role of yoga in stress management. The West Indian Medical Journal 2004; 53(3), 191-194.##Lancaste T & Linden D. Functional mange resonance imaging (FMRI) based neuro feedback as a new treatment tool for depression. European Psychiatry 2011; 26(1) 934.##Galantino, M. L., Bzdewka, T. M., Eissler-Russo, J. L., & Holbrook, M. L. The impact of modified Hatha Yoga on chronic low back pain: A pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2004; 10(2), 56-59.##Hammond DC. Neurofeedback treatment of depression with the roshi. Journal of Neurotherapy 2000; 4(2): 45-56.##Monastra VJ, Monastra DM, George S. The Effects of Stimulant Therapy, EEG Biofeedback, and Parenting Style on the Primary Symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2002; 27(4): 231-249.##Farokhgisou, E. Hashemipor, S. & Azhdary H. (2008). The influence of music on pain sensation and fear in children during dental treatments. J dentistry; 9(1): 93-100.##Frere, CL. Crout. R/ Yorty. J. McNeil. DW. (2001). Effects of audiovisual distraction during dental prophylaxis. J Am Dent Assoc; 132(7):1031-1038.##Hakeberg, M. Berggren, U. & Gröndahl, HG. (1993). A radiographic study of dental health in adult patients with dental anxiety. Community Dentistry Oral Epidemiol; 21(1): 27-30.##Rabiei, M. (2001). The effect of individual in group cognitive behavior therapy on reduce of exam anxiety among Bruojen students [MA Thesis in Persian]. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University.##Udoye, CH. Oginni, AO. Oginni, FO. (2005). Dental anxiety among patients undergoing various dental treatmentsin a Nigerian teaching hospital. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice; 6(2): 91-98.##Morvatisharifabad,MA.Razavinia,M.Haerian,A.Fallahzadeh,H.[Stuady of dental anxiety on Mashhad dental patients]Journal of Toloe Behdasht Yazd 2013,11(2):119-130.(Persian).##Nilchian,F.Mohammadi,A.[Assesment of the level of dental anxiety in 10-12 year-old students in Sahr-e-Kord city]Journal of Isfahan dental Faculty.2013,9(5):451-458.(Persian).##Vermaire, JH. De Jongh, A & Aartman I. (2008). Dental anxiety and quality of life: the effect of dental treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Oct; 36(5):409-16.9. Hammond, D. (2006). Cowpat isneurofeedback? J Neurotherapy; 10:25-36.##Lubar, JF. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. In: Schwarts MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: A Practitioners guide. 3rded. New York: The Guilford Press, 409-437.##Kouijzer, J. van Schie, HT. de Moor, JM. Gerrits, B. & Buitelaar, JK. (2009). Neurofeedback treatment in autism. Preliminary findings in behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological functioning. Journal of Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders; 4: 386-399.##Vernon, D. Egner, T. Cooper, N. Compton, T. Neilands, C. & Sheri, A. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. Int J Psychophysiol; 47(1): 75-85.##Angelakis, E. Stathopoulou, S. Frymiare, JL. Green, DL. Lubar, JF. Kounios, J. (2007). EEG neurofeedback: A brief overview and an example of peak alpha frequency training for cognitive enhancement in the elderly. Clinical Neuropsychologist; 21(1):110-129.##Schwartz, M & Andrasik, F. (2003). Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford.##Schwartz, M & Andrasik, F. (2005). Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide .4thed. New York: Guilford.##Masterpasqua, F. Healey, KN. (2003). Neurofeedback in psychological practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice; 34(6): 652-656.##Hill RW, Castro E. Healing young brains. The neurofeedback solution. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company; 2009.##Bazanova OM, Aftanas LI. Individual EEG alpha activity analysis for enhancement neurofeedback efficiency: two case studies. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(3): 244-253##Hammond DC. Lens neurofeedback treatment of anger: Preliminary reports. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(2): 162-169.##Hammond DC. Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2005; 14(1): 105-123.##Hammond DC. What is neurofeedback? 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اوالژن دندان انسیزور دائمی نابالغ:گزارش مورد Avulsion of immature permanent incisor tooth: a case report 1 1 مقدمه:اوالژن دندان های دائمییکی از جدی ترین آسیب های دندانی می باشد و اقدامات اورژانسی درست و بموقع برای پروگنوز آتی چنین صدماتی ضروریست. گزارش مورد:دندان انسیزور سانترال سمت چپ فک بالای یک دختر بچه هشت ساله، دچار اوالژن شده بود و دندان اوالس شده در شیشه ای که حاوی شیر و یخ بود، نگهداری شد و دندان در عرض 75 دقیقه در جای خود قرار گرفت.بعد از 18 ماه، هیچ نشانه و علامتی از ابنورمالیتی وجود نداشت و تشکیل ریشه ادامه یافته بود. نتیجه گیری:ترمیم دندان فرایندی است که وابسته به شرایط اوالژن، اقدامات صورت گرفته جهت ریپلنت دندان و فاکتورهای اختصاصی وابسته به میزبان می باشد.آگاهی از این عوامل و درک این موضوع که ترمیم آتی دندان ارتباط نزدیکی به این عوامل دارد، توسعه گایدلاین ها واستانداردهای کلینیکال برای مدیریت دندان اوالس شده را ضروری می سازد. 2 Introduction: Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. Case presentation:An eight-years-old female patient’s maxillary left central incisor avulsed and the avulsed tooth kept in glass contained milk and ice and replanted in 75 minutes. After 18 months there weren’t any sign and symptom of abnormality and the root continued its formation. Conclusion: Healing is further complicated by the conditions of the avulsion accident, replantation management, and patient-specific factors. An understanding of the relative contribution of each of these variables to healing is imperative for the development of guidelines and clinical standards for the management of avulsed teeth. 63 70 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/23 1397/7/1 2018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/222018/09/23 1397/7/1 حسین افشار H Afshar iran ایران مریم شفیع زاده M Shafizadeh iran ایران مونا سهرابی M Sohrabi iran ایران Key words: avulsion exarticulation dental injuries replantation teeth کلمات کلیدی:اولژن خارج شدن دندان آسیب های دندانی ریپلنت کردن دندان Moazzami F, Asheghi B, Sahebi S. Effect of Four Different Media on Periodontal Ligament Cells Viability of Dry- Stored Dog Teeth. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran). 2017;18(1):24-9.##Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, DiAngelis AJ, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 2. Avulsion of Permanent Teeth. Pediatric dentistry. 2016;38(6):369-76.##Day PF, Duggal MS, High AS, Robertson A, Gregg TA, Ashley PF, et al. Discoloration of teeth after avulsionand replantation: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of endodontics. 2011;37(8):1052-7.##Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Avulsed permanent teeth: a review of the literature and treatment guidelines. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1997;13(4):153-63.##Glendor U, Halling A, Andersson L, Eilert-Petersson E. Incidence of traumatic tooth injuries in children and adolescents in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden. Swedish dental journal. 1996;20(1-2):15-28.##Trope M. Avulsion of permanent teeth: theory to practice. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2011;27(4):281-94.##Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 2. Factors related to pulpal healing. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):59-68.##Oikarinen K. Tooth splinting: a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1990;6(6):237-50.##Andreasen J. The effect of excessive occlusal trauma upon periodontal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Swedish dental journal. 1981;5(3):115-22.##Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 1. Diagnosis of healing complications. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):51-8.##Martin MP, Pileggi R. A quantitative analysis of Propolis: a promising new storage media following avulsion. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2004;20(2):85-9.##Blomlof L. Milk and saliva as possible storage media for traumatically exarticulated teeth prior to replantation. Swedish dental journal Supplement. 1981;8:1-26.##Moazami F, Mirhadi H, Geramizadeh B, Sahebi S. Comparison of soymilk, powdered milk, Hank's balanced salt solution and tap water on periodontal ligament cell survival. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2012;28(2):132-5.##Filippi A, von Arx T, Lussi A. Comfort and discomfort of dental trauma splints - a comparison of a new device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques. Dental traumatology : official publicationof International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2002;18(5):275-80.##Sae-Lim V, Wang CY, Choi GW, Trope M. The effect of systemic tetracycline on resorption of dried replanted dogs' teeth. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1998;14(3):127-32.##Moazzami F, Asheghi B, Sahebi S. Effect of Four Different Media on Periodontal Ligament Cells Viability of Dry- Stored Dog Teeth. Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran). 2017;18(1):24-9.##Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, DiAngelis AJ, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 2. Avulsion of Permanent Teeth. Pediatric dentistry. 2016;38(6):369-76.##Day PF, Duggal MS, High AS, Robertson A, Gregg TA, Ashley PF, et al. Discoloration of teeth after avulsionand replantation: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of endodontics. 2011;37(8):1052-7.##Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Avulsed permanent teeth: a review of the literature and treatment guidelines. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1997;13(4):153-63.##Glendor U, Halling A, Andersson L, Eilert-Petersson E. Incidence of traumatic tooth injuries in children and adolescents in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden. Swedish dental journal. 1996;20(1-2):15-28.##Trope M. Avulsion of permanent teeth: theory to practice. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2011;27(4):281-94.##Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 2. Factors related to pulpal healing. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):59-68.##Oikarinen K. Tooth splinting: a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1990;6(6):237-50.##Andreasen J. The effect of excessive occlusal trauma upon periodontal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Swedish dental journal. 1981;5(3):115-22.##Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 1. Diagnosis of healing complications. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):51-8.##Martin MP, Pileggi R. A quantitative analysis of Propolis: a promising new storage media following avulsion. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2004;20(2):85-9.##Blomlof L. Milk and saliva as possible storage media for traumatically exarticulated teeth prior to replantation. Swedish dental journal Supplement. 1981;8:1-26.##Moazami F, Mirhadi H, Geramizadeh B, Sahebi S. Comparison of soymilk, powdered milk, Hank's balanced salt solution and tap water on periodontal ligament cell survival. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2012;28(2):132-5.##Filippi A, von Arx T, Lussi A. Comfort and discomfort of dental trauma splints - a comparison of a new device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques. Dental traumatology : official publicationof International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2002;18(5):275-80.##Sae-Lim V, Wang CY, Choi GW, Trope M. The effect of systemic tetracycline on resorption of dried replanted dogs' teeth. Endodontics & dental traumatology. 1998;14(3):127-32.## ##