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مقایسه ی تأثیر سرما و ژل بی حسی سطحی بر میزان درد ناشی از تزریق پالاتال در کودکان comparison of pre-cooling and topical anasthetic in pain perception of palatal injection among pediatric patients 1 1 مقدمه: تزریق بیحسی بافت پالاتال یکی از دردناکترین اعمال دندانپزشکی است که می تواند تبدیل به تجربه ای ناخوشایند برای کودکان شود. تاکنون مطالعه ای به بررسی میزان مؤثر بودن سرد کردن ناحیه ی تزریق بیحسی پالاتال در کودکان با استفاده از یخ، نپرداخته؛ پژوهش حاضر کوشید تا به مقایسه ی تأثیر سرما و ژل بیحسی سطحی بر میزان درد ناشی از تزریق پالاتال در کودکان بپردازد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه به روش کارآزمایی بالینی از نوعsplit mouth  انجام گرفت. 14 کودک 7 تا 10 ساله که نیاز به تزریق دو طرفه ی پالاتال برای درمان های روتین دندانپزشکی در یک جلسه داشتند، انتخاب و هر نیم فک آنها به طور تصادفی به گروه مورد(سرما) و شاهد(ژل) تخصیص داده شد. تزریق در گروه سرما پس از استفاده از کارپول یخ و در گروه شاهد پس از استفاده از ژل بی حسی بنزوکائین 20%، هر کدام به مدت 1 دقیقه، توسط عمل کننده ی یکسان انجام شد. میزان درد ناشی از تزریق با دو روش SEM و Wong-Baker Faces اندازه گیری و ثبت شد و توسط آزمون آماری Mann-U-Whitney مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سطح معناداری بر مبنای P<0.05 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: میزان درد احساس شده با مقیاس SEM در گروه ژل بی حسی سطحی؛ 42/1 و در گروه سرما 57/1 بود و آزمون نشان داد که این اختلاف به لحاظ آماری معنادار نبود(P<0.9).همچنین، از نظر شاخص Wong-Baker Faces  در گروه شاهد، ژل بی حسی سطحی؛ 86/2 و در گروه سرما نیز 86/2 بود که بر اساس آزمون معنادار نبود (P<0.9). نتیجه گیری:   به نظر می رسد که استفاده از سرما و ژل بی حسی سطحی در مقایسه با یکدیگر، تفاوتی در کاهش درد ناشی از تزریق پالاتال در کودکان نداشته باشند. 2 Introduction: The Palatal injection is one of the most painful procedures in dentistry which could establish an unpleasant experience for pediatric patients. No study has been carried out to assess the effects of pre-cooling with ice during palatal injection for children yet. The present research is focused on comparison of the efficacy of pre-cooling and topical anesthetic gel on the pain perception of pediatric patients during the palatal injection. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial with Split Mouth design. Fourteen 7-10 year-old Children who required bilateral Palatal anesthesia administration for routine dentistry procedures in one session had been selected and randomly categorized under two groups: Case Group(cooling) and control Group(Gel). Palatal injection was applied in the case group after using ice for one minute, and in the control group after consuming Benzocaine 20% anesthetic topical gel for one minute by one operator. The pain perception was assessed using SEM & Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale. Mann-U-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The means of SEM scales were 1.42 and 1.57 for the study and the control group, respectively which was insignificant (p<0.9). The means of Wong-Baker pain rating scales for both the study and the control group were 2.86 which was not significant (p<0.9). Conclusion: There seem to be no difference between using ice precooling and topical anesthetic gel for children receiving palatal anesthesia injection. 1 8 2021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/22 1399/6/1 سها جعفر طهرانی S Jafar-Tehrani Iran ایران سمانه بدخش S Badakhsh Iran ایران سبا آقایی S Aghaei Iran ایران Palatal Anesthesia Precooling Topical Anesthetic Gel Pain perception Wong- Baker Scale تزریق پالاتال سرما ژل بی حسی موضعی درد ناشی از تزریق مقیاس Wong-Baker 1- Mohiuddin I, Setty JV, Srinivasan I, Desai JA. Topical Application of Local Anaesthetic Gel vs Ice in Pediatric Patients for Infiltration Anaesthesia. JEMDS. 2015; 4)74(: 12934-40##2- Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10th ed. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. 2016; chapter 15, P:280##3- Davoudi A, Rismanchian M, Akhavan A, Nosouhian S, Bajoghli F, Haghighat A, et al. A brief review on the efficacy of different possible and nonpharmacological techniques in eliminating discomfort of local anesthesia injection during dental procedures. Anesth Essays Res. 2016; 10:13-6##4- Ramirez k, Lee JK, Takara JT. Painless pediatric local anesthesia. General Dentistry. 2001; 49(2):147-76##5- Duncan JD, Reeves GW, Fitchie JG. Technique to diminish discomfort from##the palatal injection. J Prosthet Dent. 1992; 67:901 2##6- Kosaraju A, Vandewalle KS. A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics: A clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009; 140:68 72##7- Wiswall AT, Bowles WR, Lunos S, McClanahan SB, Harris S. Palatal anesthesia: Comparison of four techniques for decreasing injection discomfort. Northwest Dent. 2014; 93:25 9##8- Harbert H. Topical ice: A precursor to palatal injections. J Endod. 1989; 15: 27 8##9- Lathwal G, Pandit IK, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Efficacy of Different Precooling Agents and Topical Anesthetics on the Pain Perception during Intraoral Injection: A Comparative Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015; 8(2):119-22##10- Aminabadi NA, Farahani RM. The effect of pre cooling the injection site on pediatric pain perception during the administration of local anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009; 10:43 50##11- Ghaderi F, Banakar Sh, Rostami Sh. Effect of pre cooling injection site on pain perception in pediatric dentistry. Dent Res J. 2013; 10(6):790-94##12- Nathan J, Asadourian L, Erlich MA. A Brief History of Local Anesthesia, Int J Head Neck Surg. 2016; 7(1):29-32##13- Hameed NN, Sargod SS, Bhat SS, Hegde SK, Bava MM. Effectiveness of precooling the injection site using tetrafluorethane on pain perception in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2018; 36(3):296-300##14- Abedellatif A M. Pain assessment of two palatal anesthetic techniques and their effects of the child’s behaviour, Pae- diatr. Dent J. 2001; 21(2):129–37##15- Shilpapriya M, Jayanthi M, Reddy VN, Sakthivel R, Selvaraju G, Vijayakumar P. Effectiveness of new vibration delivery system on pain associated with injection of local anesthesia in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2015; 33:173-76##16- Aminah M, Nagar P, Singh P, Bharti M. Comparison of topical anesthetic gel, pre-cooling, vibration and buffered local anesthesia on the pain perception of pediatric patients during the administration of local anesthesia in routine dental procedures. IJCMR. 2017; 4(2): 400-3##17- Bhadauria US, Dasar RL, Sandesh N, Mishra P, Godha S. Effect of injection site pre-cooling on pain perception in patients attending a dental camp at life line express: a split mouth interventional study. Clujul Medical. 2017; 90(2): 220–25##1- Mohiuddin I, Setty JV, Srinivasan I, Desai JA. Topical Application of Local Anaesthetic Gel vs Ice in Pediatric Patients for Infiltration Anaesthesia. JEMDS. 2015; 4)74(: 12934-40##2- Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10th ed. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. 2016; chapter 15, P:280##3- Davoudi A, Rismanchian M, Akhavan A, Nosouhian S, Bajoghli F, Haghighat A, et al. A brief review on the efficacy of different possible and nonpharmacological techniques in eliminating discomfort of local anesthesia injection during dental procedures. Anesth Essays Res. 2016; 10:13-6##4- Ramirez k, Lee JK, Takara JT. Painless pediatric local anesthesia. General Dentistry. 2001; 49(2):147-76##5- Duncan JD, Reeves GW, Fitchie JG. Technique to diminish discomfort from##the palatal injection. J Prosthet Dent. 1992; 67:901 2##6- Kosaraju A, Vandewalle KS. A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics: A clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009; 140:68 72##7- Wiswall AT, Bowles WR, Lunos S, McClanahan SB, Harris S. Palatal anesthesia: Comparison of four techniques for decreasing injection discomfort. Northwest Dent. 2014; 93:25 9##8- Harbert H. Topical ice: A precursor to palatal injections. J Endod. 1989; 15: 27 8##9- Lathwal G, Pandit IK, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Efficacy of Different Precooling Agents and Topical Anesthetics on the Pain Perception during Intraoral Injection: A Comparative Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015; 8(2):119-22##10- Aminabadi NA, Farahani RM. The effect of pre cooling the injection site on pediatric pain perception during the administration of local anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009; 10:43 50##11- Ghaderi F, Banakar Sh, Rostami Sh. Effect of pre cooling injection site on pain perception in pediatric dentistry. Dent Res J. 2013; 10(6):790-94##12- Nathan J, Asadourian L, Erlich MA. A Brief History of Local Anesthesia, Int J Head Neck Surg. 2016; 7(1):29-32##13- Hameed NN, Sargod SS, Bhat SS, Hegde SK, Bava MM. Effectiveness of precooling the injection site using tetrafluorethane on pain perception in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2018; 36(3):296-300##14- Abedellatif A M. Pain assessment of two palatal anesthetic techniques and their effects of the child’s behaviour, Pae- diatr. Dent J. 2001; 21(2):129–37##15- Shilpapriya M, Jayanthi M, Reddy VN, Sakthivel R, Selvaraju G, Vijayakumar P. Effectiveness of new vibration delivery system on pain associated with injection of local anesthesia in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2015; 33:173-76##16- Aminah M, Nagar P, Singh P, Bharti M. Comparison of topical anesthetic gel, pre-cooling, vibration and buffered local anesthesia on the pain perception of pediatric patients during the administration of local anesthesia in routine dental procedures. IJCMR. 2017; 4(2): 400-3##17- Bhadauria US, Dasar RL, Sandesh N, Mishra P, Godha S. Effect of injection site pre-cooling on pain perception in patients attending a dental camp at life line express: a split mouth interventional study. Clujul Medical. 2017; 90(2): 220–25 ##

ارزیابی نقطه نظرات والدین کودکان کاندید دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی قبل و بعد از درمان Evaluation of parents viewpoints on pediatric dental treatment in hospital set up,befor and after treatment 1 1 مقدمه و هدف: کنترل رفتار کودکان کم سن و کودکان ناتوان ذهنی و یاجسمی در کلینیک دندانپزشکی همیشه یکی از چالش های بزرگ فرا روی درمانگران این رشته بوده است. لذا دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی )دندانپزشکی تحت بیهوشی یا آرام بخشی( به عنوان راه حلی موثر برای درمان این کودکان مطرح می باشد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین نقطه نظرات والدین کودکان کاندید دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی قبل و بعد از درمان بود روش اجرا: در این مطالعه کیفی   ، 64 نفر از والدین کودکانی که تجربه دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی داشته اند به عنوان نمونه در نظر گرفته شدند. والدین از دو مرکز  در سال 1395 انتخاب شدند،گروه اول بیمارانی بودند  که در شهرستان پذیرش شده بودند و درمان آنها در یکی ازبیمارستانهای شهرستان کرمان انجام شده بود و گروه دوم بیمارانی بودند که در یکی از مناطق تهران، با سطح اجتماعی و اقتصادی بالا پذیرش،  و درمان آنها در یکی از بیمارستانهای شهر تهران انجام شده بود.سپس   با آنان مصاحبه صورت گرفته و اظهارات آنان [H1] [L2] ثبت شد. مصاحبه از تمام مراحل درمان، جزء به جزء ، از زمان تصمیم به درمان کودک تا پایان مرحله بیهوشی صورت گرفت.[H3]  سپس اظهارات افراد ثبت گردیده و کدبندی شدند. و بر اساس آنالیز Content ارزیابی گردیدند. نتایج: یافته های پژوهش حاکی از این بود که، در این مطالعه علت اصلی مراجعه برای درمان، پوسیدگی دندانها بوده است90 ) درصد در گروه اول [H4] و 100 درصد در گروه دوم.(عوارض داروهای بیهوشی بیشترین علت80 ) درصد در هر دو گروه( نگرانی والدین از درمان تحت بیهوشی عنوان شد که اغلب(70%)،  [H5] اظهار می کردند این نگرانی ها از اطرافیان منتقل شده است . والدین اظهار داشتند مشورت با دندانپزشک و متخصص بیهوشی ، نگرانی های آنها را تا حدی کاهش داده و آنها را راضی به درمان دندانپزشکی تحت بیهوشی عمومی کرده است. 18 درصد از والدین بی قراری کودک را از مشکلات پس از درمان بیان کردند.45درصد از والدین دلجویی پرسنل از آنها را کاری شایسته و مفید در کاهش اضطراب آنها در زمان عمل دانستند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که عوارض داروهای بیهوشی  و به هوش نیامدن کودک ، وجود بیماری سیستمیک در کودک، احتمال طولانی شدن عمل در زمان بیهوشی و آسیب های احتمالی در اتاق عمل به ترتیب  مهمترین علل  نگرانی والدین از درمان بیهوشی بوده و افزایش آگاهی ازطریق مشورت با دندانپزشک و متخصصین بیهوشی در کاهش این نگرانی موثر می باشد. بنابراین از  آنجا که دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی یکی از بهترین شیوه های درمانی برای درمان کودکان خردسال و بیماران دارای ناتوانی ذهنی و جسمی می باشد می توان با آگاهی رسانی در سطح جامعه نسبت به مزایا و مضرات درمان دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی، نگرانی والدین را کاهش داد تا بتوانند با آگاهی نسبت به چنین گزینه درمانی اقدام کنند. 2 Introduction & Objective: Behavioral managment of young children and  mentally or physically handicapped children in dental clinic is one of the major challenges for dentists. Therefore hospital dental services(general anesthesia or sedation) is an effective solution for the treatment of these children, so we we decided to evaluate the oponions of parents of children who have had dental experience in hospital services. The results will lead to have better consultation with the parents of these children, to accept this type of treatment. Methods: In this descriptive study, 64 parents of children with hospital dental experience were selected as the sample. The parents were selected from two centers, the first group were patients admitted from Kerman city and was treated in one of the hospitals of the city and the second group consisted of patients who were admitted from one of Tehran's areas with high socioeconomic status and  they were treated at a hospital in Tehran. They were then interviewed and their statements recorded. Interviews were conducted from all stages of treatment, part to part, from the decision to treat the child until the end of the anesthesia phase. Subsequently, individuals' statements were recorded and coded. And were evaluated based on content analysis. Results: The findings of this study indicated that the main cause of treatment in this study was dental caries (90% in the first group and 100% in the second group). Complications of anesthesia were the most common cause of  parents' concerns ( 80% in both groups) about anesthesia, with most (70%) reporting that these concerns were transmitted from  those people around them. Parents said consulting with a dentist and anesthesiologist has reduced their concerns and made them satisfied with dental treatment under general anesthesia. 18 percent of parents described child malaise as a post-treatment problem. 45 percent of parents found staff apprehension to be suitable and a useful tool in reducing their anxiety during practice. Conclusion: The results showed that complications of anesthesia and non-awareness of the child, systemic disease of the child, probability of prolongation of operation during anesthesia, and possible injuries in the operating room were the most important causes of parental concern about anesthesia treatment, and increased awareness through consultation with the dentist and anesthesiologists are effective in reducing this concern. Therefore, since hospital dental services is one of the best therapeutic approaches for the treatment of young children and patients with mental and physical disabilities, it can be possible to reduce parental concern by raising awareness of the benefits and disadvantages of hospital dental treatment in society,to be aware of such treatment options.    9 20 2021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 نیوشا اباذریان N Abazariyan Iran ایران حسین افشار H Afshar Iran ایران مسلم خیری M Kheiri Iran ایران شهرام مشرفیان Sh Mosharafiyan ایران hospital dental services dental caries parents pediatric dentistry دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی پوسیدگی دندان والدین دندانپزشکی کودکان 1. Nowak AJ, Christensen JR, Mabry TR, Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Through Adolescence .6 th ed.##Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, 2019; P:411.##2. McDonald AD, Avery DA, Dean JA. Text Book of Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. Newyork: Mosby Publishing Company; 2011: 254-57.##3. Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE.Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 9th ed. St. Louis: Maryland: Mosby Co; 2011. P. 92.##4.Barberia E, Arenas M, Gomez B, Saavedra-Ontiveros D. An audit of paediatric dental treatments carried out under general anaesthesia in a sample of Spanish patients. Community Dent Health. 2007 ##Mar;24(1):55-8.##5. Eshghi A, Rezaeifar M, jafarzadeh Samani M, Malekafzali B, Eftekhari M. Evaluation of Parental View toward Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Isfahan . J Adv Med Biomed Res. 2010; 18 (73) :67-75.##6- Kaviani N, Jabarifar SE, Babadi Boroujeni M. Effect of dental procedures under general anesthesia on life quality and dental fears in 2-5 year-old children. Journal of Isfahan Dental School 2012; Special Issue 7 (5): 567-576.##7.Savanheimo N, Vehkalahti MM, Pihkari A, Numminen M. Reasons for and parental satisfaction with children.s dental care under general anesthesia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005; 15: 448-54.##8. American Dental Association. Guidelines for the use of sedation and general anesthesia by dentists. ADA House of Delegates. October 2007.##9. Jamjoon MM, Al-Malik ML, Holt RD, El Massry A. Dental treatment under general anaesthesia at a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2001; 11: 110-6.##10.Al-Malik MI, Al-Sarheed MV. Comprehensive dental care of pediatric patients treated under general anesthesia in a hospital setting in Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006; 7: 79-88.##11-Klaassen MA, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J. Young children's oral health-related quality##of life and dental fear after treatment under general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled##trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117(3): 273-8..##12- Wang H, Han X. Oral health-related quality of life in pediatric patients under general anesthesia: A prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan;96(2):e5596.##13.Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW jr, Beck FM. Attitude of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent. 2005 Mar-Apr;27(2):107-13.##14. Klingberg G, Vannas Löfqvist L, Bjarnason S, Norén JG. Dental behavior management problems in Swedish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009;22:201- 5##15. Luis de Leon J, Guinot Jimeno F, Bellet Dalmau LJ. Acceptance by Spanish parents of behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010; 11(4):175-8.##16. Makita K, Ishikawa S. Remifentanil. Masui 2006; 55(7): 817-25.##17. Acs G, Pretzer S, Foley M, Ng MW. Perceived outcomes and parental satisfaction following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2001; 23: 419-23.##18. Harrison RL, Weinstein P. A qualitative look at parents. experience of their child.s dental general anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2006; 16: 309-19.##19.Anderson HK, Drummond BK, Thomson WM. Change in aspects of childrenís oral health related quality of life following dental treatment under general anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Dent 2004; 14: 317-25.##20. Jabarifar SE, Ahmadi Rozbahani N, Javadi nejad Sh, Hosseini L. A Comparative Evaluation of Fear and Anxiety in (3-6) Year Old Children Following Treatment under General Anesthesia and Outpatient Dental Treatment. Journal of Mashhad Dental School 2014; 38 (1): 9-16.##1. Nowak AJ, Christensen JR, Mabry TR, Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Through Adolescence .6 th ed.##Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, 2019; P:411.##2. McDonald AD, Avery DA, Dean JA. Text Book of Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. Newyork: Mosby Publishing Company; 2011: 254-57.##3. Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE.Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 9th ed. St. Louis: Maryland: Mosby Co; 2011. P. 92.##4.Barberia E, Arenas M, Gomez B, Saavedra-Ontiveros D. An audit of paediatric dental treatments carried out under general anaesthesia in a sample of Spanish patients. Community Dent Health. 2007 ##Mar;24(1):55-8.##5. Eshghi A, Rezaeifar M, jafarzadeh Samani M, Malekafzali B, Eftekhari M. Evaluation of Parental View toward Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Isfahan . J Adv Med Biomed Res. 2010; 18 (73) :67-75.##6- Kaviani N, Jabarifar SE, Babadi Boroujeni M. Effect of dental procedures under general anesthesia on life quality and dental fears in 2-5 year-old children. Journal of Isfahan Dental School 2012; Special Issue 7 (5): 567-576.##7.Savanheimo N, Vehkalahti MM, Pihkari A, Numminen M. Reasons for and parental satisfaction with children.s dental care under general anesthesia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005; 15: 448-54.##8. American Dental Association. Guidelines for the use of sedation and general anesthesia by dentists. ADA House of Delegates. October 2007.##9. Jamjoon MM, Al-Malik ML, Holt RD, El Massry A. Dental treatment under general anaesthesia at a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2001; 11: 110-6.##10.Al-Malik MI, Al-Sarheed MV. Comprehensive dental care of pediatric patients treated under general anesthesia in a hospital setting in Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006; 7: 79-88.##11-Klaassen MA, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J. Young children's oral health-related quality##of life and dental fear after treatment under general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled##trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117(3): 273-8..##12- Wang H, Han X. Oral health-related quality of life in pediatric patients under general anesthesia: A prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan;96(2):e5596.##13.Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW jr, Beck FM. Attitude of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent. 2005 Mar-Apr;27(2):107-13.##14. Klingberg G, Vannas Löfqvist L, Bjarnason S, Norén JG. Dental behavior management problems in Swedish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009;22:201- 5##15. Luis de Leon J, Guinot Jimeno F, Bellet Dalmau LJ. Acceptance by Spanish parents of behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010; 11(4):175-8.##16. Makita K, Ishikawa S. Remifentanil. Masui 2006; 55(7): 817-25.##17. Acs G, Pretzer S, Foley M, Ng MW. Perceived outcomes and parental satisfaction following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2001; 23: 419-23.##18. Harrison RL, Weinstein P. A qualitative look at parents. experience of their child.s dental general anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2006; 16: 309-19.##19.Anderson HK, Drummond BK, Thomson WM. Change in aspects of childrenís oral health related quality of life following dental treatment under general anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Dent 2004; 14: 317-25.##20. Jabarifar SE, Ahmadi Rozbahani N, Javadi nejad Sh, Hosseini L. A Comparative Evaluation of Fear and Anxiety in (3-6) Year Old Children Following Treatment under General Anesthesia and Outpatient Dental Treatment. Journal of Mashhad Dental School 2014; 38 (1): 9-16. ##

بررسی نگرش دندانپزشکان عمومی شهر یزد در ارتباط با روش های کنترل رفتار کودکان در سال 1397 Evaluation of the attitudes of general dentists in toward pediatric behavior guidance techniques in Yazd City in 2018 1 1 مقدمه و هدف: کنترل رفتار کودکان کم سن و کودکان ناتوان ذهنی و یاجسمی در کلینیک دندانپزشکی همیشه یکی از چالش های بزرگ فرا روی درمانگران این رشته بوده است. لذا دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی )دندانپزشکی تحت بیهوشی یا آرام بخشی( به عنوان راه حلی موثر برای درمان این کودکان مطرح می باشد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین نقطه نظرات والدین کودکان کاندید دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی قبل و بعد از درمان بود روش اجرا: در این مطالعه کیفی   ، 64 نفر از والدین کودکانی که تجربه دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی داشته اند به عنوان نمونه در نظر گرفته شدند. والدین از دو مرکز  در سال 1395 انتخاب شدند،گروه اول بیمارانی بودند  که در شهرستان پذیرش شده بودند و درمان آنها در یکی ازبیمارستانهای شهرستان کرمان انجام شده بود و گروه دوم بیمارانی بودند که در یکی از مناطق تهران، با سطح اجتماعی و اقتصادی بالا پذیرش،  و درمان آنها در یکی از بیمارستانهای شهر تهران انجام شده بود.سپس   با آنان مصاحبه صورت گرفته و اظهارات آنان [H1] [L2] ثبت شد. مصاحبه از تمام مراحل درمان، جزء به جزء ، از زمان تصمیم به درمان کودک تا پایان مرحله بیهوشی صورت گرفت.[H3]  سپس اظهارات افراد ثبت گردیده و کدبندی شدند. و بر اساس آنالیز Content ارزیابی گردیدند. نتایج: یافته های پژوهش حاکی از این بود که، در این مطالعه علت اصلی مراجعه برای درمان، پوسیدگی دندانها بوده است90 ) درصد در گروه اول [H4] و 100 درصد در گروه دوم.(عوارض داروهای بیهوشی بیشترین علت80 ) درصد در هر دو گروه( نگرانی والدین از درمان تحت بیهوشی عنوان شد که اغلب(70%)،  [H5] اظهار می کردند این نگرانی ها از اطرافیان منتقل شده است . والدین اظهار داشتند مشورت با دندانپزشک و متخصص بیهوشی ، نگرانی های آنها را تا حدی کاهش داده و آنها را راضی به درمان دندانپزشکی تحت بیهوشی عمومی کرده است. 18 درصد از والدین بی قراری کودک را از مشکلات پس از درمان بیان کردند.45درصد از والدین دلجویی پرسنل از آنها را کاری شایسته و مفید در کاهش اضطراب آنها در زمان عمل دانستند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که عوارض داروهای بیهوشی  و به هوش نیامدن کودک ، وجود بیماری سیستمیک در کودک، احتمال طولانی شدن عمل در زمان بیهوشی و آسیب های احتمالی در اتاق عمل به ترتیب  مهمترین علل  نگرانی والدین از درمان بیهوشی بوده و افزایش آگاهی ازطریق مشورت با دندانپزشک و متخصصین بیهوشی در کاهش این نگرانی موثر می باشد. بنابراین از  آنجا که دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی یکی از بهترین شیوه های درمانی برای درمان کودکان خردسال و بیماران دارای ناتوانی ذهنی و جسمی می باشد می توان با آگاهی رسانی در سطح جامعه نسبت به مزایا و مضرات درمان دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی، نگرانی والدین را کاهش داد تا بتوانند با آگاهی نسبت به چنین گزینه درمانی اقدام کنند. 2 Introduction: Implementing informed strategies along with changing the attitude of general dentists can lead to many improvements in child behavioral management skills. . Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the attitude of general dentists toward pediatric behavior guidance techniques Materials and Methods :In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 160 dental practitioners in Yazd city in 2018 were randomly selected and the attitude of them regarding pediatric behavior guidance techniques Collected by a valid and reliable set up questionnaire about five non-pharmacological and two pharmacological pediatric behavioral management techniques. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software, and T-test. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean scores of attitude of men and women in using " hand-over-mouth " method (P = 0.034) and also in "sedation" method (P = 0.035) and " General Anesthesia  "(P = 0.041) There was a significant difference between the mean attitude score of under 35 years old and over 35 years old groups. Using behavioral control techniques among  general dentists who visit less than 10 children per month with general dentists who visit more than 10 children per month in attitude toward using voice control methods (P = 0.008), Positive reinforcement (P = 0.002) Tell-Show-Do (P = 0.016) General anesthesia (P = 0.029) There was a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: the most acceptable methods for behavior guidance in children were Tell-Show-Do, positive reinforcement, general anesthesia, and sedation. Respectively female general dentist were more inclined to use non-invasive methods, and younger general dentists tended to use non-pharmacological methods. 21 29 2021/04/302021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 رویا غفوری فرد R Ghafouri Fard Iran ایران فاطمه کبریایی F Kebriyayi Iran ایران فائزه فتوحی F Fotouhi Iran ایران سید محمد مخلصین SM Mokhlesin Iran ایران علیرضا میرزائیان A Mirzaeeian Iran ایران behavior guidance Dentist Pediatric دندانپزشکی بیمارستانی پوسیدگی دندان والدین دندانپزشکی کودکان 1. Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatr Dent 2015;37(5):57-70.##2. Roberts JF, Curzon ME, Koch G, Martens LC. Review: behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010;11(4):166-74.##3. Rule DC, Winter GB, Goldman V, Brookes RC. Restorative treatment for children under general anaesthesia. The treatment of apprehensive and handicapped children as clinic out-patients. Br Dent J 1967;123(10):480-4.##4. Casamassimo PS, Fields HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.##5. Mc Donald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2011.##6. Klingberg G. Dental fear and behavior management problems in children. A study of measurement, prevalence, concomitant factors, and clinical effects. Swed Dent J Suppl 1995;103:1-78.##7. Feigal RJ. Guiding and managing the child dental patient: a fresh look at old pedagogy. J Dent Educ 2001;65(12):1369-77.##8. Sarnat H, Arad P, Hanauer D, Shohami E. Communication strategies used during pediatric dental treatment: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent 2001;23(4):337-42.##9. Weinstein P, Getz T, Ratener P, Domoto P. The effect of dentists' behaviors on fear-related behaviors in children. J Am Dent Assoc 1982;104(1):32-8.##10. Carr KR, Wilson S, Nimer S, Thornton JB, Jr. Behavior management techniques among pediatric dentists practicing in the southeastern United States. Pediatr Dent 1999;21(6):347-53.##11. Dock M, Creedon RL. Pharmacologic management of patient behavior. In: McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA, editors. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. p. 285-311.##12. Casamassimo PS, Wilson S, Gross L. Effects of changing U.S. parenting styles on dental practice: perceptions of diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry presented to the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry 16th Annual Session, Atlanta, Ga, Saturday, May 26, 2001. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(1):18-22.##13. Lawrence SM, McTigue DJ, Wilson S, Odom JG, Waggoner WF, Fields HW, Jr. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 1991;13(3):151-5.##14. Strom K, Ronneberg A, Skaare AB, Espelid I, Willumsen T. Dentists' use of behavioural management techniques and their attitudes towards treating paediatric patients with dental anxiety. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16(4):349-55.##15. Peretz B, Glaicher H, Ram D. Child-management techniques. Are there differences in the way female and male pediatric dentists in Israel practice? Braz Dent J 2003;14(2):82-6.##16. Jafarzadeh-Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Moshkelgosha H. Evaluation of the attitudes of general dentists toward pediatric behavior guidance techniques. J Dent Med Tehran Univ Med Sci 2014;27(3):190-5.##17. Muhammad S, Shyama M, Al-Mutawa SA. Parental attitude toward behavioral management techniques in dental practice with schoolchildren in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2011;20(4):350-5.##18. Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW, Jr., Beck M. Attitudes of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2005;27(2):107-13.##19. Jafarzadeh-Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Yousefi S, Binande ES. Evaluation of the general dentists` attitudes toward non-pharmacological methods of controlling pediatrics` behavior in Isfahan. J Dent Med Tehran Univ Med Sci 2013;26(2):124-30.##20. Ashley PF, Williams CE, Moles DR, Parry J. Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(9):CD006334.##21. Scott S, Garcia-Godoy F. Attitudes of Hispanic parents toward behavior management techniques. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;65(2):128-31.##22. Abushal MS, Adenubi JO. Attitudes of Saudi parents toward behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry. J Dent Child (Chic) 2003;70(2):104-10.##23. Pinkham J, Casamassimo P, Fields HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2013.##24. Wright FA, Giebartowski JE, McMurray NE. A national survey of dentists' management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems. Aust Dent J 1991;36(5):378-83.##25. Wright FA, McMurray NE, Giebartowski J. Strategies used by dentists in Victoria, Australia, to manage children with anxiety or behavior problems. ASDC J Dent Child 1991;58(3):223-8.##26. Wells M, McTigue DJ, Casamassimo PS, Adair S. Gender shifts and effects on behavior guidance. Pediatr Dent 2014;36(2):138-44.##27. Adair SM, Schafer TE, Waller JL, Rockman RA. Age and gender differences in the use of behavior management techniques by pediatric dentists. Pediatr Dent 2007;29(5):403-8.##28. Kawia HM, Mbawalla HS, Kahabuka FK. Application of Behavior Management Techniques for Paediatric Dental Patients by Tanzanian Dental Practitioners. Open Dent J 2015;9:455-61.##29. Juntgen LM, Sanders BJ, Walker LA, Jones JE, Weddell JA, Tomlin AM, et al. Factors influencing behavior guidance: a survey of practicing pediatric dentists. Pediatr Dent 2013;35(7):539-45.##30. Ajlouni O, Al-Moherat F, Habahbeh R, Nsour H, Tbeshat J. Behavior Management Techniques among Jordanian Pediatrics Dentists. J RMed Serv 2010;17(2):62-6.##31. Oredugba FA, Sanu OO. Knowledge and behavior of Nigerian dentists concerning the treatment of children with special needs. BMC Oral Health 2006;6:9.##32. Folayan MO, Idehen E. Factors influencing the use of behavioral management techniques during child management by dentists. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28(2):155-61.##1. Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatr Dent 2015;37(5):57-70.##2. Roberts JF, Curzon ME, Koch G, Martens LC. Review: behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010;11(4):166-74.##3. Rule DC, Winter GB, Goldman V, Brookes RC. Restorative treatment for children under general anaesthesia. The treatment of apprehensive and handicapped children as clinic out-patients. Br Dent J 1967;123(10):480-4.##4. Casamassimo PS, Fields HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.##5. Mc Donald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2011.##6. Klingberg G. Dental fear and behavior management problems in children. A study of measurement, prevalence, concomitant factors, and clinical effects. Swed Dent J Suppl 1995;103:1-78.##7. Feigal RJ. Guiding and managing the child dental patient: a fresh look at old pedagogy. J Dent Educ 2001;65(12):1369-77.##8. Sarnat H, Arad P, Hanauer D, Shohami E. Communication strategies used during pediatric dental treatment: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent 2001;23(4):337-42.##9. Weinstein P, Getz T, Ratener P, Domoto P. The effect of dentists' behaviors on fear-related behaviors in children. J Am Dent Assoc 1982;104(1):32-8.##10. Carr KR, Wilson S, Nimer S, Thornton JB, Jr. Behavior management techniques among pediatric dentists practicing in the southeastern United States. Pediatr Dent 1999;21(6):347-53.##11. Dock M, Creedon RL. Pharmacologic management of patient behavior. In: McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA, editors. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. p. 285-311.##12. Casamassimo PS, Wilson S, Gross L. Effects of changing U.S. parenting styles on dental practice: perceptions of diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry presented to the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry 16th Annual Session, Atlanta, Ga, Saturday, May 26, 2001. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(1):18-22.##13. Lawrence SM, McTigue DJ, Wilson S, Odom JG, Waggoner WF, Fields HW, Jr. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 1991;13(3):151-5.##14. Strom K, Ronneberg A, Skaare AB, Espelid I, Willumsen T. Dentists' use of behavioural management techniques and their attitudes towards treating paediatric patients with dental anxiety. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16(4):349-55.##15. Peretz B, Glaicher H, Ram D. Child-management techniques. Are there differences in the way female and male pediatric dentists in Israel practice? Braz Dent J 2003;14(2):82-6.##16. Jafarzadeh-Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Moshkelgosha H. Evaluation of the attitudes of general dentists toward pediatric behavior guidance techniques. J Dent Med Tehran Univ Med Sci 2014;27(3):190-5.##17. Muhammad S, Shyama M, Al-Mutawa SA. Parental attitude toward behavioral management techniques in dental practice with schoolchildren in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2011;20(4):350-5.##18. Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW, Jr., Beck M. Attitudes of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2005;27(2):107-13.##19. Jafarzadeh-Samani M, Hajiahmadi M, Yousefi S, Binande ES. Evaluation of the general dentists` attitudes toward non-pharmacological methods of controlling pediatrics` behavior in Isfahan. J Dent Med Tehran Univ Med Sci 2013;26(2):124-30.##20. Ashley PF, Williams CE, Moles DR, Parry J. Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(9):CD006334.##21. Scott S, Garcia-Godoy F. Attitudes of Hispanic parents toward behavior management techniques. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;65(2):128-31.##22. Abushal MS, Adenubi JO. Attitudes of Saudi parents toward behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry. J Dent Child (Chic) 2003;70(2):104-10.##23. Pinkham J, Casamassimo P, Fields HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak A. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2013.##24. Wright FA, Giebartowski JE, McMurray NE. A national survey of dentists' management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems. Aust Dent J 1991;36(5):378-83.##25. Wright FA, McMurray NE, Giebartowski J. Strategies used by dentists in Victoria, Australia, to manage children with anxiety or behavior problems. ASDC J Dent Child 1991;58(3):223-8.##26. Wells M, McTigue DJ, Casamassimo PS, Adair S. Gender shifts and effects on behavior guidance. Pediatr Dent 2014;36(2):138-44.##27. Adair SM, Schafer TE, Waller JL, Rockman RA. Age and gender differences in the use of behavior management techniques by pediatric dentists. Pediatr Dent 2007;29(5):403-8.##28. Kawia HM, Mbawalla HS, Kahabuka FK. Application of Behavior Management Techniques for Paediatric Dental Patients by Tanzanian Dental Practitioners. Open Dent J 2015;9:455-61.##29. Juntgen LM, Sanders BJ, Walker LA, Jones JE, Weddell JA, Tomlin AM, et al. Factors influencing behavior guidance: a survey of practicing pediatric dentists. Pediatr Dent 2013;35(7):539-45.##30. Ajlouni O, Al-Moherat F, Habahbeh R, Nsour H, Tbeshat J. Behavior Management Techniques among Jordanian Pediatrics Dentists. J RMed Serv 2010;17(2):62-6.##31. Oredugba FA, Sanu OO. Knowledge and behavior of Nigerian dentists concerning the treatment of children with special needs. BMC Oral Health 2006;6:9.##32. Folayan MO, Idehen E. Factors influencing the use of behavioral management techniques during child management by dentists. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28(2):155-61. ##

مقایسه تاثیر دو روش مشاهده فیلم آموزشی و آموزش زنده توسط استاد در مباحث فیشور سیلنت و PRR، تراش SSC، پالپوتومی و پالپکتومی بر یادگیری و میزان رضایت دانشجویان ترم 9 دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در واحد کودکان عملی 1 Education in the field of medical sciences is an important process which practical skills is an important part of it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of live demonstration and videotape methods, for teaching Fissure Sealant and PRR, SSC, pulpotomy and pulpectomy on learning and satisfaction of 9th-semester dental student of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 1 1 مقدمه و هدف: آموزش در حیطه رشته های علوم پزشکی روندی با اهمیت است که بخش مهمی از آن را  مهارت های عملی تشکیل می دهد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه مقایسه تاثیر دو روش نمایش فیلم و آموزش زنده توسط استاد در تدریس مباحث فیشور سیلنت و PRR، تراش SSC، پالپوتومی و پالپکتومی بر یادگیری و میزان رضایت دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران بود. این مطالعه در پاسخ به این سوال که آیا روش آموزشی نمایش فیلم با در نظر گرفتن نیاز های آموزشی دانشجویان می تواند به اندازه آموزش زنده موثر واقع شود، انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی دانشجویان ترم 9 دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه تهران که 62 نفر بودند به دو گروه تقسیم و بصورت داوطلبانه وارد مطالعه شدند. جهت ارزیابی سطح دانش دانشجویان، از تمام دانشجویان آزمونpre test  و post test در ابتدا و انتهای دوره گرفته شد. در گروه اول مهارت مورد نظر، توسط استاد بر روی مدل دندانی یا دندان های شیری کشیده شده آموزش داده شد و در گروه دوم برای آموزش همان مباحث فیلم آموزشی مناسب که شامل همان موارد آموزشی بود، نمایش داده شد. در پایان دوره ، هر کدام از دانشجویان با انجام مهارت های مذکور روی مدل دندانی و در شرایط یکسان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و توسط چک لیستی نمره دهی شدند. با پر کردن پرسشنامه  طراحی شده نیز میزان رضایت دانشجویان سنجیده شد. یافته ها:در نتایج آزمون های پیش و پس از دوره افراد دو گروه ، بجز در دو سوال، تفاوت معنا داری یافت نشد.(P Value>0.05)  بنابراین سطح دانش دو گروه پیش و پس از دوره بسیار  به هم نزدیک بود. میانگین نمرات دانشجویان دو گروه در بخش های مختلف و نیز در قالب نمره کل بسبار به هم نزدیک بوده و تفاوت قابل توجهی نداشت. نتایج پرسشنامه رضایت نیز بیشتر از 85%  رضایمتندی از روش نمایش فیلم را نشان می داد. نتیجه گیری:  یافتیم که روش نمایش فیلم  به اندازه آموزش مستقیم در کسب مهارت دانشجویان  کارآمد و مفید است. 2 Background and aim: Education in the field of medical sciences is an important process which practical skills is an important part of it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of live demonstration and videotape methods, for teaching Fissure Sealant and PRR, SSC, pulpotomy and pulpectomy on learning and satisfaction of 9th-semester dental student of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The study was conducted to answer the question of whether the videotape methods can be as effective as live demonstration considering the educational needs of students. Methods: In this experimental study, 62 undergraduate students of 9th-semester dental student of Tehran University were divided into two groups and voluntarily enrolled in the study. To assess students' level of knowledge, pre-test and post-test were taken from all students at the beginning and at the end of the course. In the first group the skills was taught by the professor on the dental model or extracted deciduous tooth. and in the second group for teaching the same topics, appropriate educational films that included the same training items, was shown. At the end of the course, each student was evaluated on the dental model doing the same skills and scored by a checklist. Students' satisfaction was also measured by filling out a designed questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were found in the pre- and post-test scores of the two groups except for the two questions (P Value> 0.05). The mean scores of the students in the two groups were similar in different sections and in terms of total score, and there was no significant differences. The results of the satisfaction questionnaire also showed more than 85% satisfaction in videotape methods. Conclusion: We found that videotape methods was as effective and useful as live demonstration in acquiring students' skills and knowlage.   30 42 2021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 سعیده مختاری Saeedeh Mokhtari Iran ایران سپیده مختاری Sepideh Mokhtari Iran ایران زهرا حسینی پور Z Hosseinipour ایران Medical education Educational Videos Learning Clinical skill Dentistry آموزش پزشکی فیلم آموزشی یادگیری مهارت بالینی دندان پزشکی 1. Prince KJ, van Mameren H, Hylkema N, Drukker J, Scherpbier AJ, van der Vleuten CP. Does problembased learning lead to deficiencies in basic science knowledge? An empirical case on anatomy. Med Educ. 2003; 37(1): 15-21.##2. Mirkarimi Mahkame, Fateme Arbabi Kalati, and Alireza Ansari Moghadam. "A comparison between video tape and live demonstration methods for teaching of fissure sealant placement procedures for dental students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2010-2011." J Dent Med. 2011: 252-257.##3. Murphy RJ, Gray SA, Straja SR, Bogert MC. Student learning preferences and teaching implications. J Dent Educ. 2004;68(8):859-66.##4. Spencer JA, Jourdan RK. Learner centered approaches in medical education. Br Med J. 1999;318(7193):1280-3.##5. Karimi Mooneghi H, Drakhshan A, Valaei N, Mortazavi F. The effect of video-based instruction versus demonstration on learning of clinical skills. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci. 2003;5(2):77-82.##6. حاجی زاده هیلا، ایزدجو ملیحه، اکبری مجید. مقایسه اثر استفاده از فیلم های آموزشی بالینی و نمایش های بالینی (Demonstration) در میزان نیل به اهداف آموزشی ترمیم دندان با پست برای دانشجویان دندانپزشکی. مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، سال 1393،دوره 32(شماره1): صفحه 7-1.##7. Packer ME, Rogers JO, Coward TJ, Newman PS, Wakeley R. A comparison between videotaped and live demonstrations, for the teaching of removable partial denture procedures. Eur JDent Educ. 2001;5(1):17-22.##8. Aly M, Elen J, Willems G. Instructional multimedia program versus standard lecture :a comparison of two methods for teaching the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum. Eur J Dent Educ. 2004;8(1):43-6.##9. Alamrani, M. H., Alammar, K. A., Alqahtani, S. S., & Salem, O. A. (2018). Comparing the effects of simulation-based and traditional teaching methods on the critical thinking abilities and self-confidence of nursing students. Journal of Nursing Research, 26(3), 152-157.‌##10. Wong, G., Apthorpe, H. C., Ruiz, K., & Nanayakkara, S. (2019). An innovative educational approach in using instructional videos to teach dental local anaesthetic skills. European Journal of Dental Education, 23(1), 28-34.‌.##11. Fayaz, A., Mazahery, A., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Yazdanpanah, S. (2015). Video-based learning versus traditional method for preclinical course of complete denture fabrication. Journal of Dentistry, 16(1 Suppl), 21.##12. Chen MS, Horrocks EN, Evans RD. Video versus lecture: Effective alternatives for orthodontic auxillary training. Br J Orthod. 1998;25(3):191-5. ##13. Nikzad S, Azari A, Mahgoli H, Akhoundi N. Effect of a procedural video CD and study guide on the practical fixed prosthodontic performance of Iranian dental students. Med Educ. 2012; 76: 354-359. ##14. Khandandel B. Investigating the influence of special effects in educational films on learning. J Knowledge Health. 2009;4(2):24-9. ##15. Khandandel B, Ali-Abadi KH, Nourozi D, Kasaeian A. Investigating the effect of color in educational films on learning. J Knowledge Health. 2008;3(3-4):30-4.##16. Odell EW, Francis CA, Eaton KA, Reynolds PA, Mason RD. A study of videoconferencing for postgraduate continuing education in dentistry in the UK - the teachers' view. . Eur J Dent Educ. 2001; 5: 113-119##17. Monjamed Z, Haji Amiri P, Babaei GHR, Beyrami A. Effects of two teaching methods of CPR (manikin and film) on knowledge and performance of freshman nursing students: a comparative study. Iran J Nursing Res. 2006; 1: 7-14.##18. Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Advances in health sciences education, 15(5), 625-632.##1. Prince KJ, van Mameren H, Hylkema N, Drukker J, Scherpbier AJ, van der Vleuten CP. Does problembased learning lead to deficiencies in basic science knowledge? An empirical case on anatomy. Med Educ. 2003; 37(1): 15-21.##2. Mirkarimi Mahkame, Fateme Arbabi Kalati, and Alireza Ansari Moghadam. "A comparison between video tape and live demonstration methods for teaching of fissure sealant placement procedures for dental students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2010-2011." J Dent Med. 2011: 252-257.##3. Murphy RJ, Gray SA, Straja SR, Bogert MC. Student learning preferences and teaching implications. J Dent Educ. 2004;68(8):859-66.##4. Spencer JA, Jourdan RK. Learner centered approaches in medical education. Br Med J. 1999;318(7193):1280-3.##5. Karimi Mooneghi H, Drakhshan A, Valaei N, Mortazavi F. The effect of video-based instruction versus demonstration on learning of clinical skills. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci. 2003;5(2):77-82.##6. حاجی زاده هیلا، ایزدجو ملیحه، اکبری مجید. مقایسه اثر استفاده از فیلم های آموزشی بالینی و نمایش های بالینی (Demonstration) در میزان نیل به اهداف آموزشی ترمیم دندان با پست برای دانشجویان دندانپزشکی. مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، سال 1393،دوره 32(شماره1): صفحه 7-1.##7. Packer ME, Rogers JO, Coward TJ, Newman PS, Wakeley R. A comparison between videotaped and live demonstrations, for the teaching of removable partial denture procedures. Eur JDent Educ. 2001;5(1):17-22.##8. Aly M, Elen J, Willems G. Instructional multimedia program versus standard lecture :a comparison of two methods for teaching the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum. Eur J Dent Educ. 2004;8(1):43-6.##9. Alamrani, M. H., Alammar, K. A., Alqahtani, S. S., & Salem, O. A. (2018). Comparing the effects of simulation-based and traditional teaching methods on the critical thinking abilities and self-confidence of nursing students. Journal of Nursing Research, 26(3), 152-157.‌##10. Wong, G., Apthorpe, H. C., Ruiz, K., & Nanayakkara, S. (2019). An innovative educational approach in using instructional videos to teach dental local anaesthetic skills. European Journal of Dental Education, 23(1), 28-34.‌.##11. Fayaz, A., Mazahery, A., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Yazdanpanah, S. (2015). Video-based learning versus traditional method for preclinical course of complete denture fabrication. Journal of Dentistry, 16(1 Suppl), 21.##12. Chen MS, Horrocks EN, Evans RD. Video versus lecture: Effective alternatives for orthodontic auxillary training. Br J Orthod. 1998;25(3):191-5. ##13. Nikzad S, Azari A, Mahgoli H, Akhoundi N. Effect of a procedural video CD and study guide on the practical fixed prosthodontic performance of Iranian dental students. Med Educ. 2012; 76: 354-359. ##14. Khandandel B. Investigating the influence of special effects in educational films on learning. J Knowledge Health. 2009;4(2):24-9. ##15. Khandandel B, Ali-Abadi KH, Nourozi D, Kasaeian A. Investigating the effect of color in educational films on learning. J Knowledge Health. 2008;3(3-4):30-4.##16. Odell EW, Francis CA, Eaton KA, Reynolds PA, Mason RD. A study of videoconferencing for postgraduate continuing education in dentistry in the UK - the teachers' view. . Eur J Dent Educ. 2001; 5: 113-119##17. Monjamed Z, Haji Amiri P, Babaei GHR, Beyrami A. Effects of two teaching methods of CPR (manikin and film) on knowledge and performance of freshman nursing students: a comparative study. Iran J Nursing Res. 2006; 1: 7-14.##18. Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Advances in health sciences education, 15(5), 625-632. ##

عوارض دندانی به دنبال پرتودرمانی در بیمار مبتلا به رابدومیوسارکوما: گزارش یک مورد نادر Dental Complications Following Radiation Therapy in Rhabdomyosarcoma Patient: Report of a rare Case 1 1 رابدومیوسارکوما نئوپلاسم بدخیم بافت نرم و شایعترین سارکوم بافت نرم در کودکان و نوجوانان می‌باشد. رویکرد درمانی رابدومیوسارکوما استراتژی درمانی چندگانه شامل جراحی، پرتودرمانی و شیمی درمانی می‌باشد. پرتودرمانی طی ادنتوژنز می‌تواند با عوارض دهان-دندانی تاخیری مانند هیپودنشیا، میکرودنشیا یا دندان های با ریشه ناقص همراه باشند. این مطالعه تکامل غیرطبیعی ریشه در بیماری با سابقه ابتلا به رابدومیوسارکوما را گزارش می‌کند. هدف از این گزارش مورد بیان تظاهرات دهانی تاخیری بدنبال استراتژی‌های درمانی چندگانه در رابدومیوسارکوما و برجسته کردن نقش دندانپزشک کودکان در موارد رابدومیوسارکوما بدلیل عوارض جانبی ثانویه دهانی-دندانی می‌باشد.   2 Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm and the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. The current frontline treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma is a multi-modal approach, comprising chemotherapy, surgical resection, and/or radiation therapy. Radiation therapy during odontogenesis can lead to delayed sequel such as hypodontia, microdontia, and dwarfed teeth with underdeveloped roots. This case reports an abnormal root development due to a history of rhabdomyosarcoma. The aim of this report is to describe delayed oral manifestations following treatment strategies in rhabdomyosarcoma and to highlight the role of pediatric dentist in rhabdomyosarcoma cases due to secondary oral and dental complications. 43 50 2021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 لیلا افتخار L Eftekhar Iran ایران قاسم انصاری Gh Ansari Iran ایران Dental Care Pediatrics Radiotherapy Rhabdomyosarcoma Tooth root. مراقبت‌  دندانی   کودکان پرتودرمانی رابدومیوسارکوما ریشه دندان References:##1. França CM, Caran EMM, Alves MTS, Barreto AD, Lopes NNF. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral tissues – two new cases and literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11:E136-40.##2. Gordón-Núñez MA, Piva MR, Dos Anjos ED, Freitas RA. Orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Dec 1;13(12):E765-9.##3. Arjmandi Rafsanjani, K, Vosough, P, Bashardoost, A, Bahoosh, G, Faranoosh, M, Hedayati Asl, A. Evaluation of Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Factors in Children who Referred to the Hazrat-Ali Asghar Hospital Between 1993-2003. RJMS. 2008; 14 (57) :21-27##4. Miloglu O, Altas SS, Buyukkurt MC, Erdemci B, Altun O. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity: a case report. Eur J Dent. 2011;5(3):340-343. ##5. Rashkova M, Alexieva V, Zhegova G. Clinical case of a child with Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), embryonic type, with oral complications post radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2010. 15, book 2.##6. Lopes LB, Themudo R, Botelho J, Machado V. Oral and Dental Abnormalities Caused by a Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Treatment: A Clinical Case Report. Dent J (Basel). 2020;8(2):59.##7. Hicks J, Flaitz C. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children. Oral Oncol. 2002 Jul;38(5):450-9.##8. Moradzadeh Khiavi M, Haghi-Ashtiani M T, Kharazi-Fard M , Kalantar R. Frequency of Head and Neck Masses in Iranian Children During a 21-Year Period, Iran J Pediatr. 2018 ; 28(6):e64087##9. McDonald RE, David R Avery, Jeffrey A Dean. Mcdonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Maryland Heights, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 10th edition, 2016. 28: p. 619-620.##10. Shetty K, H Tuft. Dental management of the pediatric post radiation therapy—rhabdomyosarcoma patient: Case reports and review of literature. Oral Oncol Extra.2005. 41(9): p. 242-248.##11. Peters E, Cohen M, Altini M, Murray J. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral and paraoral region. Cancer. 1989 Mar 1;63(5):963-6.##12. Carl W, Sako K, Schaaf NG. Dental complications in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974 Sep;38(3):367-71##13. Nowak A J, Casamassimo J R, Mabry T R, Townsend J A ,Wells M H. Pediatric dentistry : infancy through adolescence. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders, Sixth Edition, 2019. 3: p. 66.##14. Devi S, Singh N. Dental care during and after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Natl J Maxillofac Surg, 2014. 5(2): p. 117-25.##15. Ritwik P, Chrisentery-Singleton TE. Oral and dental considerations in pediatric cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020 Mar;39(1):43-53.##16. Halperson E, Matalon V, Goldstein G, Sayag S, Herzog K, Moskovitz M. Long term oral and dental effects in adolescents who were treated for cancer in childhood. Authorea. 2020.##17. Paulino AC, Simon JH, Zhen W, Wen BC. Long-term effects in children treated with radiotherapy for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Dec 1;48(5):1489-95.##18. Bras J, Batsakis JG, Luna MA. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987 Nov;64(5):585-96. ##19. Dahllöf G, Huggare J. Orthodontic considerations in the pediatric cancer patient: A review. Semin Orthod. 2004. 10(4): p. 266-276.##20. Shugaa-Addin B, Al-Shamiri HM, Al-Maweri S, Tarakji B. The effect of radiotherapy on survival of dental implants in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(2):e194-e200. ##21. Toljanic JA, Heshmati RH, Bedard JF. Dental follow-up compliance in a population of irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002 Jan;93(1):35-8.##References:##1. França CM, Caran EMM, Alves MTS, Barreto AD, Lopes NNF. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral tissues – two new cases and literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11:E136-40.##2. Gordón-Núñez MA, Piva MR, Dos Anjos ED, Freitas RA. Orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Dec 1;13(12):E765-9.##3. Arjmandi Rafsanjani, K, Vosough, P, Bashardoost, A, Bahoosh, G, Faranoosh, M, Hedayati Asl, A. Evaluation of Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Factors in Children who Referred to the Hazrat-Ali Asghar Hospital Between 1993-2003. RJMS. 2008; 14 (57) :21-27##4. Miloglu O, Altas SS, Buyukkurt MC, Erdemci B, Altun O. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity: a case report. Eur J Dent. 2011;5(3):340-343. ##5. Rashkova M, Alexieva V, Zhegova G. Clinical case of a child with Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), embryonic type, with oral complications post radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2010. 15, book 2.##6. Lopes LB, Themudo R, Botelho J, Machado V. Oral and Dental Abnormalities Caused by a Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Treatment: A Clinical Case Report. Dent J (Basel). 2020;8(2):59.##7. Hicks J, Flaitz C. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children. Oral Oncol. 2002 Jul;38(5):450-9.##8. Moradzadeh Khiavi M, Haghi-Ashtiani M T, Kharazi-Fard M , Kalantar R. Frequency of Head and Neck Masses in Iranian Children During a 21-Year Period, Iran J Pediatr. 2018 ; 28(6):e64087##9. McDonald RE, David R Avery, Jeffrey A Dean. Mcdonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Maryland Heights, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 10th edition, 2016. 28: p. 619-620.##10. Shetty K, H Tuft. Dental management of the pediatric post radiation therapy—rhabdomyosarcoma patient: Case reports and review of literature. Oral Oncol Extra.2005. 41(9): p. 242-248.##11. Peters E, Cohen M, Altini M, Murray J. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral and paraoral region. Cancer. 1989 Mar 1;63(5):963-6.##12. Carl W, Sako K, Schaaf NG. Dental complications in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974 Sep;38(3):367-71##13. Nowak A J, Casamassimo J R, Mabry T R, Townsend J A ,Wells M H. Pediatric dentistry : infancy through adolescence. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders, Sixth Edition, 2019. 3: p. 66.##14. Devi S, Singh N. Dental care during and after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Natl J Maxillofac Surg, 2014. 5(2): p. 117-25.##15. Ritwik P, Chrisentery-Singleton TE. Oral and dental considerations in pediatric cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020 Mar;39(1):43-53.##16. Halperson E, Matalon V, Goldstein G, Sayag S, Herzog K, Moskovitz M. Long term oral and dental effects in adolescents who were treated for cancer in childhood. Authorea. 2020.##17. Paulino AC, Simon JH, Zhen W, Wen BC. Long-term effects in children treated with radiotherapy for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Dec 1;48(5):1489-95.##18. Bras J, Batsakis JG, Luna MA. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987 Nov;64(5):585-96. ##19. Dahllöf G, Huggare J. Orthodontic considerations in the pediatric cancer patient: A review. Semin Orthod. 2004. 10(4): p. 266-276.##20. Shugaa-Addin B, Al-Shamiri HM, Al-Maweri S, Tarakji B. The effect of radiotherapy on survival of dental implants in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(2):e194-e200. ##21. Toljanic JA, Heshmati RH, Bedard JF. Dental follow-up compliance in a population of irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002 Jan;93(1):35-8. ##

بررسی میزان آگاهی و عملکرد والدین کودکان 7-6 ساله از پوسیدگی های دندان های شیری و راههای پیشگیری از آن در شهر ایلام در سال 1398 The evaluation of awareness and function of 6-7-years-old children parents of childhood caries and the preventive procedure in parents in ilam in 2018 1 1 سابقه و هدف :آموزش بهداشت در پشگیری از پوسیدگی های دندانی اهمیت ویژه ای دارد و والدین نقش مهمی در بهداشت و سلامت دهان کودکان خود دارند.اطلاعات آنها می تواند رفتارهای سالم بهداشتی را در فرزاندانشان تثبیت نماید.این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی آگاهی و عملکرد والدین در زمینه سلامت و بهداشت دهان و دندان کودکان 7-6 شهر ایلام  در سال 1398 انجام گرفت. مواد و روشها : این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی روی 100 نفر از والدین کودکان 7-6 ساله شهر ایلام که به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شده بودند , انجام شد.ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات ،پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخت بود که روایی و پایایی آن تایید شده بود.این پرسشنامه شامل سه بخش بود:بخش اول اطلاعات دموگرافیک , بخش دوم شامل 23 سوال سنجش آگاهی و بخش سوم شامل 9 سوال سنجش عملکرد .داده ها وارد کامپیوتر شده و توسط نرم افزار آماری  24  SPSS با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون در سطح معنی داری0.05 =αمورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها :در این تحقیق میانگین نمره عملکرد مادران  2.52±7.77و میانگین نمره عملکرد پدران 2.55±6.64بود. میانگین نمره آگاهی پدران 4.41±27.3 ومیانگین نمره آگاهی مادران2.55±29.68بود . بین میانگین نمره آگاهی پدران ومادران ارتباط آماری معناداری مشاهده شد. ( 0.007=p ) . بین میزان آگاهی و عملکرد با میزان تحصیلات پدران با آگاهی و عملکرد تحصیلات مادران ارتباط آماری معناداری مشاهده شد. ( 0.007=p ) .  نتیجه گیری : سطح آگاهی والدین کودکان 6 تا 7 ساله شهر ایلام از وضعیت سلامت دهان و دندان کودکانشان مناسب بود , اما عملکرد ضعیفی در کنترل بهداشت دهان و دندان فرزندانشان داشتند .   2   Aim &abjects :Health education is one of the most important factor in the prevention of dental caries and parents have an important role in the oral health of their children. Their information can establish appropriate health behaviors in their children. This study aims to evaluate the awareness and performance of parents in the field of health. And oral health of 6-7 year old children in Ilam city in 1398. Materials and methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 parents of 6-7 year old children in Ilam who was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which validity and reliability were confirmed. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: the first part of demographic information , the second part consisted of 23 awareness assessment questions and the third part consisted of 9 performance assessment questions. SPSS 24 statistical software were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient at a significance level of P = 0.05 Results :In this study , the mean performance score of mothers was 7.77 ±2.52 and the mean performance score of fathers was 6.64± 2.55.The mean score of fathers 'awareness was 27.3 ± 4.41 and the mean score of mothers' awareness was 29.68 ±2.55. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of parents' knowledge ( P=0.05) . A statistically significant relationship was observed between the level of knowledge and performance  of education  fathers with the level of knowledge and performance  of education  mothers.( P=0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study showed that in general the level of parental awareness about oral health of children aged 6-7 years is appropriate but their performance in this area is poor. 51 61 2021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 مریم شفیع زاده M Shafizadeh Iran ایران خدیجه ابدال Kh Abdal Iran ایران حسن عباداللهی H Ebadollahi Iran ایران Knowledge Performance Parents Oral Health Children آگاهی عملکرد والدین بهداشت دهان و دندان کودکان 1. Lauris JR, da Silva Bastos R, de Magalhaes Bastos JR. Decline in dental caries among 12‐year‐old children in Brazil, 1980–2005. Int Dent J. 2012; 62(6):308-14.##2. Arora A, Scott JA, Bhole S, Do L, Schwarz E, Blinkhorn AS. Early childhood feeding practices and dental caries in preschool children: a multicentre birth cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(1):28.##3. Tickle M, Milsom KM, Donaldson M, Killough S, O'Neill C, Crealey G, et al. Protocol for northern ireland caries prevention in practice trial (nic-pip) trial: a randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services. BMC Oral Health.2011; 11(1):27.##4. Kumarihamy SL, Subasinghe LD, Jayasekara P, Kularatna SM, Palipana PD. The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 1-2 yrs olds in a semi-urban area of Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4: 336.##5. Amanlou M, Jafari S, Afzalianmand N, BahrampourOmrany Z, Farsam H . Association of Saliva Fluoride level and socioeconomic factors with dental caries in 3-6 years old children in Tehran-Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2011; 10(1): 159-66.##6. Ismail AI. Determinants of health in children and the problem of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2003; 25(4): 328-33.##7. Amiri Tehrani Zadeh NA, Asgarizadeh N, Kamel V. A literature review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. J DentMed 2012; 25(2): 142-50.##8. Nematollahi H, Mehrabkhani M, Esmaily HO. Dental caries experience and its relationship to socio-economic factors in 2-6 year old kindergarten children in Birjand-Iran in 2007. J Mash Dent Sch 2009; 32(4): 325-32.##9. McDonald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10 nded. China: Mosby;2015. P: 50-9, 235-6, 739-49 .##10. Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. EMHJ 2011; 17(3): 243-49. ##11. Jackson SL, Vann WF, Kotch JB, Pahel BT, Lee JY. Impact of poor oral health on children's school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health.2011; 101(10):1900-6.##12. Gauba A, Bal IS, Jain A, Mittal HC. School based oral health promotional intervention: Effect on knowledge, practices and clinical oral health related parameters. ContempClin Dent.2013; 4(4):493-9##13. Jain A, Gupta J, Aggarwal V, Goyal C. To evaluate the comparative status of oral health practices, oral hygiene and periodontal status amongst visually impaired and sighted students. Spec Care Dentist.2013; 33(2):78-84.##14. Chachra S, Dhawan P, Kaur T, Sharma A. The most effective and essential way of improving the oral health status education. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent.2011; 29(3):216-21.##15. Thikriat S, Al-Jewair, James L. The prevalence and risks of early childhood caries(ECC)in Toronto, Canada. J Contemp Dent Practice 2010;11:45-51.##16. Milgrom P, Sutherland M, Shirtcliff R, Ludwig SH, Smolen D. Children's tooth decay in a public health program to encourage low- income pregnant woman to utilize dental care. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:89-93.##17. Kalantari B, Rahmannia J, Hatami H, Karkhaneh S, Farsar AR, SharifpoorA , et al. The prevalence of dental caries in primary molars and its related factors in 6 and 7 years old children in Shemiranat health center.Journal of Health in the Field 2014; 1(4): 7-13.##18. Abedini H, Gilasi HR, Davoodi E, Eshghi T, Karbasi M, Heidarian M , et al. Prevalence and Causes of Decay In Primary Teeth of Children Aged 2-6 Years In Kashan. Scientific Journal of IlamUniversity of Medical Sciences.2013; 21(5):115-124 .##19. Nabipour AR, Azvar KH, Zolala F, Ahmadinia H, Soltani Z. The Prevalence of Early Dental Caries and Its Contributing Factors among 3-6-Year-Old Children in Varamin, Iran. Journal of Health & Development 2013; 2(1):12-21.##20. Mitrakul K, Laovoravit V, Vanichanuwat V, Charatchaiwanna A, Charatchaiwanna A, Bunpradit W, et al. Factors associated with parent capability on child's oral health care. Southeast Asian. J Trop Med Public Health. 2012; 43(1):249-55 .##21. Wellappuli N, Amarasena N. Influence of family structure on dental caries experience of preschool children in Sri Lanka. Caries Res. 2012; 46(3):208-12.##22. PK Felipak , BL Menoncin , MRT Reyes . Determinants of parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children – The dental discomfort questionnaire .Int J of PedDen , 2020 ;11(2):178-182.##23. M Berzinski , M Alina , M Amye , B Sabina . Parenting and child behavior as predictors of toothbrushing difficulties in young children .IntJ of PedDen . 2020;30(1):75-84.##24. Torabi M, Shojaee Poor R, Karimi Afshar S, Shojaat M, Karimi Afshar M, Moshrefian S. Evaluation of Parental Knowledge and Practice of Oral Hygiene Status in 7 Years Old Children in Kerman . ijpd. 2013; 9 (1) :21-28##25. Okada M, Kawamura M, Kaihara Y, Matshzaki Y, Kuwahara S, Ishido H, et al. Influence of parent's Oral health behavior on Oral health status of their School children an exploratory study employing a causal modeling technique. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2002; 12(2):101-105.##26. Vejdani J, MohtashamAmiri Z, Rezaei M. Prevalence of nursing caries and associating factors in 2-4 year olds children]. J Med FacultGuilanUni Med Sci2006;14:10-7.##27. Abedini H, Gilasi HR, Davoodi E, Eshghi T, Karbasi M, Heidarian M, et al. Prevalence and Causes of Decay In Primary Teeth of Children Aged 2-6 Years In KashanKashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran . 13 Aug.2015 ;21(5):28-35.##1. Lauris JR, da Silva Bastos R, de Magalhaes Bastos JR. Decline in dental caries among 12‐year‐old children in Brazil, 1980–2005. Int Dent J. 2012; 62(6):308-14.##2. Arora A, Scott JA, Bhole S, Do L, Schwarz E, Blinkhorn AS. Early childhood feeding practices and dental caries in preschool children: a multicentre birth cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(1):28.##3. Tickle M, Milsom KM, Donaldson M, Killough S, O'Neill C, Crealey G, et al. Protocol for northern ireland caries prevention in practice trial (nic-pip) trial: a randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services. BMC Oral Health.2011; 11(1):27.##4. Kumarihamy SL, Subasinghe LD, Jayasekara P, Kularatna SM, Palipana PD. The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 1-2 yrs olds in a semi-urban area of Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4: 336.##5. Amanlou M, Jafari S, Afzalianmand N, BahrampourOmrany Z, Farsam H . Association of Saliva Fluoride level and socioeconomic factors with dental caries in 3-6 years old children in Tehran-Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2011; 10(1): 159-66.##6. Ismail AI. Determinants of health in children and the problem of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2003; 25(4): 328-33.##7. Amiri Tehrani Zadeh NA, Asgarizadeh N, Kamel V. A literature review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. J DentMed 2012; 25(2): 142-50.##8. Nematollahi H, Mehrabkhani M, Esmaily HO. Dental caries experience and its relationship to socio-economic factors in 2-6 year old kindergarten children in Birjand-Iran in 2007. J Mash Dent Sch 2009; 32(4): 325-32.##9. McDonald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10 nded. China: Mosby;2015. P: 50-9, 235-6, 739-49 .##10. Bayat-Movahed S, Samadzadeh H, Ziyarati L, Memary N, Khosravi R, Sadr-Eshkevari PS. Oral health of Iranian children in 2004: a national pathfinder survey of dental caries and treatment needs. EMHJ 2011; 17(3): 243-49. ##11. Jackson SL, Vann WF, Kotch JB, Pahel BT, Lee JY. Impact of poor oral health on children's school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health.2011; 101(10):1900-6.##12. Gauba A, Bal IS, Jain A, Mittal HC. School based oral health promotional intervention: Effect on knowledge, practices and clinical oral health related parameters. ContempClin Dent.2013; 4(4):493-9##13. Jain A, Gupta J, Aggarwal V, Goyal C. To evaluate the comparative status of oral health practices, oral hygiene and periodontal status amongst visually impaired and sighted students. Spec Care Dentist.2013; 33(2):78-84.##14. Chachra S, Dhawan P, Kaur T, Sharma A. The most effective and essential way of improving the oral health status education. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent.2011; 29(3):216-21.##15. Thikriat S, Al-Jewair, James L. The prevalence and risks of early childhood caries(ECC)in Toronto, Canada. J Contemp Dent Practice 2010;11:45-51.##16. Milgrom P, Sutherland M, Shirtcliff R, Ludwig SH, Smolen D. Children's tooth decay in a public health program to encourage low- income pregnant woman to utilize dental care. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:89-93.##17. Kalantari B, Rahmannia J, Hatami H, Karkhaneh S, Farsar AR, SharifpoorA , et al. The prevalence of dental caries in primary molars and its related factors in 6 and 7 years old children in Shemiranat health center.Journal of Health in the Field 2014; 1(4): 7-13.##18. Abedini H, Gilasi HR, Davoodi E, Eshghi T, Karbasi M, Heidarian M , et al. Prevalence and Causes of Decay In Primary Teeth of Children Aged 2-6 Years In Kashan. Scientific Journal of IlamUniversity of Medical Sciences.2013; 21(5):115-124 .##19. Nabipour AR, Azvar KH, Zolala F, Ahmadinia H, Soltani Z. The Prevalence of Early Dental Caries and Its Contributing Factors among 3-6-Year-Old Children in Varamin, Iran. Journal of Health & Development 2013; 2(1):12-21.##20. Mitrakul K, Laovoravit V, Vanichanuwat V, Charatchaiwanna A, Charatchaiwanna A, Bunpradit W, et al. Factors associated with parent capability on child's oral health care. Southeast Asian. J Trop Med Public Health. 2012; 43(1):249-55 .##21. Wellappuli N, Amarasena N. Influence of family structure on dental caries experience of preschool children in Sri Lanka. Caries Res. 2012; 46(3):208-12.##22. PK Felipak , BL Menoncin , MRT Reyes . Determinants of parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children – The dental discomfort questionnaire .Int J of PedDen , 2020 ;11(2):178-182.##23. M Berzinski , M Alina , M Amye , B Sabina . Parenting and child behavior as predictors of toothbrushing difficulties in young children .IntJ of PedDen . 2020;30(1):75-84.##24. Torabi M, Shojaee Poor R, Karimi Afshar S, Shojaat M, Karimi Afshar M, Moshrefian S. Evaluation of Parental Knowledge and Practice of Oral Hygiene Status in 7 Years Old Children in Kerman . ijpd. 2013; 9 (1) :21-28##25. Okada M, Kawamura M, Kaihara Y, Matshzaki Y, Kuwahara S, Ishido H, et al. Influence of parent's Oral health behavior on Oral health status of their School children an exploratory study employing a causal modeling technique. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2002; 12(2):101-105.##26. Vejdani J, MohtashamAmiri Z, Rezaei M. Prevalence of nursing caries and associating factors in 2-4 year olds children]. J Med FacultGuilanUni Med Sci2006;14:10-7.##27. Abedini H, Gilasi HR, Davoodi E, Eshghi T, Karbasi M, Heidarian M, et al. Prevalence and Causes of Decay In Primary Teeth of Children Aged 2-6 Years In KashanKashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran . 13 Aug.2015 ;21(5):28-35. ##

بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد دانشجویان دندان پزشکی دانشکده پردیس انزلی در رابطه با راه های انتقال و پیش گیری از ایدز در کودکان در سال 1399 Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dentistry Students of Anzali Campus Dental School about ways of Transmission and Prevention of AIDS in children in 2020 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ویروس­ HIV یکی از میکروارگانیسم­های بیماری­زا منتقل شونده از راه خون هست که به عنوان یک عامل خطر شغلی عمده در میان کارکنان مراقبت­های بهداشتی مطرح می­گردد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد دانشجویان دندان پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، پردیس انزلی در سال 1399 انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی – مقطعی میباشد که به صورت تمام شماری، تمامی دانشجویان رشته دندانپزشکی پردیس بین المل انزلی شامل ورودی های سال 1393 تا 1395 که به تعداد  150نفر بودند، وارد مطالعه شدند و به و سیله پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، میزان آگاهی دانشجویان، نوع نگرش آنان و همچنین عملکردشان در رابطه با ماهیت بیماری ایدز، راههای انتقال و روشهای پیشگیری از این بیماری  با حضور پژوهشگر مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. سوالات پرسشنامه دارای چهار بخش مشخصات فردی و دموگرافیک، سوالات سنجش آگاهی، نگرش و  عملکرد بود. یافته ها: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد 55.3% نفر از افراد شرکت کننده در مطالعه آگاهی متوسط و 44.7% آگاهی خوب داشتند. 76% از افراد مورد مطالعه از نگرش منفی،21.3% از نگرش متوسط و 2.7% از نگرش مثبت  برخوردار بودند. 3.3% از افراد مورد مطالعه از عملکرد ضعیف، 29.3% از عملکرد متوسط و 67.4 % از عملکرد خوب برخوردار بود . نتایج آزمون Spearman Correlation نشان داد ارتباطی بین نمرات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد با سن شرکت کنندگان وجود ندارد (P>0.05) . نتایج آزمون T- test نشان داد اختلاف مشاهده شده در نمرات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد در دو جنس و در افراد با و بدون سابقه شرکت در دوره  های آموزشی از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نیست .(P>0.05) نتایج آزمون   ANOVAنشان داد اختلاف مشاهده شده در نمرات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد بر حسب سال ورودی از لحاظ آماری معنی دار هست  .(P<0.05) نتیجه‌گیری:  نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که میزان آگاهی و عملکرد دانشجویان دندانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان پردیس بین الملل انزلی در مورد بیماری ایدز وضعیت خوبی دارد ولی اکثر دانشجویان نگرش مثبتی  در مورد این بیماری ندارند. آموزش مداوم تا حدود زیادی در افزایش آگاهی و تبدیل نگرش منفی به مثبت در مورد این بیماری مفید خواهد بود.   2 Background: HIV is one of the blood-borne pathogens that is a major occupational risk factor among health care workers. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Anzali Campus in 2020. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which all dental students, including the entrants of Anzali International Campus from2014-2016, who were 150 students, were included in the study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess students' knowledge and type of attitude as well as their performance in relation to the nature of AIDS, ways of transmission and methods of prevention of this disease in the presence of the researcher. Questionnaire questions had four sections: demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice assessment questions. Results: The results of the present study showed that 55.3% of the participants in the study had moderate knowledge and 44.7% had good knowledge. 76% of the participants had negative attitude, 21.3% had moderate attitude and 2.7% had positive attitude. 3.3% of the participants had poor practice, 29.3% had moderate practice and 67.4 % had good practice. The results of spearman correlation test showed that there is no relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice scores with participants' age. (P> 0.05). The results of T- test showed that the observed differences in the scores of knowledge, attitude and practice in two genders and in individuals with and without a history of participation in the education courses were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The results of ANOVA test showed that the observed differences in knowledge, attitude and practice scores in terms of entry year were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the level of knowledge and practice of dental students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Anzali International Campus about AIDS is in a good level, but most students' attitude about this disease was not positive. Continued education will be very helpful in increasing awareness and turning a negative attitude into a positive one about this disease.   62 73 2021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/302021/04/30 1400/2/10 2020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/222020/08/22 1399/6/1 سیده هدیه دانشور S.H Daneshvar Iran ایران رضا محمدزاده R Mohammadzadeh Iran ایران Knowledge Attitude Dental students AIDS آگاهی نگرش دانشجویان دندان پزشکی ایدز 1. Azodo C, Umoh A, Ezeja E, Ukpebor M. A survey of HIV-related knowledge and attitude among dental nursing students in South Western Nigeria. Benin J Postgraduate Med. 2007;9(1).1-12##2. Alshouibi E, Alaqil F. HIV-related discrimination among senior dental students in Jeddah. J Int Soc Prev & Community Dent. 2019;9(3):219-24.##3. Montazeri A. AIDS knowledge and attitudes in Iran: results from a population-based survey in Tehran. Patient Educ. Couns. 2005;57(2):199-203.##4. Leili S, Elham S, Farkhondeh S. A population-based survey of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in general public, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Pak J Med Sci. 2008;24(6):838-44.##5. Bastami F, Zareban E, Beiranvand A, Vahedi S.Effect of educational pamphlet on knowledge and attitude of non-medical students about aids in university of Zabol in 2008.Health System Research. 2012: 9(8): 1027-39.##6. Erasmus S, Luiters S, Brijlal P. Oral Hygiene and dental student's knowledge, attitude and behaviour in managing HIV/AIDS patients. Int J Dent Hyg.2005;3(4):213-7.##7. Subramaniam P, Kumar K. Oral mucosal lesions and immune status in HIV-infected Indian children. J Oral Pathol Med.2015;44(4): 296–9.##8. Lauritano D, Moreo G, Oberti L, Lucchese A, Di Stasio D, Conese M, Carinci F. Oral manifestations in HIV-positive children: A systematic review. Pathogens. 2020;9(2):1-15.##9. Ramos Gomez F. Dental considerations for the paediatric AIDS/HIV patient. Oral Dis. 2002;8:49-54.##10. Alizadeh Siuki H, Zareban E, Rakhshani F, Hamaeian Razavi N. The effects of education on knowledge attitudes and behavior of students of high schools in Zahedan, 2011. Tolooebehdasht. 2013;12(2):113-23.##11. Heydari A, Gh H, Ramazani AA, Arefi A, Poodineh Z. Evaluation the effect of health education on Knowledge, attetiute and practices of Zabol's women barbers about AIDS in2008. Quar J Rostamineh.9-17##12. Lindegren ML, Steinberg S, Byers Jr RH. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000;47(1):1-20.##13. Sanei ME, Khosravi S, Abiz A, Marashi N, Nahr KM, Sarhadi I. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward HIV/AIDS among students of Zahedan Islamic Azad University.KHOON.2011;7 (4):206-13.##14. Faezi M. Amini M. Jalayeri naderi N. Najafi Rad S. Determining the level of knowledge of final year dental students of the University of Tehran about AIDS in the academic year2010-2011. Tehran Univ Med J. 2012. 30 (4): 351-9.##15. Bindal P, Bindal U, Safi SZ, Hussain K, Radzi A, Safwan H. Dental Students’ Perceptions on patients with HIV or Hepatitis B infection. Annu Res Rev Biol. 2014:3645-55.##16. Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Areeshi AY, Tobaigy HA. Knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among dental students of Jazan University, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(1):47-52.##17. Alrahmah WS, Ebrahim H, Younus M, Ansari FH, Ansari SH. Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Students towards the Treatment of Patients with Hepatitis and HIV; A Survey Done in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Donnish J Dent Oral Hyg.2018;4(2):31-9.##18. Ranjan R, Joshi R, Pramanik S, Jha C, Kundu A, Barman D. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists toward patients with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Int J Prev Clin Dent Res. 2018;5(4):63-7.##19. Patil PB, Sreenivasan V, Goel A. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and attitude of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients: A cross-sectional survey. J Educ Ethics Dent. 2011;1(2):59-63.##20. Kadeh H, Saravani S, Golzari P. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists towards patients with HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections. Avicenna J Dent.2014:6(1):1-8.##21. Brailo V, Pelivan I, Škaričić J, Vuletić M, Dulčić N, Cerjan Letica G. Treating patients with HIV and Hepatitis B and C infections: Croatian dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions. J Dent Educ. 2011;75(8):1115-26.##22. Khosravanifard B, Rakhshan V, Ghasemi M, Pakdel A, Baradaran-Eghbal S, Sheikholeslami R, Dadolahi-Sarab T, Rakhshan H. Tehran dentists' self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and observed willingness to treat simulated HIV-positive patients. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(9): 928-34.##23. Scully C, Laskaris G, Pindborg J, Porter SR, Reichart P. Oral manifestations of HIV infection and their management. I. More common lesions. Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol. 1991;71(2):158-66.##24. Kearns HP, Burke FJ, Cheung SW. Cross infection control in dental practice in the Republic of Ireland. Int Dent J. 2001;51(1):17-22.##1. Azodo C, Umoh A, Ezeja E, Ukpebor M. A survey of HIV-related knowledge and attitude among dental nursing students in South Western Nigeria. Benin J Postgraduate Med. 2007;9(1).1-12##2. Alshouibi E, Alaqil F. HIV-related discrimination among senior dental students in Jeddah. J Int Soc Prev & Community Dent. 2019;9(3):219-24.##3. Montazeri A. AIDS knowledge and attitudes in Iran: results from a population-based survey in Tehran. Patient Educ. Couns. 2005;57(2):199-203.##4. Leili S, Elham S, Farkhondeh S. A population-based survey of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in general public, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Pak J Med Sci. 2008;24(6):838-44.##5. Bastami F, Zareban E, Beiranvand A, Vahedi S.Effect of educational pamphlet on knowledge and attitude of non-medical students about aids in university of Zabol in 2008.Health System Research. 2012: 9(8): 1027-39.##6. Erasmus S, Luiters S, Brijlal P. Oral Hygiene and dental student's knowledge, attitude and behaviour in managing HIV/AIDS patients. Int J Dent Hyg.2005;3(4):213-7.##7. Subramaniam P, Kumar K. Oral mucosal lesions and immune status in HIV-infected Indian children. J Oral Pathol Med.2015;44(4): 296–9.##8. Lauritano D, Moreo G, Oberti L, Lucchese A, Di Stasio D, Conese M, Carinci F. Oral manifestations in HIV-positive children: A systematic review. Pathogens. 2020;9(2):1-15.##9. Ramos Gomez F. Dental considerations for the paediatric AIDS/HIV patient. Oral Dis. 2002;8:49-54.##10. Alizadeh Siuki H, Zareban E, Rakhshani F, Hamaeian Razavi N. The effects of education on knowledge attitudes and behavior of students of high schools in Zahedan, 2011. Tolooebehdasht. 2013;12(2):113-23.##11. Heydari A, Gh H, Ramazani AA, Arefi A, Poodineh Z. Evaluation the effect of health education on Knowledge, attetiute and practices of Zabol's women barbers about AIDS in2008. Quar J Rostamineh.9-17##12. Lindegren ML, Steinberg S, Byers Jr RH. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000;47(1):1-20.##13. Sanei ME, Khosravi S, Abiz A, Marashi N, Nahr KM, Sarhadi I. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward HIV/AIDS among students of Zahedan Islamic Azad University.KHOON.2011;7 (4):206-13.##14. Faezi M. Amini M. Jalayeri naderi N. Najafi Rad S. Determining the level of knowledge of final year dental students of the University of Tehran about AIDS in the academic year2010-2011. Tehran Univ Med J. 2012. 30 (4): 351-9.##15. 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