دانش، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در باره سلامت دهان Mother’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Oral Health 1 1 زمینه و هدف: والدین الگویی برای کودکان خود هستند و ﻛﻮدکان رفتار ﺳﻼﻣﺖ دﻫﺎن را از واﻟﺪﻳﻦ خود ﻣﻲآﻣﻮزﻧﺪ. در این پژوهش میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران دانش آموزان دبستانی شهر ساوه در ارتباط با سلامت دهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد و روش ها: یک پرسشنامه استاندارد شده، میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد 735 نفر از مادران دانش آموزان دبستانی شهر ساوه را اندازه گیری نمود. مدارس به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. دانش، نگرش و عملکرد مادران به ترتیب با 11، 9 و 5 سوال با حد نصاب 36، 36 و 20 نمره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. خصوصیات دموگرافیک نیز بررسی شد. دانش، نگرش و عملکرد مادران به سه گروه ضعیف، متوسط و خوب تقسیم بندی شد. نتایج مطالعه بر اساس آزمون های Chi-Square Tests، و ANOVA با نرم افزار SPSS بررسی شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که مادران دارای میانگین نمره آگاهی (±0.214) 29/19، نگرش (±0.142) 52/23 و عملکرد (±0.119) 69/10 بودند. ارتباط معنا دار و مستقیمی بین سطوح دانش و نگرش و همچنین بین دانش و عملکرد مشاهده شد (۰۰1/۰ P<). حدود 80% مادران شرکت کننده در این مطالعه یک یا دو بار در روز مسواک می زدند و 90% مادران از خمیردندان فلورایددار استفاده می کردند. استفاده روزانه نخ دندان بسیار پایین بود. حدود دو-سوم مادران تنها در صورت بروز مشکل به دندانپزشکی مراجعه داشتند. بین میزان تحصیلات مادران با سطوح آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد ایشان ارتباط معنادار مستقیم بدست آمد. هیچ ارتباط معنا داری بین سن مادران و جنس دانش آموزان با سطوح آگاهی، نگرش و عملکردیشان یافت نشد. نتیجه گیری: ضروری است جهت افزایش اطلاعات، نگرش و بهبود عملکرد مادران به خصوص آموزش به مادرانی که تحصیلات پایین تری دارند، اقداماتی چون توزیع بورشورهای اطلاع رسانی، برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی و خدمات معاینه جهت پیشگیری از بروز مشکل انجام شود. 2 Background: Children learn oral hygiene from their parents. We conducted a study on parent’s knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health in Saveh City, in primary schools. Materials and methods: In this study, a standard questionnaire was used to evaluate mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice of on oral health. Mothers of 735 students in 16 primary schools (randomly selected) in Saveh were participated. Mother's knowledge, attitude and practice level were measured by 11, 9 and 5 questions with 36, 36 and 20 scores respectively. Chi-Square tests and ANOVA were used to analysis data. Results: The results showed that mothers had a mean scores of 19.29 (± 0.214), 23.52(±0.142) and 10.69 (69 0.119), in knowledge, attitude and practice respectively. There was a significant and direct relationship between knowledge and attitude, and also between knowledge and behavior levels (P<0.001). About 80% of the mothers brushed once or twice a day, and 90% of mothers used fluoride toothpaste. Daily use of dental floss was very low. About two-thirds of mothers only went to dental offices if they had problems. There was a significant and direct relationship between mother's education with their knowledge, attitude and performance (P<0.001). There was no relationship between mother's age and gender of students with their knowledge, attitude and performance levels. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve information of mothers, especially who are less educated to get better oral health behavior by information brochures, holding training classes and free dental examination services. 1 8 2019/09/25 1398/7/3 2019/09/25 1398/7/3 احمد جعفری A Jafari مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری پوسیدگی، گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران پرستو گایینی P Gaeeni مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری پوسیدگی، گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران محبوبه فلاحی M Falahi مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری پوسیدگی، گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران بتول پیروز هاشمی B Pirouz hashemi دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ساوه، ساوه، ایران ایران محبوبه زنگویی M Zangouyi دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ساوه، ساوه، ایران ایران جلیل کوهپایه زاده J Kouhpayehzadeh دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ساوه، ساوه، ایران ایران Knowledge Attitude Practice Oral Health Student دانش نگرش و عملکرد سلامت دهان دانش آموزان Hajimiri K, Sharifirad G, Hasanzade A. The Effect of Oral Health Education Based on Health Belief Model in Mothers Who Had 3-6 Year Old Children on Decreasing Dental Plaque Index in Zanjan. ZUMS Journal. 2010; 18(72): 77-86.##Pakpour Haji-Agha, A., Heidarnia, A., & Hajizadeh, E. The Status of Oral Health and Related Factors in High School Students in Qazvin in 2010. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 3 (60): 55-60.##Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. East Mediterr Health J. 2011;17(3):243-9.##Selecky MC, Hayes M, Mares A, Grinnell S, Nandi P, Alves-Dunkerson J, et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA, Maciel SM, Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Khosravi, M., PourMahdi, M., & Nouri Bayat, S. Prevention and Oral Health from Islamic Perspective. Babol University of Medical Sciences. Islam and Health Journal. 2014; 1 : 38-47.##Soltani R, Sharidi-Rad G, Hasan-Zadeh A, Golshiri P, and Barati , M. Investigating the Awareness and Attitude of Mothers towards Preschool Children in Isfahan . Journal of Health System Research. 2013 ; 7(9): 712-719##Nazari Z, Taherpour M. Mothers' Awareness of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Special Student Research Committee. 2013: 979-986##Naderifard M, Gholjaei F, Akbarizadeh MR. Mothers' Performance in terms of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of Medical Science Research of Zahedan. 2011: 12 (4)##Goodarzi A, Tavafiyan S S, Heidarnia A, Zia Al-Dini H. Health Education and Oral Health among Elementary School Students in district 14 of Tehran. Journal of Military Care.2015: 2 (4)##Arora , A., Bedros , D., Bhole , S., and Moody , G. (2012). A qualitative evaluation of the views of Child and Family Health Nurses on the early childhood oral health education materials in New South Wales, Australia. Health promotion journal of Australia: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 23(2): 112-116##Islami Pour F, Heidari K, Ghayour M, Mousavi Zadeh L . Evaluating Parents in Terms of Access and Barriers to Access to Oral Health Services in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2015: 11 (3)##Kawamura M, Iwamoto Y. Present state of dental health Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees. Int Dent J 1999; 49(3): 173-81.8.##Hajimiri K, Sharifirad G, Hasanzade A. The Effect of Oral Health Education Based on Health Belief Model in Mothers Who Had 3-6 Year Old Children on Decreasing Dental Plaque Index in Zanjan. ZUMS Journal. 2010; 18(72): 77-86.##Pakpour Haji-Agha, A., Heidarnia, A., & Hajizadeh, E. The Status of Oral Health and Related Factors in High School Students in Qazvin in 2010. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 3 (60): 55-60.##Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. East Mediterr Health J. 2011;17(3):243-9.##Selecky MC, Hayes M, Mares A, Grinnell S, Nandi P, Alves-Dunkerson J, et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA, Maciel SM, Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Khosravi, M., PourMahdi, M., & Nouri Bayat, S. Prevention and Oral Health from Islamic Perspective. Babol University of Medical Sciences. Islam and Health Journal. 2014; 1 : 38-47.##Soltani R, Sharidi-Rad G, Hasan-Zadeh A, Golshiri P, and Barati , M. Investigating the Awareness and Attitude of Mothers towards Preschool Children in Isfahan . Journal of Health System Research. 2013 ; 7(9): 712-719##Nazari Z, Taherpour M. Mothers' Awareness of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Special Student Research Committee. 2013: 979-986##Naderifard M, Gholjaei F, Akbarizadeh MR. Mothers' Performance in terms of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of Medical Science Research of Zahedan. 2011: 12 (4)##Goodarzi A, Tavafiyan S S, Heidarnia A, Zia Al-Dini H. Health Education and Oral Health among Elementary School Students in district 14 of Tehran. Journal of Military Care.2015: 2 (4)##Arora , A., Bedros , D., Bhole , S., and Moody , G. (2012). A qualitative evaluation of the views of Child and Family Health Nurses on the early childhood oral health education materials in New South Wales, Australia. Health promotion journal of Australia: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 23(2): 112-116##Islami Pour F, Heidari K, Ghayour M, Mousavi Zadeh L . Evaluating Parents in Terms of Access and Barriers to Access to Oral Health Services in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2015: 11 (3)##Kawamura M, Iwamoto Y. Present state of dental health Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees. Int Dent J 1999; 49(3): 173-81.8.##Hajimiri K, Sharifirad G, Hasanzade A. The Effect of Oral Health Education Based on Health Belief Model in Mothers Who Had 3-6 Year Old Children on Decreasing Dental Plaque Index in Zanjan. ZUMS Journal. 2010; 18(72): 77-86.##Pakpour Haji-Agha, A., Heidarnia, A., & Hajizadeh, E. The Status of Oral Health and Related Factors in High School Students in Qazvin in 2010. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 3 (60): 55-60.##Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. East Mediterr Health J. 2011;17(3):243-9.##Selecky MC, Hayes M, Mares A, Grinnell S, Nandi P, Alves-Dunkerson J, et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA, Maciel SM, Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Khosravi, M., PourMahdi, M., & Nouri Bayat, S. Prevention and Oral Health from Islamic Perspective. Babol University of Medical Sciences. Islam and Health Journal. 2014; 1 : 38-47.##Soltani R, Sharidi-Rad G, Hasan-Zadeh A, Golshiri P, and Barati , M. Investigating the Awareness and Attitude of Mothers towards Preschool Children in Isfahan . Journal of Health System Research. 2013 ; 7(9): 712-719##Nazari Z, Taherpour M. Mothers' Awareness of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Special Student Research Committee. 2013: 979-986##Naderifard M, Gholjaei F, Akbarizadeh MR. Mothers' Performance in terms of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of Medical Science Research of Zahedan. 2011: 12 (4)##Goodarzi A, Tavafiyan S S, Heidarnia A, Zia Al-Dini H. Health Education and Oral Health among Elementary School Students in district 14 of Tehran. Journal of Military Care.2015: 2 (4)##Arora , A., Bedros , D., Bhole , S., and Moody , G. (2012). A qualitative evaluation of the views of Child and Family Health Nurses on the early childhood oral health education materials in New South Wales, Australia. Health promotion journal of Australia: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 23(2): 112-116##Islami Pour F, Heidari K, Ghayour M, Mousavi Zadeh L . Evaluating Parents in Terms of Access and Barriers to Access to Oral Health Services in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2015: 11 (3)##Kawamura M, Iwamoto Y. Present state of dental health Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees. Int Dent J 1999; 49(3): 173-81.8.##Hajimiri K, Sharifirad G, Hasanzade A. The Effect of Oral Health Education Based on Health Belief Model in Mothers Who Had 3-6 Year Old Children on Decreasing Dental Plaque Index in Zanjan. ZUMS Journal. 2010; 18(72): 77-86.##Pakpour Haji-Agha, A., Heidarnia, A., & Hajizadeh, E. The Status of Oral Health and Related Factors in High School Students in Qazvin in 2010. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 3 (60): 55-60.##Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. East Mediterr Health J. 2011;17(3):243-9.##Selecky MC, Hayes M, Mares A, Grinnell S, Nandi P, Alves-Dunkerson J, et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA, Maciel SM, Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Khosravi, M., PourMahdi, M., & Nouri Bayat, S. Prevention and Oral Health from Islamic Perspective. Babol University of Medical Sciences. Islam and Health Journal. 2014; 1 : 38-47.##Soltani R, Sharidi-Rad G, Hasan-Zadeh A, Golshiri P, and Barati , M. Investigating the Awareness and Attitude of Mothers towards Preschool Children in Isfahan . Journal of Health System Research. 2013 ; 7(9): 712-719##Nazari Z, Taherpour M. Mothers' Awareness of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Special Student Research Committee. 2013: 979-986##Naderifard M, Gholjaei F, Akbarizadeh MR. Mothers' Performance in terms of Oral Health of Children between 1-6 Years Old. Journal of Medical Science Research of Zahedan. 2011: 12 (4)##Goodarzi A, Tavafiyan S S, Heidarnia A, Zia Al-Dini H. Health Education and Oral Health among Elementary School Students in district 14 of Tehran. Journal of Military Care.2015: 2 (4)##Arora , A., Bedros , D., Bhole , S., and Moody , G. (2012). A qualitative evaluation of the views of Child and Family Health Nurses on the early childhood oral health education materials in New South Wales, Australia. Health promotion journal of Australia: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 23(2): 112-116##Islami Pour F, Heidari K, Ghayour M, Mousavi Zadeh L . Evaluating Parents in Terms of Access and Barriers to Access to Oral Health Services in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2015: 11 (3)##Kawamura M, Iwamoto Y. Present state of dental health Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and perceived oral health of Japanese employees. Int Dent J 1999; 49(3): 173-81.8. ##

تاثیر فاکتورهای موثر بر بهداشت دهان در دانش آموزان The Effect of Factors Affecting Oral Health in Elementary Students 1 1 زمینه و هدف: شکل گیری باور توجه به بهداشت دهان از سنین مدرسه آغاز می شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر فاکتورهای موثر بر بهداشت دهان در دانش آموزان ابتدایی کرج انجام شده است. مواد و روش ها: در یک مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی وضعیت شاخص بهداشت دهان 346 نفر از دانش آموزان 12 ساله مدارس ابتدایی مروج سلامت و مدارس معمولی بررسی شد. جهت بررسی متغیر ها اطلاعات دموگرافیک والدین و دانش آموزان ثبت شد. دهان دانش آموزان جهت بررسی وضعیت دبری و کلکولوس و پوسیدگی دندان ها معاینه شد، و میزان شاخص بهداشت دهان دانش آموزان به سه گروه خوب (0 - 1.17)، متوسط (1.18 - 3) و ضعیف (بیش از 3) دسته بندی شد. سپس داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از آزمون Chi square و رگرسیون خطی با نرم‌افزار SPSS آنالیز شد. یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد که میزان شاخص بهداشت دهان 1.29 بود که 83% مربوط به دبری بود و حدود نیمی از دانش آموزان دارای شاخص بهداشت دهان خوب بودند، رفتارهای سلامت دهان، شامل تعداد دفعات مسواک زدن، داشتن ویزیت دندانپزشکی و استفاده از نخ دندان ارتباط معنادار آماری بر شاخص بهداشت دهان داشت، و دانش آموزان با وزن بالاتر وضعیت بهداشت دهان بهتری داشتند. نوع مدرسه و وضعیت تحصیلی و جنسیت تاثیری بر این شاخص نداشت. نتیجه گیری: تمرکز بر آموزش سلامت دهان باید در تمامی مدارس، به ویژه مدارس مروج سلامت تقویت شود. 2 Background: The formation of beliefs about oral hygiene begins at school age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some factors affecting oral health in primary school children in Karaj City, Iran. Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, the oral health status of 346 12-year-old elementary school students was investigated. Demographic data of parents and students were recorded to evaluate the variables. Students 'mouths were examined for debris and calculus and tooth decay, and students' oral hygiene indexes were classified into three groups of good (0-1.17), moderate (3-1.18) and poor (more than 3). The data were analyzed using Chi square test and linear regression and SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that oral health index was 1.29 while, 83% of it was debris, and about half of the students had good oral health index. Oral health behaviors, including brushing frequency, dental visit and use dental floss had a statistically significant relationship with oral hygiene index. Students with higher weight had better oral health status. The type of school, educational status, and gender had no effect on this index. Conclusion: The focus on oral health instruction should be strengthened in all schools, especially health promotion schools. 9 16 2019/09/252019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/26 1398/7/4 غلامعلی نجفی Gh Najafi گروه آموزشی پریودانتیکس، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران سجاد جمیل پناه S Jamilpanah گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران معین مکوند قلی پور M Makvand Gholipour گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران سید راحله سهیلی R Soheili گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران سمیه خرمیان طوسی S Khoramiantousi گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران Oral hygiene index oral health program health promoting school شاخص بهداشت دهان برنامه سلامت دهان مدارس مروج سلامت PETERSEN, Poul Erik. 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Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology: Commentary. 2000 Dec;28(6):399-406##Mir Ali morteza, a variaty of diseases by infection of the mouth and medical dndan. Mqalh.2010.168:52-53.##Peterrsen PE. World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Program. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31(Suppl.1): 3-24.##Goodarzi A, Heidarnia A, Niknami S, Heidarnia M. Efficacy of Educational Film for Enhancing Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Elementary Students. J Dent Sch. 2014; 32 (4) :197-201.##Brito ÁS, Clementino MA, Gomes MC, Neves ÉT, de Sousa Barbosa A, de Medeiros CA, de Aquino MM, Granville-Garcia AF, de Menezes VA. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with dental caries in preschool children: Analysis using a decision tree. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 Jul 1;36(3):244.##Yee R, Sheiham A. The burden of restorative dental treatment for children in Third World countries. International Dental Journal 2002;52:7-10.##Pakpour AH, Hidarnia A, Hajizadeh E, Kumar S, Harrison AP. The status of dental caries and related factors in a sample of Iranian adolescents. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sep 1;16(6):e822-7.##WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, et al. Oral health promotion: an essential element of a health-promoting school. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.‌##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83: 677-85. Http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/16211159.##Mahmoodabad SM, Tanekaboni NR. Survey of some related factors to oral health in high school female students in Yazd, on the basis of health behavior model (HBM). Journal of Birjand university of medical sciences. 2008;15(3):40-7.##Mahmoudianzh. The relationship between nutrition and dental caries in children 3 to 5 years old in the city of Ray, M.D.Thesis, Tehran university of medical science; 2003.##Suresh BS, Ravisankar T1, Chaitra TR, Mother's knowlege about preschool child's oral health. J Indian Soc pedod prev dent 2010; 28(4): 282-7.##CINAR, Ayse Basak; MURTOMAA, Heikki; TSEVEENJAV, Battsetseg. The life-course approach in assessment of dental health: a cross sectional study among Finnish and Turkish pre-adolescents. European journal of dentistry, 2008, 2: 153.‌##Brito ÁS, Clementino MA, Gomes MC, Neves ÉT, de Sousa Barbosa A, de Medeiros CA, de Aquino MM, Granville-Garcia AF, de Menezes VA. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with dental caries in preschool children: Analysis using a decision tree. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 Jul 1;36(3):244.##Smyth BS, Caamano F, factors related to dental health in 12-year-old childern: a cross- sectional study in puplis. Gac Sanit 2005; 19(2): 113-9.##Sharma A, Bansal P, Grover A, Sharma S, Sharma A. Oral health status and treatment needs among primary school going children in Nagrota Bagwan block of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2014 Nov;18(6):762##PETERSEN, Poul Erik. World Health Organization global policy for improvement of oral health‐World Health Assembly 2007. International dental journal, 2008, 58.3: 115-121.‌##Gerdtham U-G, Johannesson M. The relationship between happiness, health, and socio-economic factors: results based on Swedish microdata. The Journal of Socio-Economics ۲۰۰۱;۳۰:۵۵۳-۷.##Khodakarami B, Masoumi Z, Oliyayi R, Oliyayi M. The survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of students to oral and dental health in Allameh Helli (1) high school in Hamadan. 3. 2016; 11 (1):15-22.##Jokic NI , Bakarcic D, Jankovic S, Malatestinic G, Dabo J, Majstorovic M, et al. Dental caries experience in Croatian school children in Primorsko-Goranska county. Cent Eur J Pub Health 2013; 21(1): 39-42.##Sheiham A, Watt RG. The common risk factor approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology: Commentary. 2000 Dec;28(6):399-406##Mir Ali morteza, a variaty of diseases by infection of the mouth and medical dndan. Mqalh.2010.168:52-53.##Peterrsen PE. World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Program. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31(Suppl.1): 3-24.##Goodarzi A, Heidarnia A, Niknami S, Heidarnia M. Efficacy of Educational Film for Enhancing Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Elementary Students. J Dent Sch. 2014; 32 (4) :197-201.##Brito ÁS, Clementino MA, Gomes MC, Neves ÉT, de Sousa Barbosa A, de Medeiros CA, de Aquino MM, Granville-Garcia AF, de Menezes VA. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with dental caries in preschool children: Analysis using a decision tree. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 Jul 1;36(3):244.##Yee R, Sheiham A. The burden of restorative dental treatment for children in Third World countries. International Dental Journal 2002;52:7-10.##Pakpour AH, Hidarnia A, Hajizadeh E, Kumar S, Harrison AP. The status of dental caries and related factors in a sample of Iranian adolescents. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sep 1;16(6):e822-7.##WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, et al. Oral health promotion: an essential element of a health-promoting school. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.‌##Kwan SY, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83: 677-85. Http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/16211159.##Mahmoodabad SM, Tanekaboni NR. Survey of some related factors to oral health in high school female students in Yazd, on the basis of health behavior model (HBM). Journal of Birjand university of medical sciences. 2008;15(3):40-7.##Mahmoudianzh. The relationship between nutrition and dental caries in children 3 to 5 years old in the city of Ray, M.D.Thesis, Tehran university of medical science; 2003.##Suresh BS, Ravisankar T1, Chaitra TR, Mother's knowlege about preschool child's oral health. J Indian Soc pedod prev dent 2010; 28(4): 282-7.##CINAR, Ayse Basak; MURTOMAA, Heikki; TSEVEENJAV, Battsetseg. The life-course approach in assessment of dental health: a cross sectional study among Finnish and Turkish pre-adolescents. European journal of dentistry, 2008, 2: 153.‌##Brito ÁS, Clementino MA, Gomes MC, Neves ÉT, de Sousa Barbosa A, de Medeiros CA, de Aquino MM, Granville-Garcia AF, de Menezes VA. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with dental caries in preschool children: Analysis using a decision tree. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 Jul 1;36(3):244.##Smyth BS, Caamano F, factors related to dental health in 12-year-old childern: a cross- sectional study in puplis. Gac Sanit 2005; 19(2): 113-9.##Sharma A, Bansal P, Grover A, Sharma S, Sharma A. Oral health status and treatment needs among primary school going children in Nagrota Bagwan block of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2014 Nov;18(6):762 ##

طراحی پرسشنامه سنجش دانش، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در زمینه سلامت دهان Designing the questionnaire to evaluate mother’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about oral health 1 1 زمینه و هدف: بررسی آگاهی والدین از سلامت دهان و دندان گام نخست در مداخلات آموزش سلامت دهان می باشد. داشتن یک پرسشنامه استاندارد برای این امر ضروری است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف طراحی یک پرسشنامه‌ی استاندارد برای مطالعه سنجش دانش، نگرش و عملکرد والدین طراحی شد. مواد و روش ها: در این تحقیق؛ ابتدا حوزه های مورد انتظار توسط متخصصین دندانپزشکی کودکان و سلامت دهان مشخص شد. سپس سؤالات مرتبط با هر حوزه مشخص گردید. پس از تعیین اعتبار ظاهری؛ پرسشنامه‌ی اولیه طراحی و نظرات متخصص دندانپزشکی کودکان خبرگان (10 نفر) و افراد (20 نفر مادر) در سؤالات اعمال گردید. برای تعیین روایی محتوا؛ پرسشنامه توسط خبرگان بازبینی شده و میزان شفافیت، سادگی، ارتباط و مناسب بودن آنها تعیین شد. پرسشنامه‌ی نهایی هم توسط 47 مادر تکمیل و پایایی ابزار با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به دست آمد. میزان توافق و مقدار آماره‌ی کاپا برای هر یک از سؤالات تعیین و گزارش گردید. یافته ها: پرسشنامه‌ی سنجش آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در 26 سؤال دارای شاخص روایی محتوای کافی برخوردار گردید. تعداد سوالات پرسشنامه نهایی 35 سوال شامل 11 سوال دانشی، 9 سوال نگرشی، 6 سوال عملکرد بود. پرسشنامه حاوی 9 سوال مشخصات دموگرافیک نیز می باشد. همچنین؛ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ در بررسی تکرارپذیری پاسخ‌ مادران به سؤالات پرسشنامه هم برابر 813/0 به دست آمد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به استفاده از تکنیک‌های استاندارد برای طراحی ابزار تحقیق و نتایج به دست آمده در آن درباره‌ی شاخص‌های روایی و پایایی؛ به نظر می‌رسید که این پرسشنامه‌ی طراحی شده بتواند با اطمینان لازم به عنوان یک ابزار روا و پایا برای تعیین میزان دانش، نگرش و عملکرد والدین در حوزه سلامت دهان به کار گرفته شود. 2 Background: Parental knowledge about oral health is the first step in oral health education interventions. It is necessary to have a standard questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to design a standard questionnaire to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitude and practice. Materials and methods: In this study, the expected areas were identified by pediatric dental and oral health professionals. Then the questions related to each area were identified. After determining the face validity, a questionnaire was designed and expert opinions of pediatric dentists (n = 10) and subjects (n = 20 mothers) were used. To determine the content validity, the questionnaires were reviewed by experts and their transparency, simplicity, relevance and suitability were determined. The final questionnaire was completed by 47 mothers and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability of the tool. The agreement and the amount of kappa statistic for each question were determined and reported. Results: The questionnaire of mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice has questions with sufficient content validity. The final questionnaire has 35 questions including 11 knowledge questions, 9 attitude questions, 6 practice questions. It also contains 9 questions about demographic characteristics. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.813 in assessing the mothers' reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Given the use of standard techniques for designing research tools and their results on validity and reliability indices, it seemed that this designed questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable tool for determining parents' knowledge, attitude and practice in oral health 17 28 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 حسین حصاری H Hesari مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری پوسیدگی، گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران پرستو گایینی P Gaeeni مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری پوسیدگی، گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایرتن سیده راحله سهیلی R Soheili گروه آموزشی سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران احمد جعفری A Jafari گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Knowledge Assessment Attitude Oral Health Behavior Mothers Questionnaire Validity Reliability سنجش آگاهی نگرش رفتار سلامت دهان مادران پرسشنامه روایی پایایی Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY، Petersen PE، Pine CM،Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Sheiham A. Oral health، general health and quality of life. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):644-.##Selecky MC، Hayes M، Mares A، Grinnell S، Nandi P،Alves-Dunkerson J، et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA،Maciel SM، Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR، Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Petersen PE, Peng B، Tai B،Bian Z، Fan M. Effect of a school‐based oral health education programme in Wuhan City، Peoples Republic of China. Int Dent J. 2004;54(1):33-41.##Al‐Tamimi S، Petersen PE. Oral health situation of schoolchildren، mothers and schoolteachers in Saudi Arabia.Int Dent J. 1998;48(3):180-6.##Kranz AM،Rozier RG،Zeldin LP،Preisser JS. Oral health activities of early head start teachers directed toward children and parents. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(2):161-9.##NYANDINDI U، MILÉN A، PALIN-PALOKAS T، ROBISON V. Impact of oral health education on primary school children before and after teachers' training in Tanzania. Health Promotion International. 1996; 11(3):193-201.##KUBO, Fabíola Mayumi Miyauchi; DE PAULA, Janice Simpson; MIALHE, Fábio Luiz. Teachers' views about barriers in implement oral health education for school children: A qualitative study. Brazilian Dental Science, 2014, 17.4: 65-73.‌##RAMROOP, V.; WRIGHT, D.; NAIDU, R. Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward developing dental health education. West Indian Medical Journal, 2011, 60.5: 576-580.‌##Wylie AH. teachers oral health knowledge، attitude and practices. Saudi Med J. 2002;23(1):77-81##Lang P، Woolfolk MW، Faja BW. Oral health knowledge and attitudes of elementary schoolteachers in Michigan. J Public Health Dent. 1989;49(1):44-50.##MARANHÃO, Monique Cansanção, et al. Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward dental health education in Maceió, Brazil. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 2014, 14.2: 115-128.‌##RWAKATEMA, D. S., et al. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents/guardians of pre-school children in Moshi, Tanzania. East African Medical Journal, 2009, 86.11: 520-525.‌##NAGARAJAPPA, Ramesh, et al. Infant oral health: Knowledge, attitude and practices of parents in Udaipur, India. Dental research journal, 2013, 10.5: 659.‌##JAIN, Romi; OSWAL, Kunal C.; CHITGUPPI, Rajeev. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers toward their children's oral health: A questionnaire survey among subpopulation in Mumbai (India). J Dent Res Sci Develop, 2014, 1.2: 40-5.‌##SURESH, B. S., et al. Mother's knowledge about pre-school child's oral health. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2010, 28.4: 282.‌##SOGI, HP Suma, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A Questionnaire study. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2016, 5.2: 286.‌##Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology. 1975; 28(4):563-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x##ZAMANZADEH, Vahid, et al. Design and implementation content validity study: development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. Journal of caring sciences, 2015, 4.2:165.‌##HATTNE, Kerstin; FOLKE, Solgun; TWETMAN, Svante. Attitudes to oral health among adolescents with high caries risk. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2007, 65.4: 206-213.‌##TOLVANEN, Mimmi, et al. Changes in children's oral health‐related behavior, knowledge and attitudes during a 3.4‐yr randomized clinical trial and oral health‐promotion program. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2009, 117.4: 390-397.‌##Watt RG. Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):711-8.##Kwan SY، Petersen PE، Pine CM،Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):677-85.##Sheiham A. Oral health، general health and quality of life. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):644-.##Selecky MC، Hayes M، Mares A، Grinnell S، Nandi P،Alves-Dunkerson J، et al. School- based Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Program Guidelines. 3 ed. Washington State: Washington State Department of Health 2012.##Conrado CA،Maciel SM، Oliveira MR. A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa-PR، Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(1):27-33.##Petersen PE, Peng B، Tai B،Bian Z، Fan M. Effect of a school‐based oral health education programme in Wuhan City، Peoples Republic of China. Int Dent J. 2004;54(1):33-41.##Al‐Tamimi S، Petersen PE. Oral health situation of schoolchildren، mothers and schoolteachers in Saudi Arabia.Int Dent J. 1998;48(3):180-6.##Kranz AM،Rozier RG،Zeldin LP،Preisser JS. Oral health activities of early head start teachers directed toward children and parents. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(2):161-9.##NYANDINDI U، MILÉN A، PALIN-PALOKAS T، ROBISON V. Impact of oral health education on primary school children before and after teachers' training in Tanzania. Health Promotion International. 1996; 11(3):193-201.##KUBO, Fabíola Mayumi Miyauchi; DE PAULA, Janice Simpson; MIALHE, Fábio Luiz. Teachers' views about barriers in implement oral health education for school children: A qualitative study. Brazilian Dental Science, 2014, 17.4: 65-73.‌##RAMROOP, V.; WRIGHT, D.; NAIDU, R. Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward developing dental health education. West Indian Medical Journal, 2011, 60.5: 576-580.‌##Wylie AH. teachers oral health knowledge، attitude and practices. Saudi Med J. 2002;23(1):77-81##Lang P، Woolfolk MW، Faja BW. Oral health knowledge and attitudes of elementary schoolteachers in Michigan. J Public Health Dent. 1989;49(1):44-50.##MARANHÃO, Monique Cansanção, et al. Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward dental health education in Maceió, Brazil. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 2014, 14.2: 115-128.‌##RWAKATEMA, D. S., et al. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents/guardians of pre-school children in Moshi, Tanzania. East African Medical Journal, 2009, 86.11: 520-525.‌##NAGARAJAPPA, Ramesh, et al. Infant oral health: Knowledge, attitude and practices of parents in Udaipur, India. Dental research journal, 2013, 10.5: 659.‌##JAIN, Romi; OSWAL, Kunal C.; CHITGUPPI, Rajeev. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers toward their children's oral health: A questionnaire survey among subpopulation in Mumbai (India). J Dent Res Sci Develop, 2014, 1.2: 40-5.‌##SURESH, B. S., et al. Mother's knowledge about pre-school child's oral health. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2010, 28.4: 282.‌##SOGI, HP Suma, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A Questionnaire study. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2016, 5.2: 286.‌##Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology. 1975; 28(4):563-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x##ZAMANZADEH, Vahid, et al. Design and implementation content validity study: development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. Journal of caring sciences, 2015, 4.2:165.‌##HATTNE, Kerstin; FOLKE, Solgun; TWETMAN, Svante. Attitudes to oral health among adolescents with high caries risk. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2007, 65.4: 206-213.‌##TOLVANEN, Mimmi, et al. Changes in children's oral health‐related behavior, knowledge and attitudes during a 3.4‐yr randomized clinical trial and oral health‐promotion program. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2009, 117.4: 390-397.‌ ##

بررسی ترس از دندانپزشکی کودکان 8-3 ساله مراجعه کننده به دانشکده دندانپزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد Evaluation of dentistry fear in 3-8 years old children referred to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ترس از دندانپزشکی، یک عامل کلیدی در جلوگیری از مراجعه کودکان، تاخیر و حتی لغو قرار ملاقات دندانپزشکی محسوب میشود.از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی ترس از دندان پزشکی کودکان 8-3 ساله مراجعه کننده به بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان دانشکده دندان پزشکی شهید صندوقی یزد و مقایسه این دو گروه با هم در سال 1396-1395 انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه ، تعداد 158 کودک 8-3 ساله مراجعه کننده به بخش دندان پزشکی کودکان، انتخاب و از پرسشنامه (CFSS-DS) جهت ارزیابی ترس و اضطراب و فرانکل برای ارزیابی رفتار کودک استفاده گردید. داده ها پس از جمع آوری در محیط نرم افزار SPSS17 وارد کامپیوتر شده و از آزمون های آماری T-test و ANOVA استفاده گردید. یافته ها: تعداد، 124 نفر(5/78درصد) با رنج سنی 3 تا 6 سال و 34 نفر (5/21درصد) با رنج سنی 6 تا 8 سال، (58درصد) پسر و (42درصد) دختر بودند. میانگین نمره مقیاس CFSS-DS در کودکان مورد بررسی، 55/10±60/45 با حداقل میزان 21 و حداکثر میزان 66 و میانگین نمره مقیاس فرانکل 06/1±71/2 با حداقل میزان 1 و حداکثر میزان 4 بوده است. طبق این نتایج بین نمره مقیاس CFSS-DS و نمره مقیاس فرانکل با متغیر سن، همبستگی معناداری دیده شد (000/0= P) و با فرانکل ارتباط مثبت معنادار وجود داشت (001/0= P). نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد که اقدامات دندانپزشکی در کودکان 3-6 ساله با ترس و استرس بیشتری نسبت به گروه 6-8 سال بوده و نگرش کودکان نسبت به دندانپزشکی خنثی (بین مثبت و منفی) است و افزایش سن، موثرترین فاکتور بر کاهش ترس و استرس کودکان و مثبت کردن نگرش آنها بوده است. 2 Background: Fear of dentistry known as a key factor in preventing children from referring to the dentist even delaying or cancelling dental appointments. In this regard the aim of this study was to identify the fear of dental dentistry in 3-8 years old children referring to pediatric dentistry department of Shahid Sadoughi dental school of Yazd and to compare the two aged groups in 2015-2016. Materials and methods: In this study, 158 children aged 3–8 years referred to pediatric dentistry were selected and Questionnaire (CFSS-DS) was used to assess fear and anxiety and Frankel was used to assess child behavior. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-test Results: The study was conducted on 158 children. Of these children, 124 (78.5%) ranged in age from 3 to 6 years and 34 (21.5%) ranged in age from 6 to 8 years, 92 (58%) boys and 66 (42%) girls and 112 (71%) had dental treatment history and 45 (29%) had no dental treatment history. The mean CFSS-DS scale score in the children under study was 45.60±10.55with a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 66 and the mean of the Frankel scale was 2.71±1.65with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 4.Results showed a significant correlation between CFSS-DS score and Frankel scale score with age variable (significant negative correlation with CFSS-DS (r=-0.334, p=0.000) and significant positive correlation with Frankel (r=0.258, p=0.001)). Conclusion: It seems that dental treatment in 3-8 year old children is associated with fear and stress and children's attitude towards dental practice is neutral (between positive and negative) and increasing age is the only factor affecting them. Reduce children's fear and stress and make their attitudes positive. 29 40 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 مهدی قندهاری مطلق M Ghandharimotlagh دانشیار، بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی تهران، ایران ایران فائزه فتوحی F Fotouhi استادیار، بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران بنت الهدا قندهاری مطلق B Ghandharimotlagh مربی، بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آجا، تهران، ایران ایران حسین جویا H Jouya دانشجوی دندانپزشکی، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران Fear Dentistry Children. ترس دندانپزشکی کودک. Carrillo-Diaz M, Crego A, Armfield JM, Romero-Maroto M. Treatment experience, frequency of dental visits, and children's dental fear: a cognitive approach. Eur J Oral Sci 2012;120(1):75-81.##Aartman IH, van Everdingen T, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs AH. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;65(4):252-8, 229-30.##El-Housseiny AA, Alamoudi NM, Farsi NM, El Derwi DA. Characteristics of dental fear among Arabic-speaking children: a descriptive study. BMC Oral Health 2014;14:118.##Raj S, Agarwal M, Aradhya K, Konde S, Nagakishore V. Evaluation of Dental Fear in Children during Dental Visit using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):12-5.##Klingberg G. Dental fear and behavior control problems. In Koch GP. Pediatric Dentistry: A clinical approach.: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.##de Carvalho RW, de Carvalho Bezerra Falcao PG, de Luna Campos GJ, de Souza Andrade ES, do Egito Vasconcelos BC, da Silva Pereira MA. Prevalence and predictive factors of dental anxiety in Brazilian adolescents. J Dent Child (Chic) 2013;80(1):41-6.##Ma L, Wang M, Jing Q, Zhao J, Wan K, Xu Q. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children's Fear SurveySchedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015;25(2):110-6.##ten Berg M. Dental fear in children: clinical consequences. Suggested behaviour management strategies in treating children with dental fear. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9 Suppl 1:41-6.##Ingman KA, Ollendick TH, Akande A. Cross-cultural aspects of fears in African children and adolescents. Behav Res Ther 1999;37(4):337-45.##Bajric E, Kobaslija S, Juric H. Reliability and validity of Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011;11(4):214-8.##El-Housseiny AA, Alsadat FA, Alamoudi NM, El Derwi DA, Farsi NM, Attar MH, et al. Reliability and validity of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscalefor Arabic-speaking children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:49.##Lalic M, Aleksic E, Milic J, Malesevic A, Jovicic B. Reliability and validity of the Serbian version of Children's Dental Fear Questionnaire. Vojnosanit Pregl 2015;72(7):602-7.##Akbay Oba A, Dulgergil CT, Sonmez IS. Prevalence of dental anxiety in 7- to 11-year-old children and its relationship to dental caries. Med Princ Pract 2009;18(6):453-7.##Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM. The Dental Fear Survey Schedule: a study with Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1993;3(4):193-8.##Chellappah NK, Vignehsa H, Milgrom P, Lam LG. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in children in Singapore. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1990;18(5):269-71.##Ilieva E, Veleganova V, Petrova S, Belcheva A. A study on fear provoking factors in students from the town of Plovdiv. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2001;43(1-2):16-9.##Majstorovic M, Veerkamp JS, Skrinjaric I. Reliability and validity of measures used in assessing dental anxiety in 5- to 15-year-old Croatian children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4(4):197-202.##ten Berge M, Hoogstraten J, Veerkamp JS, Prins PJ. The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule: a factor analytic study inThe Netherlands. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26(5):340-3.##ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002;30(2):101-7.##D'Alessandro G, Alkhamis N, Mattarozzi K, Mazzetti M, Piana G. Fear of dental pain in Italian children: child personality traits and parental dental fear. J Public Health Dent 2015.##Luoto A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Pohjola V, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Individualchanges in dental fear among children and parents: a longitudinal study. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72(8):942-7.##Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology 2013;14(4):4-17.##Dean J. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 10th ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2016.##Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental Fear and Concomitant Factors in 3-6 Year-old Children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012;6(2):70-4.##Lee CY, Chang YY, Huang ST. Prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. J Public Health Dent 2007;67(1):36-41.##Raducanu AM, Feraru V, Herteliu C. Assessment of the prevalence if dental fear and its causes among children and adolescents attending a department of paediatric dentistry in Bucharest. OHDMBSC 2009;8:42-9.##Humphris G, King K. The prevalence of dental anxiety across previous distressing experiences. J Anxiety Disord 2011;25(2):232-6.##Krikken JB, van Wijk AJ, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JS. Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree? Int J Paediatr Dent 2013;23(2):94-100.##Klein U, Manangkil R, DeWitt P. Parents' Ability to Assess Dental Fear in their Six- to 10-year-old Children. Pediatr Dent 2015;37(5):436-41.##Carrillo-Diaz M, Crego A, Armfield JM, Romero-Maroto M. Treatment experience, frequency of dental visits, and children's dental fear: a cognitive approach. Eur J Oral Sci 2012;120(1):75-81.##Aartman IH, van Everdingen T, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs AH. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;65(4):252-8, 229-30.##El-Housseiny AA, Alamoudi NM, Farsi NM, El Derwi DA. Characteristics of dental fear among Arabic-speaking children: a descriptive study. BMC Oral Health 2014;14:118.##Raj S, Agarwal M, Aradhya K, Konde S, Nagakishore V. Evaluation of Dental Fear in Children during Dental Visit using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):12-5.##Klingberg G. Dental fear and behavior control problems. In Koch GP. Pediatric Dentistry: A clinical approach.: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.##de Carvalho RW, de Carvalho Bezerra Falcao PG, de Luna Campos GJ, de Souza Andrade ES, do Egito Vasconcelos BC, da Silva Pereira MA. Prevalence and predictive factors of dental anxiety in Brazilian adolescents. J Dent Child (Chic) 2013;80(1):41-6.##Ma L, Wang M, Jing Q, Zhao J, Wan K, Xu Q. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children's Fear SurveySchedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015;25(2):110-6.##ten Berg M. Dental fear in children: clinical consequences. Suggested behaviour management strategies in treating children with dental fear. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9 Suppl 1:41-6.##Ingman KA, Ollendick TH, Akande A. Cross-cultural aspects of fears in African children and adolescents. Behav Res Ther 1999;37(4):337-45.##Bajric E, Kobaslija S, Juric H. Reliability and validity of Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011;11(4):214-8.##El-Housseiny AA, Alsadat FA, Alamoudi NM, El Derwi DA, Farsi NM, Attar MH, et al. Reliability and validity of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscalefor Arabic-speaking children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:49.##Lalic M, Aleksic E, Milic J, Malesevic A, Jovicic B. Reliability and validity of the Serbian version of Children's Dental Fear Questionnaire. Vojnosanit Pregl 2015;72(7):602-7.##Akbay Oba A, Dulgergil CT, Sonmez IS. Prevalence of dental anxiety in 7- to 11-year-old children and its relationship to dental caries. Med Princ Pract 2009;18(6):453-7.##Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM. The Dental Fear Survey Schedule: a study with Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1993;3(4):193-8.##Chellappah NK, Vignehsa H, Milgrom P, Lam LG. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in children in Singapore. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1990;18(5):269-71.##Ilieva E, Veleganova V, Petrova S, Belcheva A. A study on fear provoking factors in students from the town of Plovdiv. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2001;43(1-2):16-9.##Majstorovic M, Veerkamp JS, Skrinjaric I. Reliability and validity of measures used in assessing dental anxiety in 5- to 15-year-old Croatian children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4(4):197-202.##ten Berge M, Hoogstraten J, Veerkamp JS, Prins PJ. The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule: a factor analytic study inThe Netherlands. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26(5):340-3.##ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002;30(2):101-7.##D'Alessandro G, Alkhamis N, Mattarozzi K, Mazzetti M, Piana G. Fear of dental pain in Italian children: child personality traits and parental dental fear. J Public Health Dent 2015.##Luoto A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Pohjola V, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Individualchanges in dental fear among children and parents: a longitudinal study. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72(8):942-7.##Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology 2013;14(4):4-17.##Dean J. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 10th ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2016.##Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental Fear and Concomitant Factors in 3-6 Year-old Children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012;6(2):70-4.##Lee CY, Chang YY, Huang ST. Prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. J Public Health Dent 2007;67(1):36-41.##Raducanu AM, Feraru V, Herteliu C. Assessment of the prevalence if dental fear and its causes among children and adolescents attending a department of paediatric dentistry in Bucharest. OHDMBSC 2009;8:42-9.##Humphris G, King K. The prevalence of dental anxiety across previous distressing experiences. J Anxiety Disord 2011;25(2):232-6.##Krikken JB, van Wijk AJ, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JS. Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree? Int J Paediatr Dent 2013;23(2):94-100.##Klein U, Manangkil R, DeWitt P. Parents' Ability to Assess Dental Fear in their Six- to 10-year-old Children. Pediatr Dent 2015;37(5):436-41. ##

بررسی دانش و نگرش مرتبط با مراقبت سلامت دهان در زنان باردار در دانشجویان سال آخر دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of senior dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences regarding oral health care in pregnant women 1 1 زمینه و هدف: تغییرات هورمونی و تغییر در فلور دهان در زنان باردار مشکلات سلامت دهان را در پی دارد که می تواند سلامت مادر باردار و جنین را به خطر بیندازد. مطالعات نشان داده اند دانش دندانپزشکان و وضعیت ارائه خدمات در زمینه سلامت دهان و دندان مادران باردار نامناسب است. لذا هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی دانش، و نگرش دانشجویان سال آخر دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در رابطه با سلامت دهان و دندان در زنان باردار بود. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه مقطعی توصیفی-تحلیلی، بصورت سرشماری بر روی 109 نفر از دانشجویان سال آخر دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در سال 1397 انجام شد. جمع آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه ای روا و پایا صورت گرفت که حاوی سه بخش: اطلاعات زمینه ای، سوالات دانش مرتبط با سلامت دهان و دندان زنان باردار، و نگرش مرتبط با سلامت دهان و دندان زنان باردار بود. برای توصیف داده ها از روش های آماری توصیفی، و به منظور آنالیز تحلیلی داده ها از آزمون رگرسیون خطی و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. یافته ها: 82 پرسشنامه تکمیل شده برگشت داده شد (75Response rate= %). میانگین مجموع امتیازات دانش 80/2 ± 83/15 (از حداکثر قابل کسب 30) و میانگین مجموع امتیازات نگرش 63/3 ±90/49 (از حداکثر قابل کسب 70) بود. مدل رگرسیون خطی نشان داد هیچ یک از عوامل زمینه ای با میانگین نمره دانش رابطه معنی داری ندارند. همچنین مدل رگرسیون خطی نشان داد که دانشگاه محل تحصیل با نمره نگرش رابطه معنی دار آماری دارد (004/0= p 2.75= B) است. ضریب همبستگی Pearson ارتباط معنی داری بین نمره دانش و نمره نگرش نشان نداد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه نشان دهنده دانش متوسط و نگرش خوب دانشجویان نسبت به سلامت دهان و دندان در زنان باردار بود. ارتقاء و به روزرسانی محتوای آموزشی در برخی حوزه های دانشی همراه با تلاش در جهت بهبود نگرش دانشجویان دندانپزشکی باید در نظر گرفته شود. 2 Background: Hormonal changes and oral microflora alteration put pregnant women in higher risk for oral health problems which may lead to dangerous situations for both mother and her fetus. Studies have shown that dentist’s knowledge, and provision of services regarding pregnant women’ oral health are in an unacceptable level. There for, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences on oral health care in pregnant women. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all senior dental students (n=109), were asked to participate by census. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of questions on background information, knowledge, and attitude towards oral health care in pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data; linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: Totally, 82 completed questionnaires were collected (response rate=75%). The mean score of knowledge, and attitude were (15.83±2.80) (out of 30), and 49.90±3.63 (out of 70), respectively. There was no statistical relationship between knowledge score and background characteristics. Attitude score had a significant relationship with studying campus (p=0.004, B=2.75). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant relationship between knowledge, and attitude scores. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that knowledge and attitude of students on oral health care in pregnant women is moderate. Promoting and updating educational content in some areas of knowledge along with efforts to improve the attitude of dental students should be considered. 41 54 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 مهتاب ذبیحی یگانه M Zabihi yeganeh دندانپزشک، تهران، ایران ایران سیمین زهرا محبی S Mohebbi استاد گروه سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران کتایون سرگران K Sargeran مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری از پوسیدگی دندان، پژوهشکده علوم دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران سمانه رازقی S Razeghi دانشیار گروه سلامت دهان و دندانپزشکی اجتماعی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران pregnant women oral health dental students knowledge attitude. سلامت دهان و دندان؛ زنان باردار؛ دانش؛ نگرش؛ دانشجویان دندان پزشکی Aljulayfi I, Alrusayni A, Alqahtani S, Hamam MK. Awareness of dental interns in managing cases of pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2015;6(1):26-9.##George A, Shamim S, Johnson M, Dahlen H, Ajwani S, Bhole S, et al. How do dental and prenatal care practitioners perceive dental care during pregnancy? Current evidence and implications. Birth. 2012;39(3):238-47.##Mohebbi S Z, Yazdani R, Mirmolaei S T, Tartar Z, Janeshin A. Effect of an educational intervention about midwifery students' knowledge and preparedness on oral health care in pregnant mothers. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2013; 26 (4) :306-313.##Achtari MD, Georgakopoulou EA, Afentoulide N. Dental care throughout pregnancy: what a dentist must know. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2012;11(4): 76-169.##Da Costa EP, Lee JY, Rozier RG, Zeldin L. Dental care for pregnant women. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2010;141(8):986-94.##George A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Dahlen HG, Reath J, Korda A, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practises of dentists towards oral health care during pregnancy: A cross sectional survey in New South Wales, Australia. Australian Dental Journal. 2017;62(3):301-10.##Hajmohammadi E, Bagheri A, Yazdani J, Ghavimi M, Allah-Gholilou R, Ebadi M. General dentists' awareness about management of pregnant women dental problems. International Journal of Innovations in Medical Education and Research. 2016;2(1):28-32.##MossananMozafari P, Pakfetrat A, Amirchaghmaghi M, FarkhondehAghideh N. Evaluation of Awareness of General Dentists and Dental Specialists about Dental Management of Pregnant and Diabetic Patients. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2013;36(4):317-326.##Molania T, Mousavi J, Ghorbani A, Shirzad A, Ghobadi F, Salehi M. Knowledge and Practice of General Dentists about Dental Management during Pregnancy. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 26 (142) :254-258.##Patil S, Thakur R, Madhu K, Paul ST, Gadicherla P. Oral health coalition: knowledge, attitude, practice behaviours among gynaecologists and dental practitioners. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2013;5(1):8.##Mushtaq F HB, Ansari A, Javed N. Awareness of Dental Interns in Managing Cases of Pregnant Women at DUHS, Karachi. International Journal of Medical Research Professionals. 2018;4(1):218-23.##Tantradi P, Madanshetty P. Knowledge of dental interns about management of dental needs of pregnant patients. Journal of Education and Ethics in Dentistry. 2013;3(2):76.##Huebner CE, Milgrom P, Conrad D, Lee RSY. Providing dental care to pregnant patients: a survey of Oregon general dentists. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2009;140(2):211-22.##Lee RS-Y, Milgrom P, Huebner CE, Conrad DA. Dentists' perceptions of barriers to providing dental care to pregnant women. Women's Health Issues. 2010;20(5):359-65.##Cengiz SB. The pregnant patient: Considerations for dental management and drug use. Quintessence International. 2007;38(3).##American Dental Association. Oral health topics in pregnancy 2019 [Available from: https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/pregnancy.##Aljulayfi I, Alrusayni A, Alqahtani S, Hamam MK. Awareness of dental interns in managing cases of pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2015;6(1):26-9.##George A, Shamim S, Johnson M, Dahlen H, Ajwani S, Bhole S, et al. How do dental and prenatal care practitioners perceive dental care during pregnancy? Current evidence and implications. Birth. 2012;39(3):238-47.##Mohebbi S Z, Yazdani R, Mirmolaei S T, Tartar Z, Janeshin A. Effect of an educational intervention about midwifery students' knowledge and preparedness on oral health care in pregnant mothers. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2013; 26 (4) :306-313.##Achtari MD, Georgakopoulou EA, Afentoulide N. Dental care throughout pregnancy: what a dentist must know. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2012;11(4): 76-169.##Da Costa EP, Lee JY, Rozier RG, Zeldin L. Dental care for pregnant women. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2010;141(8):986-94.##George A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Dahlen HG, Reath J, Korda A, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practises of dentists towards oral health care during pregnancy: A cross sectional survey in New South Wales, Australia. Australian Dental Journal. 2017;62(3):301-10.##Hajmohammadi E, Bagheri A, Yazdani J, Ghavimi M, Allah-Gholilou R, Ebadi M. General dentists' awareness about management of pregnant women dental problems. International Journal of Innovations in Medical Education and Research. 2016;2(1):28-32.##MossananMozafari P, Pakfetrat A, Amirchaghmaghi M, FarkhondehAghideh N. Evaluation of Awareness of General Dentists and Dental Specialists about Dental Management of Pregnant and Diabetic Patients. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2013;36(4):317-326.##Molania T, Mousavi J, Ghorbani A, Shirzad A, Ghobadi F, Salehi M. Knowledge and Practice of General Dentists about Dental Management during Pregnancy. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 26 (142) :254-258.##Patil S, Thakur R, Madhu K, Paul ST, Gadicherla P. Oral health coalition: knowledge, attitude, practice behaviours among gynaecologists and dental practitioners. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2013;5(1):8.##Mushtaq F HB, Ansari A, Javed N. Awareness of Dental Interns in Managing Cases of Pregnant Women at DUHS, Karachi. International Journal of Medical Research Professionals. 2018;4(1):218-23.##Tantradi P, Madanshetty P. Knowledge of dental interns about management of dental needs of pregnant patients. Journal of Education and Ethics in Dentistry. 2013;3(2):76.##Huebner CE, Milgrom P, Conrad D, Lee RSY. Providing dental care to pregnant patients: a survey of Oregon general dentists. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2009;140(2):211-22.##Lee RS-Y, Milgrom P, Huebner CE, Conrad DA. Dentists' perceptions of barriers to providing dental care to pregnant women. Women's Health Issues. 2010;20(5):359-65.##Cengiz SB. The pregnant patient: Considerations for dental management and drug use. Quintessence International. 2007;38(3).##American Dental Association. Oral health topics in pregnancy 2019 [Available from: https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/pregnancy. ##

تعیین نگرش و عملکرد دانشجویان دندانپزشکی درباره‌ی توصیه‌های مدیریت پیشگیرانه و درمانی Attitude and practice of dental students about preventive and therapeutic management 1 1 زمینه و هدف: برخی بیماری‌ها توسط یک عامل واحد ایجاد شده و برخی دیگر از جمله پوسیدگی دندانی، به واسطه‌ی عوامل رفتاری، بیولوژیک و اجتماعی-اقتصادی مختلفی ایجاد می‌شوند. هدف از این مطالعه نگرش و عملکرد دانشجویان دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در مورد ارزیابی خطر پوسیدگی در کودکان است. مواد و روش ها: این تحقیق با روش توصیفی مقطعی روی دانشجویان دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران که واحد دندان پزشکی کودکان عملی را در نمیسال دوم سال تحصیلی 98-1397 اخذ نموده اند، انجام شد. روش نمونه گیری به صورت غیر تصادفی و نمونه ها به صورت سرشماری (همه شماری) وارد مطالعه شدند. از یک پرسشنامه استاندارد شده جهت مطالعه استفاده شد. پس از تایید ترجمه و روایی صوری آن، بخش اصلی تحقیق با فراخوان دانشجویانی که واحد دندانپزشکی کودکان عملی را داشتند آغاز شد. پس از جمع آوری پرسشنامه ها، داده ها در نرم افزار Excel وارد شد و با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه ی 0/25 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. جهت بررسی اثر متغیر های دموگرافیک و زمینه ای بر میزان آگاهی و نگرش و عملکرد از مدل رگرسیون خطی استفاده شد. یافته ها: تعداد افراد شرکت کننده در مطالعه در مجموع 58 نفر که که تعداد 31 نفر(5/53%) دختر و 27 نفر (5/46%) پسر بوده است. میانگین نمره عملکرد دانشجویان (2.25±) 22.38 از 32 نمره ممکن بود. و میانگین نمره نگرشی دانشجویان (83/1±) 76/18 از 30 نمره ممکن بود. نتیجه گیری: عملکرد دانشجویان در توصیه‌های پیشگیرانه و درمان پوسیدگی قابل قبول بوده است، هرچند نیاز به برخی آموزش‌ها درباره‌ی تجویز محصولاتی مانند زایلیتول و فسفات کلسیم آمورف و ژل سدیم فلوراید ودهانشویه های ضد باکتری وجود دارد. 2 Background: Some diseases are caused by a single factor and others, including dental caries, are caused by different behavioral, biological and socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude and practice of dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences about caries risk assessment in children. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences who received practical pediatric dentistry in the second semester of the academic year 1397-98. Non-random sampling and samples They were included in the census. A standardized questionnaire was used for the study. The prospectus was translated and distributed to face validity among 9 professors and 14 senior dental students who had completed their children's dental course and were graduating. After the translation was approved, the main part of the research began with a call from students who had a practical pediatric dentistry unit. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were entered into Excel software and analyzed using SPSS software version 25/0. To investigate the effect of demographic and contextual variables Knowledge, attitude and practice were analyzed using linear regression model. Results: The total number of participants was 58 (31.5%) were female and 27 (46.5%) were male. The mean performance score of students (2.25%) was 22.38 out of 32 possible. The mean score of students' attitude was 18.76 (/ 1.83) out of 30. Conclusion: Student's performance in preventive recommendations and treatment of caries was acceptable, although some training was needed on the administration of products such as xylitol and amorphous calcium phosphate and sodium fluoride gel and antibacterial agents. 55 62 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 دنیا علینژاد D Alinejad گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران احمد گرامی A Gerami گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران احمد جعفری A Jafari گروه آموزشی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Caries Caries Risk Assessment Attitude Prevention Practice پوسیدگی ارزیابی خطر پوسیدگی نگرش پیشگیری عملکرد Featherstone JD. The caries balance: the basis for caries management by risk assessment. Oral Health Prev Dent 2004;2(1):259-264.##Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical manage-ment. Second Ed. 2002.##Clinical Guidelines: Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. AAPD Revised 2011;4(6):12-13.##Litt MD, Reisine S, Tinanoff N. Multidimensional causal model of dental caries development in low-income pre-school children. Public Health Reports 1995; 110(4):607-617.##Nicolau B, Marcenes W, Bartley M, Sheiham A. A life course approach to assessing causes of dental caries experience: The relationship between biological, behavioural, socio-economic and psychological conditions and caries in adolescents. Caries Res 2003; 37(5):319-326.##Featherstone JD. The caries balance: Contributing fac‌tors and early detection. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003;31(2):129-133.##Jafari A, Safayi H, Pour Hamisi J. General Dentists' Practices on Dental Caries Prevention Services .ijpd. 2015; 11(1) :55-64##BURGETTE, Jacqueline M.; PREISSER, John S.; ROZIER, R. Gary. Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2018, 149.12: 1024-1031. e2.‌##GRUYTHUYSEN, R. J. M., et al. Preventive dentistry 9. Non-Restorative Cavity Treatment: advanced insight or controversial?. Nederlands tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde, 2018, 125.1: 33-41.‌##BATRA, Manu, et al. Integration of oral health in primary health care through motivational interviewing for mothers of young children: A pilot study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2018, 36.1: 86.‌##American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric dentistry. 2013;35(5):E157.##Francisco EM, Johnson TL, Freudenthal JJ, Louis G. Dental hygienists' knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors regarding caries risk assessment and management. American Dental Hygienists' Association. 2013 Dec 1;87(6):353-61.##Twetman S, Fontana M. Patient caries risk assessment. Monogr Oral Sci2009;21:91-101.##Jafari A, Pourjavad F, Montazeri R. Evaluation of general practitioners' treatment choices of deep occlusal caries without pulpal involvement in young permanent teeth. ijpd. 2017; 13 (1) :45-56##Young DA, Featherstone JBD. Implementing caries risk assessment and clinical interventions. Dent Clin N Am 2010; 54:495-505.##Autio-Gold JT, Tomar SL. Dental Students' opinions and knowledge about caries management and prevention. J Dent Educ 2008;72(1):26-32.##Matthijs S, Adriaens PA. Chlorhexidine varnishes: a review. J ClinPeriodontol 2002;29:1-8.##Twetman S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res 2004; 38:223-229.##Caufield PW, Dasanayake AP, Li Y. The antimicrobial approach to caries management. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1091-1095.##American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Professionallyapplied topical fluoride: evidence-based clinical recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137:1151-1159.##Van Loveren C. Sugar alcohols: what is the evidence for caries-preventive and caries-therapeutic effects? Caries Res 2004;38:286-293.##National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life. NIH Consents Statement 2001; 18(1):1-23.##Featherstone JD. The caries balance: the basis for caries management by risk assessment. Oral Health Prev Dent 2004;2(1):259-264.##Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical manage-ment. Second Ed. 2002.##Clinical Guidelines: Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. AAPD Revised 2011;4(6):12-13.##Litt MD, Reisine S, Tinanoff N. Multidimensional causal model of dental caries development in low-income pre-school children. Public Health Reports 1995; 110(4):607-617.##Nicolau B, Marcenes W, Bartley M, Sheiham A. A life course approach to assessing causes of dental caries experience: The relationship between biological, behavioural, socio-economic and psychological conditions and caries in adolescents. Caries Res 2003; 37(5):319-326.##Featherstone JD. The caries balance: Contributing fac‌tors and early detection. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003;31(2):129-133.##Jafari A, Safayi H, Pour Hamisi J. General Dentists' Practices on Dental Caries Prevention Services .ijpd. 2015; 11(1) :55-64##BURGETTE, Jacqueline M.; PREISSER, John S.; ROZIER, R. Gary. Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2018, 149.12: 1024-1031. e2.‌##GRUYTHUYSEN, R. J. M., et al. Preventive dentistry 9. Non-Restorative Cavity Treatment: advanced insight or controversial?. Nederlands tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde, 2018, 125.1: 33-41.‌##BATRA, Manu, et al. Integration of oral health in primary health care through motivational interviewing for mothers of young children: A pilot study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2018, 36.1: 86.‌##American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric dentistry. 2013;35(5):E157.##Francisco EM, Johnson TL, Freudenthal JJ, Louis G. Dental hygienists' knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors regarding caries risk assessment and management. American Dental Hygienists' Association. 2013 Dec 1;87(6):353-61.##Twetman S, Fontana M. Patient caries risk assessment. Monogr Oral Sci2009;21:91-101.##Jafari A, Pourjavad F, Montazeri R. Evaluation of general practitioners' treatment choices of deep occlusal caries without pulpal involvement in young permanent teeth. ijpd. 2017; 13 (1) :45-56##Young DA, Featherstone JBD. Implementing caries risk assessment and clinical interventions. Dent Clin N Am 2010; 54:495-505.##Autio-Gold JT, Tomar SL. Dental Students' opinions and knowledge about caries management and prevention. J Dent Educ 2008;72(1):26-32.##Matthijs S, Adriaens PA. Chlorhexidine varnishes: a review. J ClinPeriodontol 2002;29:1-8.##Twetman S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res 2004; 38:223-229.##Caufield PW, Dasanayake AP, Li Y. The antimicrobial approach to caries management. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1091-1095.##American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Professionallyapplied topical fluoride: evidence-based clinical recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137:1151-1159.##Van Loveren C. Sugar alcohols: what is the evidence for caries-preventive and caries-therapeutic effects? Caries Res 2004;38:286-293.##National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life. NIH Consents Statement 2001; 18(1):1-23. ##

درمان رژنراسیون (ریوسکولاریزاسیون) اولین دندان مولر دایمی نابالغ: گزارش مورد Regeneration (Revascularization) of Immature Permanent First Molar Tooth: A Case Report 1 1 مقدمه: سلامت پالپ دندان طی دوران تکامل اپکس ریشه دندانهای دایمی که معمولا طی سه سال اول بعداز رویش انها صورت میگیرد، اهمیت فراروان دارد.هرگونه صدمه به پالپ دندانی طی عفونت اندودنتیک یا تروما ی فیزیکی باعث ایجاد اختلال در تکامل ریشه و بازماندن اپکس میشود. دراین گزارش به بررسی درمان محافظه کارانه ی دندان نابالغ دایمی پرداخته شده است. گزارش مورد: بیمار پسری سالم، نه ساله با پوسیدگی شدید دندان 36 با ریشه نابالغ جهت درمان مراجعه کرده است.پالپ اکسپوز بود و پاسخی به تستهای حرارتی و الکتریکی نشان نمیداد که نشانگر نکروز پالپی بود.این دندان تحت درمان رژنراسیون دوجلسه ای بااعمال داروی داخل کانال قرار گرفت. نتیجه گیری: اگر درمان مناسبی برای درمان دندانهای نابالغ نکروز انتخاب شود،شکل گیری ریشه می تواند ادامه پیدا کند. 2 Introduction: Dental pulp health is very important during permanent dental root completion that takes place in the first three years after eruption. Any injury to the dental pulp during endodontic treatment or physical trauma causes disruption in the improvement of root formation. In this case it had been searched for a conservative treatment of permanent immature teeth. Case presentation: The patient was a 9 years old boy with severe carries of immature teeth number 36. The pulp was exposed and does not respond to any heat or electric test that shows pulp necrosis. Apexification treatment was done with applying intracanal medicament. Conclusion: If an appropriate treatment is selected for immature necrotic teeth, root formation can be followed. 63 68 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 نجمه محمدی N Mhammadi استادیار دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران یاسمین قهرمانی Y Ghahremani استادیار دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران دردانه غفاری پور D Ghafaripour دستیار تخصصی دندانپزشکی کودکان دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران regeneration revascularization molar رژنراسیون ریوسکولاریزاسیون مولر Huang GT-J. A paradigm shift in endodontic management of immature teeth: conservation of stem cells for regeneration. Journal of dentistry. 2008;36(6):379-86.##Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dental Traumatology. 2005;21(1):1-8.##Cohen S, Burns R. Pathway of the Pulp, 8. Auflage, Mosby, St Louis. 2002;278.##Chueh L-H, Ho Y-C, Kuo T-C, Lai W-H, Chen Y-HM, Chiang C-P. Regenerative endodontic treatment for necrotic immature permanent teeth. Journal of endodontics. 2009;35(2):160-4.##Safi L, Ravanshad S. Continued root formation of a pulpless permanent incisor following root canal treatment: a case report. International endodontic journal. 2005;38(7):489-93.##Huang GT-J, Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang S, Shi S. The hidden treasure in apical papilla: the potential role in pulp/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering. Journal of endodontics.##Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Yamaza T, Tuan RS, Wang S, Shi S, et al. Characterization of the apical papilla and its residing stem cells from human immature permanent teeth: a pilot study. Journal of endodontics. 2008;34(2):166-71.##Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod. 2004;30(4):196-200.##Chueh L-H, Huang GT-J. Immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis or abscess undergoing apexogenesis: a paradigm shift. Journal of endodontics. 2006;32(12):1205-13.##Iwaya Si, Ikawa M, Kubota M. Revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and sinus tract. Dental Traumatology. 2001;17(4):185-7.##Tziafas D, Kodonas K. Differentiation potential of dental papilla, dental pulp, and apical papilla progenitor cells. Journal of endodontics. 2010;36(5):781-9.##Chiba T, Kita K, Zheng YW, Yokosuka O, Saisho H, Iwama A, et al. Side population purified from hepatocellular carcinoma cells harbors cancer stem cell-like properties. Hepatology. 2006;44(1):240-51.##Agata H, Kagami H, Watanabe N, Ueda M. Effect of ischemic culture conditions on the survival and differentiation of porcine dental pulp-derived cells. Differentiation. 2008;76(9):981-93.##Shi S, Gronthos S. Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp. Journal of bone and mineral research. 2003;18(4):696-704.##Abe S, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe A, Hamada K, Amagasa T. Hard tissue regeneration capacity of apical pulp derived cells (APDCs) from human tooth with immature apex. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2008;371(1):90-3.##Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Fang D, Yamaza T, Seo B-M, Zhang C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine. PloS one. 2006;1(1):e79.##Andreasen J, Borum MK, Jacobsen H, Andreasen F. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 4. Factors related to periodontal ligament healing. Dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):76-89.##Sabrah AH, Yassen GH, Gregory RL. Effectiveness of antibiotic medicaments against biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of endodontics. 2013;39(11):1385-9##Huang GT-J. A paradigm shift in endodontic management of immature teeth: conservation of stem cells for regeneration. Journal of dentistry. 2008;36(6):379-86.##Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dental Traumatology. 2005;21(1):1-8.##Cohen S, Burns R. Pathway of the Pulp, 8. Auflage, Mosby, St Louis. 2002;278.##Chueh L-H, Ho Y-C, Kuo T-C, Lai W-H, Chen Y-HM, Chiang C-P. Regenerative endodontic treatment for necrotic immature permanent teeth. Journal of endodontics. 2009;35(2):160-4.##Safi L, Ravanshad S. Continued root formation of a pulpless permanent incisor following root canal treatment: a case report. International endodontic journal. 2005;38(7):489-93.##Huang GT-J, Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang S, Shi S. The hidden treasure in apical papilla: the potential role in pulp/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering. Journal of endodontics.##Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Yamaza T, Tuan RS, Wang S, Shi S, et al. Characterization of the apical papilla and its residing stem cells from human immature permanent teeth: a pilot study. Journal of endodontics. 2008;34(2):166-71.##Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod. 2004;30(4):196-200.##Chueh L-H, Huang GT-J. Immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis or abscess undergoing apexogenesis: a paradigm shift. Journal of endodontics. 2006;32(12):1205-13.##Iwaya Si, Ikawa M, Kubota M. Revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and sinus tract. Dental Traumatology. 2001;17(4):185-7.##Tziafas D, Kodonas K. Differentiation potential of dental papilla, dental pulp, and apical papilla progenitor cells. Journal of endodontics. 2010;36(5):781-9.##Chiba T, Kita K, Zheng YW, Yokosuka O, Saisho H, Iwama A, et al. Side population purified from hepatocellular carcinoma cells harbors cancer stem cell-like properties. Hepatology. 2006;44(1):240-51.##Agata H, Kagami H, Watanabe N, Ueda M. Effect of ischemic culture conditions on the survival and differentiation of porcine dental pulp-derived cells. Differentiation. 2008;76(9):981-93.##Shi S, Gronthos S. Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp. Journal of bone and mineral research. 2003;18(4):696-704.##Abe S, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe A, Hamada K, Amagasa T. Hard tissue regeneration capacity of apical pulp derived cells (APDCs) from human tooth with immature apex. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2008;371(1):90-3.##Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Fang D, Yamaza T, Seo B-M, Zhang C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine. PloS one. 2006;1(1):e79.##Andreasen J, Borum MK, Jacobsen H, Andreasen F. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 4. Factors related to periodontal ligament healing. Dental traumatology. 1995;11(2):76-89.##Sabrah AH, Yassen GH, Gregory RL. Effectiveness of antibiotic medicaments against biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of endodontics. 2013;39(11):1385-9 ##

بازسازی زیبایی و عملکرد دندانها با استفاده از اپلاینس تغییر یافته Groper در کودک پیش دبستانی: گزارش مورد Functional and esthetic rehabilitation for a preschooler child using modified Groper's appliance: a clinical case report 1 1 مقدمه: از دست دادن زودهنگام دندان های شیری بر تغذیه، خواب، رشد و اعتماد به نفس اثر می گذارد. هم چنین این موضوع می تواند باعث حرکت ناخواسته دندان شیری و دائمی گردد. گزارش مورد: این مطالعه به بررسی وضعیت یک پسربچه 5/5 ساله با پوسیدگی شدید، علاوه بر کشیده شدن زودهنگام دندان ها می پردازد. پس از ارزیابی دقیق بالینی و رادیوگرافیک، طرح درمان شامل دو فاز برای کودک در نظر گرفته شد. در فاز اول بر آموزش بهداشت، فلورایدتراپی، درمان ترمیمی، درمان پالپ دندان های قابل نگهداری و کشیدن دندان های غیرقابل نگهداری در نظر گرفته شد. در حالی که در فاز دوم، مدیریت فضای موجود برنامه ریزی شد. نتیجه گیری: در این مطالعه یک مودیفیکیشن جدید از دستگاه Groper جهت هم زمان حفظ و بازپس گیری فضا طراحی شد. با جایگزین کردن دندان های قدامی شیری، کودک و والدین ایشان از نتایج درمان بسیار خوشنود بودند. 2 Introduction: Premature loss of primary teeth affects child's nutrition, sleep, growth, and self-confidence. Besides, it can cause undesirable movement of the primary or permanent teeth. Case presentation: This paper reports a 5.5-year old boy presenting with severe-early childhood caries, who had suffered from early extraction of some primary teeth as well as several other dental problems. After thorough clinical and radiographic evaluations, the treatment plan consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the focus of the treatment was on oral hygiene instruction, fluoride therapy, restorative procedures, pulp treatments, and extraction of non-restorable teeth. In the second phase, space management strategies were considered. Conclusion: We designed a new modification of Groper's appliance to serve as space regainer and space maintainer, simultaneously. By replacing the extracted primary anterior teeth, both the parents and the patient were satisfied with the results. 69 76 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/26 1398/7/4 ندا افضلی بغدادآبادی N Afzalibaghdad abadi دانشجوی فارغ التحصیل بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشکاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران نجمه محمدی N Mohammadi استادیار مرکز تحقیقات دهان و بیماری های دندان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشکاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران آزاده رفیعی A Rafiee استادیار مرکز تحقیقات دهان و بیماری های دندان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشکاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران Aesthetics Rehabilitation Deciduous Tooth Orthodontic Space Maintenances. زیبایی بازسازی دندان شیری فضا نگه دار ارتودنسی Colak H, Dulgergil CT, Dalli M, Hamidi MM. Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine. 2013;4(1):29-38.##Kagihara LE, Niederhauser VP, Stark M. Assessment, management, and prevention of early childhood caries. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2009;21(1):1-10.##Sachdev J, Bansal K, Chopra R. Effect of Comprehensive Dental Rehabilitation on Growth Parameters in Pediatric Patients with Severe Early Childhood Caries. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2016;9(1):15-20.##Peretz B, Ram D, Azo E, Efrat Y. Preschool caries as an indicator of future caries: a longitudinal study. Pediatric dentistry. 2003;25(2):114-8.##Andre Kramer AC, Skeie MS, Skaare AB, Espelid I, Ostberg AL. Caries increment in primary teeth from 3 to 6 years of age: a longitudinal study in Swedish children. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15(3):167-73.##Kapur A, Chawla HS, Goyal A, Gaube K. An esthetic point of view in very young children. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2005;30(2):99-103.##Al-Omiri MK, Karasneh JA, Lynch E, Lamey PJ, Clifford TJ. Impacts of missing upper anterior teeth on daily living. International dental journal. 2009;59(3):127-32.##Turgut MD, Genç GA, Başar F, Tekçiçek MU. The effect of early loss of anterior primary tooth on speech production in preschool children. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;42(5):867-75.##Kalia G, Tandon S, Bhupali NR, Rathore A, Mathur R, Rathore K. Speech evaluation in children with missing anterior teeth and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed functional space maintainer. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018;36(4):391-5.##Casamassimo PS, Fields Jr HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy through Adolescence, 5/e: Elsevier India; 2019.##Simon T, Nwabueze I, Oueis H, Stenger J. Space maintenance in the primary and mixed dentitions. The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association. 2012;94(1):38-40.##Gupta A, Gupta M, Gupta N, Jaiswal J, Jain K. Prosthetic treatment modalities in children. Public Health Research & Development. 2012;3(1):8.##Acs G, Pretzer S, Foley M, Ng MW. Perceived outcomes and parental satisfaction following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatric dentistry. 2001;23(5):419-23.##Jasmin JR, Groper JN. Fabrication of a more durable fixed anterior esthetic appliance. ASDC journal of dentistry for children. 1984;51(2):124-7.##Setia V, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Sekhon HK. Space maintainers in dentistry: past to present. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2013;7(10):2402-5.##Colak H, Dulgergil CT, Dalli M, Hamidi MM. Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine. 2013;4(1):29-38.##Kagihara LE, Niederhauser VP, Stark M. Assessment, management, and prevention of early childhood caries. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2009;21(1):1-10.##Sachdev J, Bansal K, Chopra R. Effect of Comprehensive Dental Rehabilitation on Growth Parameters in Pediatric Patients with Severe Early Childhood Caries. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2016;9(1):15-20.##Peretz B, Ram D, Azo E, Efrat Y. Preschool caries as an indicator of future caries: a longitudinal study. Pediatric dentistry. 2003;25(2):114-8.##Andre Kramer AC, Skeie MS, Skaare AB, Espelid I, Ostberg AL. Caries increment in primary teeth from 3 to 6 years of age: a longitudinal study in Swedish children. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15(3):167-73.##Kapur A, Chawla HS, Goyal A, Gaube K. An esthetic point of view in very young children. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2005;30(2):99-103.##Al-Omiri MK, Karasneh JA, Lynch E, Lamey PJ, Clifford TJ. Impacts of missing upper anterior teeth on daily living. International dental journal. 2009;59(3):127-32.##Turgut MD, Genç GA, Başar F, Tekçiçek MU. The effect of early loss of anterior primary tooth on speech production in preschool children. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;42(5):867-75.##Kalia G, Tandon S, Bhupali NR, Rathore A, Mathur R, Rathore K. Speech evaluation in children with missing anterior teeth and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed functional space maintainer. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018;36(4):391-5.##Casamassimo PS, Fields Jr HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy through Adolescence, 5/e: Elsevier India; 2019.##Simon T, Nwabueze I, Oueis H, Stenger J. Space maintenance in the primary and mixed dentitions. The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association. 2012;94(1):38-40.##Gupta A, Gupta M, Gupta N, Jaiswal J, Jain K. Prosthetic treatment modalities in children. Public Health Research & Development. 2012;3(1):8.##Acs G, Pretzer S, Foley M, Ng MW. Perceived outcomes and parental satisfaction following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatric dentistry. 2001;23(5):419-23.##Jasmin JR, Groper JN. Fabrication of a more durable fixed anterior esthetic appliance. ASDC journal of dentistry for children. 1984;51(2):124-7.##Setia V, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Sekhon HK. Space maintainers in dentistry: past to present. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2013;7(10):2402-5. ##

بررسی تاثیر Dentin bonding agent در پیشگیری از تغییر رنگ دندان توسط CEM cement The effect of Dentin Bonding Agent on the Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Induced by CEM cement 1 1 زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت زیبایی در دندانپزشکی مدرن و با در نظر گرفتن امکان ایجاد تغییر رنگ دندان در اثر استفاده از بیومتریال های مختلف، هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر ماده باند شونده با عاج در پیشگیری از تغییر رنگ دندان توسط Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM cement)می باشد. مواد و روش ها: جهت انجام این مطالعه تحلیلی و آزمایشگاهی، تعداد60 دندان سانترال تک ریشه ماگزیلا به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه CEM Cement بدون Dentin Bonding Agent(DBA) ، CEM Cement+ DBA و گروه کنترل تقسیم شده و در هر گروه ماده مربوطه داخل پالپ چمبر قرار داده شد. سپس رنگ دندان ها، قبل از قرار گیری CEM cement(T0)، بلافاصله بعد از تماس (T1)، بعد از 1 روز (T2)، 7روز (T3) و 30 روز (T4) بررسی شده و میزان تغییر رنگ ایجاد شده محاسبه و ثبت گردید. در نهایت داده ها در محیط نرم افزاری SPSS17 وارد کامپیوتر شده و با آزمونT-Test و Repeated Measure آنالیز گردید. یافته ها: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که در تمامی زمان های مورد بررسی(بلافاصله پس از قرار دادن CEM Cement، یک روز بعد، هفت روز بعد و سی روز بعد) گروه DBA + CEM Cement به صورت معنی داری تغییر رنگ کمتری نسبت به گروه CEM Cement داشت (05/0<p-value) ولی تغییر رنگ در تمامی زمان های مورد بررسی بین گروه کنترل با DBA + CEM Cement و نیز بین کنترل و CEM Cement، اختلاف معنی دار آماری نشان نداد(05/>0p-value). نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که هرچند قرار دادن ماده باند شونده به عاج می تواند موجب کاهش تغییر رنگ در اثر CEM cement شود، اما از تغییر رنگ جلوگیری نمی کند. 2 Background: considering to importance of esthetic in dentistry and possibility of tooth discoloration due to using of different biomaterials; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Dentin Bonding Agent on the Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Induced by CEM cement. Materials and methods: to do his analytical and exprimental study, 60 extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into three groups: CEM without DBA, CEM + DBA cement, and control group and the realated material placed into pulp chamber in each group. Then, the color of the teeth was evaluated before placing the CEM (T0) cement, after contact (T1), after 1 day (T2), 7 days (T3) and 30 days (T4), and the amount of discoloration was calculated and it is registered. Finally, all data analyzed using T-Test and Repeated Measure test Results: The results of this study showed that the cement group DBA + CEM was significantly less than the CEM group at all times (immediately after placement of CEM cement, one day, 7 days later and 30 days later) There are no significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the control group with DBA + CEM cement, as well as between CEM control and cement (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed although placing dental bonding agents could reduce tooth discoloration due to cement cement, but does not prevent color discoloration. 77 84 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/27 1398/10/6 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/27 1398/10/6 فاطمه آیت اللهی F Ayatollahi استادیار بخش اندودانتیکس ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران علیرضا دانش کاظمی A Daneshkazemi استاد بخش ترمیمی، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران مهدی تبریزی زاده M Tabrizizadeh استاد بخش اندودانتیکس ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران سجاد محمدپور S Mohamadpour دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران Color Dentin Bonding Agent Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM cement) رنگ ماده باند شونده به عاج Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM cement) Eghbal MJ, Torabzadeh H, Bagheban AA, Shamszadeh S, Marvasti LA, Asgary S. Color stability of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cement. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry. 2016;7(4):341-6.##Subay RK, Ilhan B, Ulukapi H. Mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in immature teeth: long-term case report. European journal of dentistry. 2013;7(1):133.##Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. International endodontic journal. 2012;45(10):942-9.##Asgary S, Eghbal MJ. The effect of pulpotomy using a calcium-enriched mixture cement versus one-visit root canal therapy on postoperative pain relief in irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial. Odontology. 2010;98(2):126-33.##Ghajari MF, Jeddi TA, Iri S, Asgary S. Direct pulp-capping with calcium enriched mixture in primary molar teeth: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian endodontic journal. 2010;5(1):27.##Esmaeili B, Alaghehmand H, Kordafshari T, Daryakenari G, Ehsani M, Bijani A. Coronal discoloration induced by calcium-enriched mixture, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide: a spectrophotometric analysis. Iranian endodontic journal. 2016;11(1):23.##Warren MA, Wong M, Ingram TA. An in vitro comparison of bleaching agents on the crowns and roots of discolored teeth. Journal of endodontics. 1990;16(10):463-7.##Krastl G, Allgayer N, Lenherr P, Filippi A, Taneja P, Weiger R. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a literature review. Dental traumatology. 2013;29(1):2-7.##Enan ET, Yousef EA. Discoloration of MTA Filled Teeth With and Without Dentine Bonding Agent. clinic.2:3.##Akbari M, Rouhani A, Samiee S, Jafarzadeh H. Effect of dentin bonding agent on the prevention of tooth discoloration produced by mineral trioxide aggregate. International journal of dentistry. 2012;2012.##Valles M, Mercade M, Duran-Sindreu F, Bourdelande JL, Roig M. Color stability of white mineral trioxide aggregate. Clinical oral investigations. 2013;17(4):1155-9.##Torabinejad M, Parirokh M, Dummer PMH. Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview - part II: other clinical applications and complications. International endodontic journal. 2017.##Xavier SR, Pilownic KJ, Gastmann AH, Echeverria MS, Romano AR, Geraldo Pappen F. Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. International journal of dentistry. 2017;2017:7401962.##Rouhani A, Akbari M, Farhadi-faz A. Comparison of tooth discoloration induced by calcium-enriched mixture and mineral trioxide aggregate. Iranian endodontic journal. 2016;11(3):175.##Arman M, Khalilak Z, Rajabi M, Esnaashari E, Saati K. Invitro spectrophotometry of tooth discoloration induced by tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium-enriched mixture cement. Iranian endodontic journal. 2015;10(4):226.##Parsons JR, Walton RE, Ricks-Williamson L. In vitro longitudinal assessment of coronal discoloration from endodontic sealers. Journal of endodontics. 2001;27(11):699-702.##Jang J-H, Kang M, Ahn S, Kim S, Kim W, Kim Y, et al. Tooth discoloration after the use of new pozzolan cement (Endocem) and mineral trioxide aggregateand the effects of internal bleaching. Journal of endodontics. 2013;39(12):1598-602.##Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Parirokh M, Ghoddusi J. Effect of two storage solutions on surface topography of two root‐end fillings. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2009;35(3):147-52.##Asgary S, Parirokh M, Eghbal MJ, Brink F. Chemical differences between white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of endodontics. 2005;31(2):101-3.##Eghbal MJ, Torabzadeh H, Bagheban AA, Shamszadeh S, Marvasti LA, Asgary S. Color stability of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cement. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry. 2016;7(4):341-6.##Subay RK, Ilhan B, Ulukapi H. Mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in immature teeth: long-term case report. European journal of dentistry. 2013;7(1):133.##Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. International endodontic journal. 2012;45(10):942-9.##Asgary S, Eghbal MJ. The effect of pulpotomy using a calcium-enriched mixture cement versus one-visit root canal therapy on postoperative pain relief in irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial. Odontology. 2010;98(2):126-33.##Ghajari MF, Jeddi TA, Iri S, Asgary S. Direct pulp-capping with calcium enriched mixture in primary molar teeth: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian endodontic journal. 2010;5(1):27.##Esmaeili B, Alaghehmand H, Kordafshari T, Daryakenari G, Ehsani M, Bijani A. Coronal discoloration induced by calcium-enriched mixture, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide: a spectrophotometric analysis. Iranian endodontic journal. 2016;11(1):23.##Warren MA, Wong M, Ingram TA. An in vitro comparison of bleaching agents on the crowns and roots of discolored teeth. Journal of endodontics. 1990;16(10):463-7.##Krastl G, Allgayer N, Lenherr P, Filippi A, Taneja P, Weiger R. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a literature review. Dental traumatology. 2013;29(1):2-7.##Enan ET, Yousef EA. Discoloration of MTA Filled Teeth With and Without Dentine Bonding Agent. clinic.2:3.##Akbari M, Rouhani A, Samiee S, Jafarzadeh H. Effect of dentin bonding agent on the prevention of tooth discoloration produced by mineral trioxide aggregate. International journal of dentistry. 2012;2012.##Valles M, Mercade M, Duran-Sindreu F, Bourdelande JL, Roig M. Color stability of white mineral trioxide aggregate. Clinical oral investigations. 2013;17(4):1155-9.##Torabinejad M, Parirokh M, Dummer PMH. Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview - part II: other clinical applications and complications. International endodontic journal. 2017.##Xavier SR, Pilownic KJ, Gastmann AH, Echeverria MS, Romano AR, Geraldo Pappen F. Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. International journal of dentistry. 2017;2017:7401962.##Rouhani A, Akbari M, Farhadi-faz A. Comparison of tooth discoloration induced by calcium-enriched mixture and mineral trioxide aggregate. Iranian endodontic journal. 2016;11(3):175.##Arman M, Khalilak Z, Rajabi M, Esnaashari E, Saati K. Invitro spectrophotometry of tooth discoloration induced by tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium-enriched mixture cement. Iranian endodontic journal. 2015;10(4):226.##Parsons JR, Walton RE, Ricks-Williamson L. In vitro longitudinal assessment of coronal discoloration from endodontic sealers. Journal of endodontics. 2001;27(11):699-702.##Jang J-H, Kang M, Ahn S, Kim S, Kim W, Kim Y, et al. Tooth discoloration after the use of new pozzolan cement (Endocem) and mineral trioxide aggregateand the effects of internal bleaching. Journal of endodontics. 2013;39(12):1598-602.##Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Parirokh M, Ghoddusi J. Effect of two storage solutions on surface topography of two root‐end fillings. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2009;35(3):147-52.##Asgary S, Parirokh M, Eghbal MJ, Brink F. Chemical differences between white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of endodontics. 2005;31(2):101-3. ##

بررسی آزمایشگاهی تغییر رنگ دندان ایجاد شده توسط CEM Cement در سه محیط و زمان های مختلف Invitro investigation of tooth discoloration induced by CEM cement in three media and different time intervals 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه، "زیبایی" به عنوان یکی از جنبه های مهم دندانپزشکی،برای دندانپزشک و بیمار مطرح میباشد.استفاده از برخی مواد دندانپزشکی میتواند باعث تغییر رنگ دندان و در نتیجه نارضایتی بیمار گردد.این مطالعه با هدف بررسی آزمایشگاهی تغییر رنگ دندان بر اثر CEM cement در سه Media و بازه های زمانی مختلف انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: تاج۴۰ دندان سانترال ماگزیلای کشیده شده در یک سوم کرونالی ریشه و یک میلیمتر زیر CEJ در قسمت باکال مقطع زده شد.حفره دسترسی به کانال ریشه تهیه و کل محتویات پالپ چمبر خارج گشت. سپس حفره ای با ابعاد دو برابر قطر فرز فیشور کوچک توربین در یک سوم میانی سطح داخلی پالپ چمبر و در سطح باکال تهیه شد.دندانها به سه گروه آزمایشی با محیط خون، هیپوکلریت سدیم 25/5% ، نرمال سالین و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. در گروههای آزمایشی حفرات به ترتیب به محلول خون تازه انسان،هیپوکلریت سدیم 25/5% و نرمال سالین آغشته شده و سپس اضافات آنها آسپیره شده، تا تنها دیواره ها آغشته به محلول باقی بماند.سپس حفره ایجاد شده در سمت باکال پالپ چمبر در تمام گروههای آزمایشی با CEM cement پر و در گروه کنترل،خالی و خشک رها شد.پس از ست شدن کامل CEM Cement،حفره دسترسی و انتهای ریشه دندانها بوسیله Modified Glass Inomer (RMGI) سیل گردید.رنگ دندانها قبل از قرارگیری CEM cement (T0)،بلافاصله بعد از تماس (T1)،بعد از ۱روز (2)، ۷روز (T3)و ۳۰روز (T4) بررسی و ثبت گردید. نهایتا داده ها در محیط نرم افزاری SPSS17 وارد کامپیوتر شده و با آزمونهای آماری kruskal-walis و Repeated Measure آنالیز گردید. یافته ها: بیشترین و کمترین میزان تغییر رنگ به ترتیب مربوط به گروه خون و هیپوکلریت سدیم بود. بیشترین میزان تغییر رنگ در گروههای آزمایشی و کنترل به ترتیب 1 و7 روز بعد از قرار دادن سمان رخ داد. کمترین میزان تغییر رنگ در گروه خون 1 روز و در سایر گروهها 30 روز پس از قرار دادن سمان دیده شد. نتیجه گیری: تماس خون و هیپوکلریت با CEM cement باعث تغییر رنگ دندان شده و استفاده از این سمان در تاج باید پس از برقراری هموستاز و خشکی کامل انجام شود. 2 Background: Beauty is considered as one of the most important aspects of dentistry both by the dentist and patient. The use of some dental materials can result in a change of tooth color hence dissatisfaction of the patient. The aim of present study was an invitro investigation of tooth discoloration induced by CEM cement in three media and different time intervals. Materials and methods: T the crown of forty extracted maxillary central incisors were sectioned from the coronal part of the root and one millimeter below CEJ in their buccal surface. Access cavity was prepared and pulp chamber content was emptied. Then, a cavity was mede in the middle third of the interior wall of pulp chamber buccal surface using fissure bur. The teeth were assigned to three experimental groups with blood, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, normal saline media and one control group. The experimental group teeth were respectively smeared with fresh human blood, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline. Then, their residues were aspirated so that a clear vision could be obtained to the walls stained with the solutions mentioned above. Next, the cavities created in the buccal surface of the pulp chamber were filled with CEM cement in all of the experimental groups and the control group teeth were left empty. After the complete set of CEM cement, the access cavity and the root ending part of the teeth were sealed using resin-modified glass inomers (RMGI). The teeth colors were investigated and recorded before CEM cement placement (T0), immediately after placement (T1) as well as after one day (T2), seven days (T3) and thirty days (T4). The data were finally analyzed using SPSS 17 software and Kruskal-Wallis and repeated measure tests. Results: the highest and lowest tooth discoloration were respectively pertained to the blood and sodium hypochlorite groups. The highest discoloration were found occurred in experimental and control groups respectively one and seven days after cement placement. The lowest color change was evidenced respectively one day and 30 days after cement placement in the blood group and the other groups (table 1). Conclusion: blood and sodium hypochlorite contact with CEM cement causes a tooth discoloration and this cement has to be utilized on crown after establishing perfect hemostasis and dryness. 85 92 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 فاطمه آیت اللهی F Ayatollahi استادیار بخش اندودانتیکس ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران علیرضا دانش کاظمی A Daneshkazemi استاد، بخش دندانپزشکی ترمیمی و زیبایی، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران مهدی تبریزی زاده M Tabrizizadeh استادیار بخش اندودانتیکس ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران احسان شیرغلامی E Shirgholami دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، ایران ایران Blood CEM cement Sodium hypochlorite خون CEM cement هیپوکلریت سدیم Abbott PV. Aesthetic considerations in endodontics: internal bleaching. Practical periodontics and aesthetic dentistry : PPAD 1997;9:833-840.##Akcay M, Arslan H, Yasa B, Kavrik F, Yasa E. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by various antibiotic pastes used in revascularization. Journal of endodontics 2014; 40:845-848.##Akbari M, Rouhani A, Samiee S, Jafarzadeh H. Effect of dentin bonding agent on the prevention of tooth discoloration produced by mineral trioxide aggregate. International journal of dentistry 2012; 2012:563203.##Esmaeili B, Alaghehmand H, Kordafshari T, Daryakenari G, Ehsani M, Bijani A. Coronal Discoloration Induced by Calcium-Enriched Mixture, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Hydroxide: A Spectrophotometric Analysis. Iranian endodontic journal 2016; 11:23-28.##Felman D, Parashos P. Coronal tooth discoloration and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of endodontics 2013; 39:484-487.##Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Stowe S, Eslami B, Eskandarizade A, Shabahang S. A comparative study of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate as pulp capping agents in dog's teeth. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2005; 21:150-154.##Parirokh M, Torabinejad M, Dummer PMH. Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview - part I: vital pulp therapy. International endodontic journal 2017.##Marciano MA, Duarte MA, Camilleri J. Dental discoloration caused by bismuth oxide in MTA in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Clinical oral investigations 2015; 19:2201-2209.##Shokouhinejad N, Khoshkhounejad M, Alikhasi M, Bagheri P, Camilleri J. Prevention of coronal discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic treatment in an ex vivo model. Clinical oral investigations 2017.##Chahande RK, Patil SS, Gade V, Meshram R, Chandhok DJ, Thakur DA. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by two different sealers: An In vitro study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 2017; 28:71-75.##Guimaraes BM, Tartari T, Marciano MA, Vivan RR, Mondeli RF, Camilleri J, Duarte MA. Color stability, radiopacity, and chemical characteristics of white mineral trioxide aggregate associated with 2 different vehicles in contact with blood. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:947-952.##Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. International endodontic journal 2012; 45:942-949.##Shokouhinejad N, Nekoofar MH, Pirmoazen S, Shamshiri AR, Dummer PM. Evaluation and Comparison of Occurrence of Tooth Discoloration after the Application of Various Calcium Silicate-based Cements: An Ex Vivo Study. Journal of endodontics 2016; 42:140-144.##Camilleri J. Color stability of white mineral trioxide aggregate in contact with hypochlorite solution. Journal of endodontics 2014; 40:436-440.##Camilleri J. Staining Potential of Neo MTA Plus, MTA Plus, and Biodentine Used for Pulpotomy Procedures. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:1139-1145.##Beatty H, Svec T. Quantifying Coronal Tooth Discoloration Caused by Biodentine and EndoSequence Root Repair Material. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:2036-2039.##Xavier SR, Pilownic KJ, Gastmann AH, Echeverria MS, Romano AR, Geraldo Pappen F. Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. International journal of dentistry 2017; 2017:7401962.##Afkhami F, Elahy S, Mahmoudi-Nahavandi A. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration following the use of silver nanoparticles combined with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2017; 9:e842-e847.##Rouhani A, Akbari M, Farhadi-Faz A. Comparison of Tooth Discoloration Induced by Calcium-Enriched Mixture and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Iranian endodontic journal 2016; 11:175-178.##Goroohi H. investigation of discoloration by Calcium Enriched Mixture and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Contact with blood and Sodium Hypochlorite. Dental school of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi university of medical science, Endodontic department; 2017.##Arman M, Khalilak Z, Rajabi M, Esnaashari E, Saati K. In Vitro Spectrophotometry of Tooth Discoloration Induced by Tooth-Colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture Cement. Iranian endodontic journal 2015; 10:226-230.##Eghbal MJ, Torabzadeh H, Bagheban AA, Shamszadeh S, Marvasti LA, Asgary S. Color stability of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cement. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry 2016; 7:341-346.##Abbott PV. Aesthetic considerations in endodontics: internal bleaching. Practical periodontics and aesthetic dentistry : PPAD 1997;9:833-840.##Akcay M, Arslan H, Yasa B, Kavrik F, Yasa E. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by various antibiotic pastes used in revascularization. Journal of endodontics 2014; 40:845-848.##Akbari M, Rouhani A, Samiee S, Jafarzadeh H. Effect of dentin bonding agent on the prevention of tooth discoloration produced by mineral trioxide aggregate. International journal of dentistry 2012; 2012:563203.##Esmaeili B, Alaghehmand H, Kordafshari T, Daryakenari G, Ehsani M, Bijani A. Coronal Discoloration Induced by Calcium-Enriched Mixture, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Hydroxide: A Spectrophotometric Analysis. Iranian endodontic journal 2016; 11:23-28.##Felman D, Parashos P. Coronal tooth discoloration and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of endodontics 2013; 39:484-487.##Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Stowe S, Eslami B, Eskandarizade A, Shabahang S. A comparative study of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate as pulp capping agents in dog's teeth. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2005; 21:150-154.##Parirokh M, Torabinejad M, Dummer PMH. Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview - part I: vital pulp therapy. International endodontic journal 2017.##Marciano MA, Duarte MA, Camilleri J. Dental discoloration caused by bismuth oxide in MTA in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Clinical oral investigations 2015; 19:2201-2209.##Shokouhinejad N, Khoshkhounejad M, Alikhasi M, Bagheri P, Camilleri J. Prevention of coronal discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic treatment in an ex vivo model. Clinical oral investigations 2017.##Chahande RK, Patil SS, Gade V, Meshram R, Chandhok DJ, Thakur DA. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by two different sealers: An In vitro study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 2017; 28:71-75.##Guimaraes BM, Tartari T, Marciano MA, Vivan RR, Mondeli RF, Camilleri J, Duarte MA. Color stability, radiopacity, and chemical characteristics of white mineral trioxide aggregate associated with 2 different vehicles in contact with blood. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:947-952.##Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. International endodontic journal 2012; 45:942-949.##Shokouhinejad N, Nekoofar MH, Pirmoazen S, Shamshiri AR, Dummer PM. Evaluation and Comparison of Occurrence of Tooth Discoloration after the Application of Various Calcium Silicate-based Cements: An Ex Vivo Study. Journal of endodontics 2016; 42:140-144.##Camilleri J. Color stability of white mineral trioxide aggregate in contact with hypochlorite solution. Journal of endodontics 2014; 40:436-440.##Camilleri J. Staining Potential of Neo MTA Plus, MTA Plus, and Biodentine Used for Pulpotomy Procedures. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:1139-1145.##Beatty H, Svec T. Quantifying Coronal Tooth Discoloration Caused by Biodentine and EndoSequence Root Repair Material. Journal of endodontics 2015; 41:2036-2039.##Xavier SR, Pilownic KJ, Gastmann AH, Echeverria MS, Romano AR, Geraldo Pappen F. Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. International journal of dentistry 2017; 2017:7401962.##Afkhami F, Elahy S, Mahmoudi-Nahavandi A. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration following the use of silver nanoparticles combined with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2017; 9:e842-e847.##Rouhani A, Akbari M, Farhadi-Faz A. Comparison of Tooth Discoloration Induced by Calcium-Enriched Mixture and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Iranian endodontic journal 2016; 11:175-178.##Goroohi H. investigation of discoloration by Calcium Enriched Mixture and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Contact with blood and Sodium Hypochlorite. Dental school of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi university of medical science, Endodontic department; 2017.##Arman M, Khalilak Z, Rajabi M, Esnaashari E, Saati K. In Vitro Spectrophotometry of Tooth Discoloration Induced by Tooth-Colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture Cement. Iranian endodontic journal 2015; 10:226-230.##Eghbal MJ, Torabzadeh H, Bagheban AA, Shamszadeh S, Marvasti LA, Asgary S. Color stability of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cement. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry 2016; 7:341-346. ##

مقایسه اثر آنتی باکتریال دهانشویه نانوسیلور و کلرهگزیدین بر روی استرپتوکوک موتانس (invitro) Comparison of the antibacterial effect of nanosilver and chlorhexidine mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans (invitro) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: باکتری های زیادی در تشکیل پلاک دندانی و ایجاد پوسیدگی دخالت دارند. استرپتوکوک موتانس یکی از مهمترین باکتری های دخیل در این مورد است. یکی از روش های کنترل پلاک استفاده از دهانشویه در کنارمسواک و نخ دندان است .گرچه کلرهگزیدین به عنوان موثر ترین و رایج ترین دهانشویه بر علیه میکروارگانیسم های دهانی مطرح است اما عوارض ناشی از مصرف طولانی مدت آن، نیاز به یافتن یک ماده جایگزین را مطرح می کند. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه اثر آنتی باکتریال دهانشویه نانوسیلور و کلرهگزیدین بر روی استرپتوکوک موتانس در بخش کودکان دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران و آزمایشگاه دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران در سال 1397-1398 انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش از نوع experimental و در شرایط in vitro روی استرپتوکوک موتانس انجام گرفت. آزمایش روی دو گروه مورد(دهانشویه نانوسیلور) و شاهد(دهانشویه کلرهگزیدین) در سه قسمت انجام شد. ابتدا با استفاده از روش Disk diffusion بررسی قدرت آنتی میکروبیال از طریق اندازه گیری قطر هاله مورد بررسی سپس جهت اندازه گیری MIC(حداقل غلظت مهار کننده رشد باکتری ها) از دو روش میکرو و ماکرودایالوشن استفاده شد و در پایان برای اندازه گیری MBC (حداقل غلظت کشنده باکتری ها) از روش Blood agar dilution استفاده شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون آماری Mann-u-Whitney داده های به دست آمده تحلیل شد. یافته ها: آزمون آماری نشان داد دهانشویه نانوسیلور فاقد هاله عدم رشد و نیز فاقد MBC است. همچنین MIC آن در مقایسه با کلرهگزیدین بیشتر بوده و این اختلاف از نظر آماری معنی دار است.(P<0.001) نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه در روش آزمایشگاهی دهانشویه نانوسیلور در مقایسه با کلرهگزیدین دارای خاصیت باکتریو استاتیکی ناچیز و فاقد خاصیت باکتریوسیدی است. توصیه می شود این بررسی با تغییر فورمولاسیون دهانشویه از نظر غلظت و قطر ذرات مجددا تکرار شود. 2 Background: Many bacteria are involved in dental plaque formation and caries. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important bacteria involved in this case. One of the ways to control plaque is the use of mouthwash on the side of toothbrushes and toothbrushes. Although chlorhexidine is the most effective mouthwash against oral microorganisms, the side effects of long-term use suggest the need for an alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of nanosilver and chlorhexidine mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans in pediatric ward of Dental School of Islamic Azad University of Tehran and Laboratory of Veterinary School of Tehran University in 1397-1398. Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed in vitro on Streptococcus mutans. Experiments were performed on two groups of case (nanosilver mouthwash) and control (chlorhexidine mouthwash) in three parts. Antimicrobial potency was measured by Disk diffusion assay by measuring inhibitory zone diameter. Then both micro and macro dilution methods were used to measure MIC (Minimum bacterial growth Inhibitor Concentration) and finally for measure MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) using Blood agar dilution method. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the nanosilver mouthwash has no inhibitory zone and MBC. Also its MIC was higher than chlorhexine and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the in vitro study of nanosilver mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine, it has minor bacteriostatic properties and no bactericidal effect. It is recommended to repeat this study by changing the mouthwash formulation in terms of particle concentration and diameter. 93 102 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 مریم ربانی Maryam Rabani دانشجوی دندانپزشکی، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران پریسا عارف Parissa Aref استادیار گروه دندانپزشکی کودکان ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران ناهید عسکری زاده Nahid Askarizadeh دانشیار گروه دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران ایرج اشرفی تمای Iraj Ashrafitamay استادیار گروه دندانپزشکی کودکان ، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران Chlorhexidine Nanosilver Inhibitory zone MIC MBC Streptococcus mutans کلرهگزیدین نانوسیلور هاله مهاری MIC MBC استرپتوکوک موتانس F.Ahrari, N.Eslami, O.Rajabi, K.Ghazvini and S.Barati. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sangius to colloidal solutions of different nanoparticles applied as mouthwashes. Dental Research Journal, 2015 Jan-Feb;12(1): 44-49##Mohammad mehdi Solan dalal, Hussein Dargahi, fariborz Mehrani, Mohammad kazem Sharifi yazdi, Abbas Rahimi froshani, Seyed asghar Miremadi.The role of Streptococcus Muttans In Dental Caries In Two Groups Of sensitive And Resistance children age 3 to 5 years. Payavard Salamat J,2013; 6(6)467-477 [Persian]##Wennström JL, Dahlén G, Gröndahl K, Heijl L. Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets (II). Microbiological and radiographical observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1987;14(9):573-80##Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA. 10th ed. Ch. 6. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2006. Clinical Periodontology; p. 42.##Shah HM, Shah MN, Gokani VN, Jethal BS. A comparative, qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial efficacies of mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine gluconate and essential oils. Indian J Dent Res. 1993;4(3-4):103-111.##O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972;43(1):38.##Garnett JA, Matthews S. Interactions in bacterial Biofilm development: A structural Perspective. Current Protein and Peptide Science 2012; 13: 739-55.##Wennström JL, Dahlén G, Gröndahl K, Heijl L. Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets (II). Microbiological and radiographical observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1987;14(9):573-80##Eriksen HM, Nordbö H. Extrinsic discoloration of teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1978; 5: 229-32.##Paknejad M, Jafarzade Ts, Shamloo Am. Comparison of the efficacy of Matrica and 0.2% cholorhexidine mouthwashes in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Islamic Dent Assoc 2006; 18(3): 92-7. (Persian)##Abd EI Rahman Hf, Skaug N, Francis Gw. In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude miswak extract on oral pathogen. Saudi Dent J 2002; 14(1): 26-32.##Haghighati F, Jafari S, Beitollahi J. Comparison of antimicrobial effects of ten Herbal extracts with chlorhexidine on three different oral pathogens: An in vitro study. Hakim Res J 2003; 6(3): 71-6. (Persian)##Haffajee AD, Yaskell T, Sokransky SS. Antimicrobial effectiveness of an herbal mouthrinse compared with an essential oil and a chlorhexidine mouthrinse. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139(5): 606-17.##Hernández-Sierra JF, Ruiz F, Pena DC, Martínez-Gutiérrez F, Martínez AE, Guillén Ade J, et al. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide, and gold. Nanomedicine. 2008;4(3):237-240.##Shrivastava S, T Bera, A Roy, G Singh, P Ramachandrarao and D Dash. Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of nano silver nano particles. J Nanotechnology. 2007;18(22):103-125.##Hidalgo E, Domínguez C. Study of cytotoxicity mechanisms of silver nitrate in human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicology Letters. 1998; 98(3):169-179.##Lee HJ, Yeo SY, S H Jeong. Antibacterial effect of nanosized silver colloidal solution on textile fabrics. J Materials science. 2003;38(10):2199-2204.##G.Holla, R.Yeluri and K.Munshi. Evaluation of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of nanosilver base inorganic anti-microbial agent (Novaron®) against streptococcus mutans.Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2012;3(3): 288-293##Brett DW. A discussion of silver as an antimicrobial agent: Alleviating the confusion. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006; 52(1):34-41.##Williams RL, Doherty PJ, Vince DG, Grashoff GJ, Williams DF. The biocompatibility of silver. Critical Reviews in Biocompatibility. 1989; 5(3):221-243.##Bragg PD, Rainnie DJ. The effect of silver ions on the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol. 1974; 20(6):883-889.##Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv. 2009;27(1):76-83.##Holister P, Weener JW, Romas Vas C, Harper T. Nanoparticles. Technology white papers 3. London: Sientific Ltd; 2003. pp. 2-11.##Stobie N, Duffy B, McCormack DE, Colreavy J, Hidalgo M, McHale P, et al. Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol-gel coating. Biomaterials. 2008;29(8):963-69##Melaiye A, Youngs WJ. Silver and its application as an antimicrobial agent. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2005;15(2):125-130.##Kariminik.A and Motaghi.MM. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Dental Plaques to Chlorhexidine, Nanosil and Common Antibiotics. International journal of life science. 2015;9(2): 18-21##Fattahi Dolat Abadi.M, Mehrabian.S, Asgari.B, Ebrahimzadeh Namavar.A, F.Ezzatifar.F, A.Rastegar Lari.A. Silver nanoparticles as active ingredient used for alcohol-free mouthwash. GMS Hyg Infect control. 2013; 8(1): Doc05##A.Kaladhar Reddy, Prabhurag B, Kambalyal, Santosh R Patil, M Vankhre, Yaser Ahmad Khan, T Ramanna Kumar. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver, Titanium. J Orthod Sci.2016 Oct-Dec; 5(4): 127-131##V. Esfahanian, F. Mohamadi, SH. Amini . An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of Nanosil and ChlorhexidineMouthrinses. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDAI) / Fall 2012 /24 / (3)##Al-sharani A, Al-Hajj W & Madfa A. Clinical efficacy of nanosilver and chlorhexidine in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis: randomized controlled clinical trial. J Oral Res 2018; 7(7):238-244##P. Divya Kumari, Shilpa M. Shenoy, Shahnawaz Khijmatgar, Avidyuti Chowdhury, Edward Lynch, Chitta R. Chowdhury, Antibacterial activity of new atraumatic restorative treatment materials incorporated with Azadirachta indica (Neem) against Streptococcus mutans, Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research,2019;9(4) 321-325,##Ahn S-J,Cho E-J,Kim H-J,Park S-N, Lim Y-K,Kook J-K. The antimicrobial effect of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract on Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Anaerobe.2012; 18(6):590-6.##Ahn S-J, Soon-Nang Park , Young Ju Lee , Eun-Jung Cho, Yun Kyong Lim, Xue Min Li. Invitro antimicrobial activities of 1-Methoxyficifolionol, Licorisoflavan A, and 6,8-Diprenylgenistein against streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 2015; 49(1): 78-89##Sukumaran Prabhu, Eldho K Poulose. Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. inl-journal.2012;2(32)##Liangpeng, Qingtao, Meng Wang, Jun Ouyang, Xiaojian Li, Malcolm MQ Xing. Nanosilver particles in medical applications: synthesis, performance, and toxicity. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2014:9 2399-2407##Ji JH, Jung JH, Kim SS, et al. Twenty-eight-day inhalation toxicity study of silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19(10):857-871.##Lee KJ, Nallathamby PD, Browning LM, Osgood CJ, Xu XH. In vivo imaging of transport and biocompatibility of single silver nanoparticles in early development of zebrafish embryos. ACS Nano. 2007;1(2):133-143.##Borum AE and Güneş E. Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Pak Vet J, 2018, 38(3): 321-324##Niakan,M, Azimi.H, Jafarian.Z, MohammadtaghiG, Niakan.S, Mostafavizade,S. Evaluation of Nanosilver Solution Stability against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2013 Aug; 6(6): e8570.##Esfahanian.v, Mohamadi.F,. Amini .SH. An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of Nanosil and ChlorhexidineMouthrinses. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDAI) / Fall 2012 /24 / (3)##Priscila L.L. Freire1, Allan J.R. Albuquerque2, Fabio C. Sampaio2, André Galembeck3, Miguel A. P. Flores3, Thayza C. M. Stamford3,et al. AgNPs: The New Allies Against S. Mutans Biofilm - A Pilot Clinical Trial and Microbiological Assay. Brazilian Dental Journal (2017) 28(4): 417-422##Azimi Laysar H, Niakan M, Mohammad Taghi G, Jafarian Z, Mostafavizade M, Niakan S. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of Nigella Sativa and Nanosilver on the growth of S.sanguis and S. mutans. J Res Dent Sci. 2013; 9 (4) :179-186##Zhong Lu , Kaifeng Rong , Ju Li , Hao Yang ,Rong Chen. Size-dependent antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against oral anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. J Mater Sci: Mater Med (2013) 24:1465-1471##F.Ahrari, N.Eslami, O.Rajabi, K.Ghazvini and S.Barati. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sangius to colloidal solutions of different nanoparticles applied as mouthwashes. Dental Research Journal, 2015 Jan-Feb;12(1): 44-49##Mohammad mehdi Solan dalal, Hussein Dargahi, fariborz Mehrani, Mohammad kazem Sharifi yazdi, Abbas Rahimi froshani, Seyed asghar Miremadi.The role of Streptococcus Muttans In Dental Caries In Two Groups Of sensitive And Resistance children age 3 to 5 years. Payavard Salamat J,2013; 6(6)467-477 [Persian]##Wennström JL, Dahlén G, Gröndahl K, Heijl L. Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets (II). Microbiological and radiographical observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1987;14(9):573-80##Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA. 10th ed. Ch. 6. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2006. Clinical Periodontology; p. 42.##Shah HM, Shah MN, Gokani VN, Jethal BS. A comparative, qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial efficacies of mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine gluconate and essential oils. Indian J Dent Res. 1993;4(3-4):103-111.##O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972;43(1):38.##Garnett JA, Matthews S. Interactions in bacterial Biofilm development: A structural Perspective. Current Protein and Peptide Science 2012; 13: 739-55.##Wennström JL, Dahlén G, Gröndahl K, Heijl L. Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets (II). Microbiological and radiographical observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1987;14(9):573-80##Eriksen HM, Nordbö H. Extrinsic discoloration of teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1978; 5: 229-32.##Paknejad M, Jafarzade Ts, Shamloo Am. Comparison of the efficacy of Matrica and 0.2% cholorhexidine mouthwashes in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Islamic Dent Assoc 2006; 18(3): 92-7. (Persian)##Abd EI Rahman Hf, Skaug N, Francis Gw. In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude miswak extract on oral pathogen. Saudi Dent J 2002; 14(1): 26-32.##Haghighati F, Jafari S, Beitollahi J. Comparison of antimicrobial effects of ten Herbal extracts with chlorhexidine on three different oral pathogens: An in vitro study. Hakim Res J 2003; 6(3): 71-6. (Persian)##Haffajee AD, Yaskell T, Sokransky SS. Antimicrobial effectiveness of an herbal mouthrinse compared with an essential oil and a chlorhexidine mouthrinse. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139(5): 606-17.##Hernández-Sierra JF, Ruiz F, Pena DC, Martínez-Gutiérrez F, Martínez AE, Guillén Ade J, et al. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide, and gold. Nanomedicine. 2008;4(3):237-240.##Shrivastava S, T Bera, A Roy, G Singh, P Ramachandrarao and D Dash. Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of nano silver nano particles. J Nanotechnology. 2007;18(22):103-125.##Hidalgo E, Domínguez C. Study of cytotoxicity mechanisms of silver nitrate in human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicology Letters. 1998; 98(3):169-179.##Lee HJ, Yeo SY, S H Jeong. Antibacterial effect of nanosized silver colloidal solution on textile fabrics. J Materials science. 2003;38(10):2199-2204.##G.Holla, R.Yeluri and K.Munshi. Evaluation of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of nanosilver base inorganic anti-microbial agent (Novaron®) against streptococcus mutans.Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2012;3(3): 288-293##Brett DW. A discussion of silver as an antimicrobial agent: Alleviating the confusion. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006; 52(1):34-41.##Williams RL, Doherty PJ, Vince DG, Grashoff GJ, Williams DF. The biocompatibility of silver. Critical Reviews in Biocompatibility. 1989; 5(3):221-243.##Bragg PD, Rainnie DJ. The effect of silver ions on the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol. 1974; 20(6):883-889.##Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv. 2009;27(1):76-83.##Holister P, Weener JW, Romas Vas C, Harper T. Nanoparticles. Technology white papers 3. London: Sientific Ltd; 2003. pp. 2-11.##Stobie N, Duffy B, McCormack DE, Colreavy J, Hidalgo M, McHale P, et al. Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol-gel coating. Biomaterials. 2008;29(8):963-69##Melaiye A, Youngs WJ. Silver and its application as an antimicrobial agent. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2005;15(2):125-130.##Kariminik.A and Motaghi.MM. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Dental Plaques to Chlorhexidine, Nanosil and Common Antibiotics. International journal of life science. 2015;9(2): 18-21##Fattahi Dolat Abadi.M, Mehrabian.S, Asgari.B, Ebrahimzadeh Namavar.A, F.Ezzatifar.F, A.Rastegar Lari.A. Silver nanoparticles as active ingredient used for alcohol-free mouthwash. GMS Hyg Infect control. 2013; 8(1): Doc05##A.Kaladhar Reddy, Prabhurag B, Kambalyal, Santosh R Patil, M Vankhre, Yaser Ahmad Khan, T Ramanna Kumar. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver, Titanium. J Orthod Sci.2016 Oct-Dec; 5(4): 127-131##V. Esfahanian, F. Mohamadi, SH. Amini . An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of Nanosil and ChlorhexidineMouthrinses. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDAI) / Fall 2012 /24 / (3)##Al-sharani A, Al-Hajj W & Madfa A. Clinical efficacy of nanosilver and chlorhexidine in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis: randomized controlled clinical trial. J Oral Res 2018; 7(7):238-244##P. Divya Kumari, Shilpa M. Shenoy, Shahnawaz Khijmatgar, Avidyuti Chowdhury, Edward Lynch, Chitta R. Chowdhury, Antibacterial activity of new atraumatic restorative treatment materials incorporated with Azadirachta indica (Neem) against Streptococcus mutans, Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research,2019;9(4) 321-325,##Ahn S-J,Cho E-J,Kim H-J,Park S-N, Lim Y-K,Kook J-K. The antimicrobial effect of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract on Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Anaerobe.2012; 18(6):590-6.##Ahn S-J, Soon-Nang Park , Young Ju Lee , Eun-Jung Cho, Yun Kyong Lim, Xue Min Li. Invitro antimicrobial activities of 1-Methoxyficifolionol, Licorisoflavan A, and 6,8-Diprenylgenistein against streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 2015; 49(1): 78-89##Sukumaran Prabhu, Eldho K Poulose. Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. inl-journal.2012;2(32)##Liangpeng, Qingtao, Meng Wang, Jun Ouyang, Xiaojian Li, Malcolm MQ Xing. Nanosilver particles in medical applications: synthesis, performance, and toxicity. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2014:9 2399-2407##Ji JH, Jung JH, Kim SS, et al. Twenty-eight-day inhalation toxicity study of silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19(10):857-871.##Lee KJ, Nallathamby PD, Browning LM, Osgood CJ, Xu XH. In vivo imaging of transport and biocompatibility of single silver nanoparticles in early development of zebrafish embryos. ACS Nano. 2007;1(2):133-143.##Borum AE and Güneş E. Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Pak Vet J, 2018, 38(3): 321-324##Niakan,M, Azimi.H, Jafarian.Z, MohammadtaghiG, Niakan.S, Mostafavizade,S. Evaluation of Nanosilver Solution Stability against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2013 Aug; 6(6): e8570.##Esfahanian.v, Mohamadi.F,. Amini .SH. An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of Nanosil and ChlorhexidineMouthrinses. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDAI) / Fall 2012 /24 / (3)##Priscila L.L. Freire1, Allan J.R. Albuquerque2, Fabio C. Sampaio2, André Galembeck3, Miguel A. P. Flores3, Thayza C. M. Stamford3,et al. AgNPs: The New Allies Against S. Mutans Biofilm - A Pilot Clinical Trial and Microbiological Assay. Brazilian Dental Journal (2017) 28(4): 417-422##Azimi Laysar H, Niakan M, Mohammad Taghi G, Jafarian Z, Mostafavizade M, Niakan S. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of Nigella Sativa and Nanosilver on the growth of S.sanguis and S. mutans. J Res Dent Sci. 2013; 9 (4) :179-186##Zhong Lu , Kaifeng Rong , Ju Li , Hao Yang ,Rong Chen. Size-dependent antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against oral anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. J Mater Sci: Mater Med (2013) 24:1465-1471 ##

مقایسه قابلیت ارتجاعی روکش های 3M و MIB زمان نشاندن بر روی دندان های مولر شیری Comparison of the flexibility of two different stainless steel crowns (3M and MIB) while seating on primary molars 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین روشهای ترمیمی در دندانپزشکی کودکان، استفاده از روکشهای استنلس استیل می باشد. ارزیابی میزان قابلیت ارتجاعی روکش های موجود و اینکه آیا لزوما روکش هایی که قابلیت تطابق دادن crimping)) بیشتری دارند، قابلیت ارتجاعی flexibility) ) بیشتری نیز دارند، مبنای پایه ریزی تحقیق حاضر بوده است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه ی آزمایشگاهی 13 دندان مولر دوم شیری ماگزیلا کشیده شده سالم جمع آوری شد. سپس دندان ها تا 1 میلیمتر پایین تر از CEJ مانت شده و روکش مناسب سایز دندان از برند های 3M و MIB انتخاب گردید. تراش کلاسیک دندان ها برای ssc ها توسط متخصص دندانپزشکی کودکان انجام شد. نشستن و گیر کافی روکش ها روی دندان بررسی گردید.از لبه ی روکش ها تصاویری توسط دوربین دیجیتال تهیه و ذخیره گردید و با نرم افزار Auto Cad محیط لبه ی روکش ها اندازه گیری شد. سپس توسط دستگاه ZWICK نیروی لازم برای نشاندن هر کدام از روکش ها بر روی دندان اندازه گیری گردید. با استفاده از تناسب بین نیروی اندازه گیری شده و محیط لبه ی هر روکش میزان نیروی تراز شده در هر یک از روکش ها به دست آمده و با هم مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: در 8 مورد از نمونه ها نیرو برای نشاندن روکش وهمچنین نسبت نیرو به محیط در روکش M3 بیشتر از MIB بود و در 5 مورد از نمونه ها 3M کمتراز MIB بود. P-Value برای اختلاف نسبت نیرو به محیط، اختلاف نیرو واختلاف محیط بین دو نوع روکش MIB و 3M، به ترتیب 0.113، 0.111 و0.728 محاسبه شد که از لحاظ آماری اختلاف معنا داری نداشتند. نتیجه گیری: روکشی که قابلیت Crimping بیشتری دارد لزوما قابلیت ارتجاعی بیشتری ندارد و میزان تراش دندان های شیری برای روکش های 3M و MIB تفاوتی ندارد. 2 Background: One of the most important restorative methods in pediatric dentistry is the use of stainless steel crowns(ssc). Evaluation of the flexibility of existing crownsand whether the crowns that have more crimping ability are necessarily more flexible, was the basis of the present research. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 13 extracted intact maxillary second molars were mounted 1 mm lower than the CEJ and the appropriate crown size was selected from the 3M and MIB brands. Preparation of the teeth for ssc was performed by a pediatric dentist. Sufficient seating and retention of the crowns were evaluated. The photographs of crown margins were taken by a digital camera and crown circumference measured with the Auto Cad software. Then, the ZWICK machine measured the force required to place each of the crowns on the tooth. Using the proportionality between the measured force and the circumference of the margin of each crown, the level of force equilibrated in each crown was obtained and compared. Results: In 8 cases, the force applied to the crown and force to environment ratio in the case of 3M was higher than the MIB, and in 5 cases, 3M was less than the MIB. P-Value of difference of force to environment ratio, force difference and environmental difference between the two types of MIB and 3M crowns were calculated 0.113, 0.111 and 0.728, respectively, which were not statistically significant. Conclusion: thecrowns that have more crimping ability are not necessarily more flexibleand the preparation is not different for the 3M and MIB crowns. 103 110 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 شهرام مشرفیان Sh Mosharafian استادیار گروه دندانپزشکی کودکان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران حسین افشار H Afshar استاد گروه دندانپزشکی کودکان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران سینا کاظمی S Kazemi دستیار تخصصی دندانپزشکی کودکان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ایران نیوشا اباذریان N Abazarian دستیار تخصصی دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ایران stainless steel crown MIB 3M primary molars روکش استنلس استیل 3M MIB دندان مولرشیری Holen G, Fuks A, Keltz N. Success rate of formocresolpulpotomy in primary molars restored with SSC vsamalgam.Pediatr Dent 2002; 24: 212-216.##Humphery WP. Uses of chrome steel in children's dentistry.DentSurv 1950; 26 : 945-949.##Pinkham JR, Fields HW , McTigue DJ, Casamassino PS, Nowak a. Pediatric Dentistry : Infancy throuth Adolescence.3rd ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Company. 1999; chapter 21.##McDonald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and Adolescent. 7th ed.Boston.Mosby;1999. Chapter 18.##Croll TP,Epstein DW, Castaldi CR. Marginal adaption of stainless steel crowns.Pediatr Dent 2003:25(3):249-252.##Afshar H, Sabeti AK, Shahrabi M. Comparison of primary molar crown dimensions with stainless steelcrowns in a sample of Iranian children.J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015 Spring; 9(2): 86-91.##Reisi Gojani B. Comparison of occlusogingival height and wear resistance of three types of crowns: 3M, MIB and DNTO. Dissertation on the Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Thesis number: 6141. 2016. Available in Persian from: http://lib.tums.ac.ir/faces/search/fulltext/fulltextFullView.jspx?_afPfm=eo24cfcwt##Hemmati Z. Evaluation of the cervical environment of stainless steel crowns in different numbers in first and second primary molars and permanent first molars. Dissertation on the Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. thesis number:4855. 2001. Available in Persian from: http://lib.tums.ac.ir/faces/search/fulltext/fulltextFullView.jspx?_afPfm=eo24cfcwl##Afshar H, Ghandehari M, Soleimani B. Comparison of Marginal Circumference of Two Different Pre-Crimped Stainless Steel Crowns for Primary Molars After Re-Crimping. JDent (Tehran). 2015 Dec;12(12):926-31.##Mata AF, BabermeyerRD.Stainless steel crowns versus amalgams in the primary dentition and decision-making in clinical practice. Gen Dent 2006 Sep-Oct:54(5):347-350.##Mathewson. Fundamentals of pediatric dentistry.2nd Ed. London: Collin 1995; Chap 16:233-244##Spedding RH. Two principles for improving the adaptation of stainless steel crown primary molar s.DentClin North AM 1984; 28(1) :157-174.##Holen G, Fuks A, Keltz N. Success rate of formocresolpulpotomy in primary molars restored with SSC vsamalgam.Pediatr Dent 2002; 24: 212-216.##Humphery WP. Uses of chrome steel in children's dentistry.DentSurv 1950; 26 : 945-949.##Pinkham JR, Fields HW , McTigue DJ, Casamassino PS, Nowak a. Pediatric Dentistry : Infancy throuth Adolescence.3rd ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Company. 1999; chapter 21.##McDonald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and Adolescent. 7th ed.Boston.Mosby;1999. Chapter 18.##Croll TP,Epstein DW, Castaldi CR. Marginal adaption of stainless steel crowns.Pediatr Dent 2003:25(3):249-252.##Afshar H, Sabeti AK, Shahrabi M. Comparison of primary molar crown dimensions with stainless steelcrowns in a sample of Iranian children.J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015 Spring; 9(2): 86-91.##Reisi Gojani B. Comparison of occlusogingival height and wear resistance of three types of crowns: 3M, MIB and DNTO. Dissertation on the Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Thesis number: 6141. 2016. Available in Persian from: http://lib.tums.ac.ir/faces/search/fulltext/fulltextFullView.jspx?_afPfm=eo24cfcwt##Hemmati Z. Evaluation of the cervical environment of stainless steel crowns in different numbers in first and second primary molars and permanent first molars. Dissertation on the Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. thesis number:4855. 2001. Available in Persian from: http://lib.tums.ac.ir/faces/search/fulltext/fulltextFullView.jspx?_afPfm=eo24cfcwl##Afshar H, Ghandehari M, Soleimani B. Comparison of Marginal Circumference of Two Different Pre-Crimped Stainless Steel Crowns for Primary Molars After Re-Crimping. JDent (Tehran). 2015 Dec;12(12):926-31.##Mata AF, BabermeyerRD.Stainless steel crowns versus amalgams in the primary dentition and decision-making in clinical practice. Gen Dent 2006 Sep-Oct:54(5):347-350.##Mathewson. Fundamentals of pediatric dentistry.2nd Ed. London: Collin 1995; Chap 16:233-244##Spedding RH. Two principles for improving the adaptation of stainless steel crown primary molar s.DentClin North AM 1984; 28(1) :157-174. ##

رویش زودهنگام و تارودنتیسم دندان پرمولر اول مندیبل بعلت تروما: گزارش مورد Premature Eruption and Taurodontism of a Mandibular First Premolar Tooth due to Trauma: A Case Report 1 1 مقدمه: تروما در دندان های شیری به دلیل ارتباط نزدیک بین اپکس دندان شیری و جوانه دندان دائمی، می تواند موجب آسیب به دندان های دائمی جایگزین شونده شود. گزارش مورد: هدف از مطالعه حاضر، گزارش یک مورد رویش زودهنگام و تارودنتیسم دندان پرمولر مندیبل متعاقب کشیدن دندان مولر اول شیری بعد از تروما است. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به شیوع نسبتا بالای تروما در سنین پایین کودکی، شناخت عوارض و پیامدهای دیررس آن اهمیت زیادی دارد. 2 Introduction: Traumatic injuries to deciduous teeth may result in injuries to the succedaneous permanent teeth due to the close proximity between the apex of the deciduous teeth and the permanent tooth bud. Case presentation: The aim of this case report is to present a case of premature eruption and taurodontism of a mandibular permanent premolar tooth subsequent to the extraction of the mandibular deciduous firs molar tooth due to trauma. Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence rate of trauma in very young children, it is important to gain knowledge about the late complications of traumatic injuries. 111 118 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 2019/09/252019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/09/262019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/272019/12/27 1398/10/6 شبنم میلانی Sh Milani استادیار بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه عاوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران زهره سادات حسینی پور Z Hosseinipour استادیار بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه عاوم پزشکی ارتش، تهران، ایران ایران زهرا حسینی Z Hosseini استادیار بخش دندانپزشکی کودکان، دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه عاوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران Dental trauma taurodontism tooth eruption آسیب های دندانی تارودنتیسم رویش دندان Mallineni SK, Nuvvula S, Cheung AC, Kunduru R. A comprehensive review of the literature and data analysis on hypo-hyperdontia. J Oral Sci. 2014;56(4):295-302.##Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, Kuijpers‐Jagtman AM. A meta‐analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32(3):217-26.##Hundal KD, Kaur RD, Sharma SK, Banik S, Singh K. Occurrence of double mesiodens and an inverted mesioden: a report of 2 rare cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;2(3):187-9.##Russell KA, Folwarczna MA. Mesiodens-diagnosis and management of a common supernumerary tooth. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69(6):362-7.##Anthonappa RP, Lee C-K, Yiu CK, King NM. Hypohyperdontia: literature review and report of seven cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(5):e24-e30.##Brook A, Elcock C, Al-Sharood M, McKeown H, Khalaf K, Smith R. Further studies of a model for the etiology of anomalies of tooth number and size in humans. Connect Tissue Res. 2002;43(2-3):289-95.##Zadurska M, Sieminska-Piekarczyk B, Maciejak D, Wyszomirska-Zdybel B, Kurol J. Concomitant hypodontia and hyperodontia-an analysis of nine patients. Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2012;70(2):154-9.##Sharma A. A rare case of concomitant hypo-hyperdontia in identical twins. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008;26(6):79.##Gupta S, Popat H. A clinical report of nonsyndromic concomitant hypo-hyperdontia. Case reports in dentistry. 2013;2013.##Camilleri G. Concomitant hypodontia and hyperodontia. Case report. Br Dent J. 1967;123(7):338.##Gibson A. Concomitant hypo-hyperodontia. Br J Orthod. 1979;6(2):101-5.##Segura JJ, Jiménez-Rubio A. Concomitant hypohyperdontia: simultaneous occurrence of a mesiodens and agenesis of a maxillary lateral incisor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86(4):473-5.##Varela M, Arrieta P, Ventureira C. Non-syndromic concomitant hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in an orthodontic population. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(6):632-7.##Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: new discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(6):650-6.##https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.103257##Rana SS, Ohri N. Double mesiodens in mixed dentition period: Report of 3 cases. SRM J Res Dent Sci. 2018;9(3):125.##Krishnamurthy DNH, Unnik DS. twin mesiodens: A case report". Int J Curr Res.##Omer RS, Anthonappa RP, King NM. Determination of the optimum time for surgical removal of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32(1):14-20.##Amrita Sujlana M, Parampreet Pannu M, Japneet Bhangu B. Double mesiodens: a review and report of 2 cases. Gen Dent. 2017.##Omami M, Chokri A, Hentati H, Selmi J. Cone-beam computed tomography exploration and surgical management of palatal, inverted, and impacted mesiodens. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S289.##Salgado H, Mesquita P. Impactation of a permanent central maxillary incisor by the presence of two mesiodens: Case report. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac. 2017;58(1):58-63.##Mallineni SK, Nuvvula S, Cheung AC, Kunduru R. A comprehensive review of the literature and data analysis on hypo-hyperdontia. J Oral Sci. 2014;56(4):295-302.##Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, Kuijpers‐Jagtman AM. A meta‐analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32(3):217-26.##Hundal KD, Kaur RD, Sharma SK, Banik S, Singh K. Occurrence of double mesiodens and an inverted mesioden: a report of 2 rare cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;2(3):187-9.##Russell KA, Folwarczna MA. Mesiodens-diagnosis and management of a common supernumerary tooth. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69(6):362-7.##Anthonappa RP, Lee C-K, Yiu CK, King NM. Hypohyperdontia: literature review and report of seven cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(5):e24-e30.##Brook A, Elcock C, Al-Sharood M, McKeown H, Khalaf K, Smith R. Further studies of a model for the etiology of anomalies of tooth number and size in humans. Connect Tissue Res. 2002;43(2-3):289-95.##Zadurska M, Sieminska-Piekarczyk B, Maciejak D, Wyszomirska-Zdybel B, Kurol J. Concomitant hypodontia and hyperodontia-an analysis of nine patients. Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2012;70(2):154-9.##Sharma A. A rare case of concomitant hypo-hyperdontia in identical twins. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008;26(6):79.##Gupta S, Popat H. A clinical report of nonsyndromic concomitant hypo-hyperdontia. Case reports in dentistry. 2013;2013.##Camilleri G. Concomitant hypodontia and hyperodontia. Case report. Br Dent J. 1967;123(7):338.##Gibson A. Concomitant hypo-hyperodontia. Br J Orthod. 1979;6(2):101-5.##Segura JJ, Jiménez-Rubio A. Concomitant hypohyperdontia: simultaneous occurrence of a mesiodens and agenesis of a maxillary lateral incisor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86(4):473-5.##Varela M, Arrieta P, Ventureira C. Non-syndromic concomitant hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in an orthodontic population. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(6):632-7.##Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: new discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(6):650-6.##https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.103257##Rana SS, Ohri N. Double mesiodens in mixed dentition period: Report of 3 cases. SRM J Res Dent Sci. 2018;9(3):125.##Krishnamurthy DNH, Unnik DS. twin mesiodens: A case report". Int J Curr Res.##Omer RS, Anthonappa RP, King NM. Determination of the optimum time for surgical removal of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32(1):14-20.##Amrita Sujlana M, Parampreet Pannu M, Japneet Bhangu B. Double mesiodens: a review and report of 2 cases. Gen Dent. 2017.##Omami M, Chokri A, Hentati H, Selmi J. Cone-beam computed tomography exploration and surgical management of palatal, inverted, and impacted mesiodens. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S289.##Salgado H, Mesquita P. Impactation of a permanent central maxillary incisor by the presence of two mesiodens: Case report. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac. 2017;58(1):58-63. ##