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گزارش مدیر مسئول مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران 1 1 گزارش مدیر مسئول مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران با درود فراوان حضوراساتید گرامی ، همکاران  محترم  وهمه بزرگوارانی که همکاری های ارزشمند و علمی با مسئولین محترم مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران داشته و دارند. مطالب  مذکور در ذیل گزارش مختصر و ضروری  از شرایط و موقعیت آن مجله علمی و اقدامات انجام شد ه توسط هیئت محترم  تحریریه مجله از دو شماره سال 99 تاکنون می باشد که  جهت اطلاع حضورتان تقدیم می گردد. در حال حاضر شماره دوم (پاییز و زمستان) سال ۱۴۰۰  مجله  بموقع و قبل از پایان سال  آماده  چاپ می باشد. عدم انتشار به موقع مجله در گذشته احتمالا بدلیل اختلال در بررسی مقالات و عدم   همکاری ها ی  ضروری می تواند باشد موارد مذکور در ذیل مجموعه اقدامات مفیدی است که جهت ایجاد اصلاح و تسهیل در روشهای دریافت ، تسریع دربررسی مقالات وهمکاریها و هماهنگی های  هیئت تحریریه  انجام گرفته است: ۱ -    تهیه سایت و دامنه برای مجله  قراردادهای گذشته خاتمه یافته بو د وباید هرچه زود تر تمدید می شد و قرار داد های جدید بر قرار می گردید. ۲ -  تنظیم مقالات بر مبنای وضعیت آنها در حال حاضر و بررسی های مورد نیاز مشخص شدند .   تقسیم بندی مقالات موجود به صورت زیر انجام شد: الف - مقالات در دست بررسی ب- مقالاتی که  برای داوران ارسال شده بودند ولی  ادرس داوران محترم مشخص نبود   و یا تلفن ایشان درست نبود  و در نهایت عدم همکاری نویسنده مقاله از موارد دیگر بود. ج -   وجود مقالات بدون شناسنامه: با بررسی دقیق مقالات چاپ شده ، آرشیوی و در دست بررسی در تمام  شماره های مجله و کدگذاری آنها وضعیت نهایی تمام مقالات مشخص  گردید ، بنابراین کلیه مقالات برحسب شرایط موجود شان در فایل های مربوط به خود قرار گرفتند. ۳ - تعیین داوران  برای بررسی مقالات جهت  تسریع در تنظیم  مقالات همکاران محترم (دعوت نامه همکاری) برای همکاران علاقمند به بررسی مقالات و امور ادیتوریال ارسال و از ایشان برای داوری مقالات دعوت بعمل آمد . در نتیجه با افزایش تعداد داوران گرامی  تصحیح مقالات سریعتر  انجام شده و ازتاخیر در چاپ مجله جلوگیریگردید. ۴ - مصوبه شورای ادیتوریال:  شورای ادیتوریال مصوب کرد که برای هر داور محترم پس از تکمیل داوری   معادل ۱۲ ساعت  پژوهشی برای هر مقاله گواهی داوری مقاله صادر کند و مقرر شد داورانی که گواهی  انجام داوری مقاله در گذشته  را داشتند در صورت تقاضا،  باستناد مقاله داوری شده توسط ایشان گواهی طبق فرمت درخواستی برای ایشان صادر گردد. ۶  - سرعت ارسال مقاله  جهت داوری: تصویب شد که حد اکثر دو یا سه  روز کاری پس از دریافت مقاله انرا  برای  داوران محترم ارسال نمایند  این تصمیم  باعث  تسریع اصلاح مقالات و متعاقبا تسریع در چاپ مقاله  می گردد . در موارد لزوم تماس مستقیم توسط مسئولین با داوران و نویسندگان جهت تسریع در امور  پذیرش مقاله  نیز انجام می گیرد ۷ - تنظیم سیستم اتوماسیون برای نویسندگان: بدین ترتیب که هر نویسنده گواهی امتیاز مقاله  را از طریق سایت می تواند دریافت کند. ۸-یکسان سازی مجدد فرمت مقالات انجام شد ۹ -  ضمن داوری مقالات ریفرنس ها نیز بررسی و Search می شوند  و بر مبنای سیستم ریفرنس نویسی دی او آی کراس رف  تنظیم می گردند مشخصات نویسندگان محترم مقاله بر مبنای فرمت ارائه شده  به نویسندگان  و با تائید و امضای همگی نویسندگان  مقاله انجام می شود که در پایان و پس از تکمیل تائیدیه  داوری مقاله همراه اصل  مقاله  در سایت قرار می گیرد. و این کار باعث اطمینان از رعایت حق  همه نویسندگان می شود. ۱۲ - هر مقاله دارای یک تاریخچه شامل زمان دریافت مقاله و مدت زمان طول کشیده جهت پذیرش مقاله است  که در  انتهای خلاصه مقالات از این شماره   به بعد چاپ می شود . ضمنا نحوه استناد به مقاله جهت ایندکس شدن صحیح مقالات از این شماره در هر مقاله ذکر می گردد. مجموعه موارد فوق که از دیماه ۱۳۹۹ شروع شد در طی دو مرحله انجام گرفته است : ۱- تثبیت موقعیت مجله ، سایت آن  و سپس تنظیم وچا‌پ شماره معوقه و پیش بینی انتشار بموقع شماره های بعدی مجله و در حقیقت جلوگیری از لغو مجوز انتشار با فدا کاری خانم دکتر شیوا رضوی و خانم دکترصدیقه صباغ ۲- مدیریت و ایجاد نظام کلیه امور ادیتوریال  شامل تشویق دریافت و تسریع انتشار مقالات ،  تقدیر و قدر دانی از داوران گرامی که حیات پایه ،اساس و وزن مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران می باشند و هم چنین کلیه موارد مذکور در فوق که اختصارا ذکر گردیده منجر به انتشار بموقع مجله و در دسترس قرار گرفتن مقالات و تحقیقات ارزشمند همکاران عزیز گردیده است. موارد مهم فوق در اثر صرف انرژی فراوان و علاقمندی به همکاران و احترام به حرفه و سربلندی آن است که به کوشش خانم دکتر مهکامه میر کریمی و خانم دکتر مارال جعفری انجام پذیرفته است. لازم به ذکر است که ارزش های  فوق تنها بدلیل صمیمیت همدلی و همکاری گروه ادیتوریال مجله و احترام قلبی و ارزش معنوی برای همکاران عزیز   ‘ دندانپزشکان متخصص کودکان ‘ وبا مدیریت  سر دبیر محترم مجله جناب آقای دکتر قاسم انصاری و همکاری سرکارخانم دکتر شیوا رضوی ، سرکار خانم مهکامه میرکریمی و سرکار خانم دکتر مارال جعفری می باشد. در پایان با سپاسگزاری از شما همکاران  بزرگوار و رهنمائی های ارزشمند تان  در ارسال مقالات ، داوری مقالات و همکاری با هیات تحریریه آرزوی پیشرفت روز به روز مجله که متعلق به تمام متخصصین دندانپزشکی کودکان سراسر کشور و انجمن دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران می باشد را دارم. مجتبی وحید گلپایگانی 0 0 2022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/1 1400/12/10 ## ##

مقایسه ی کارایی سه روش آموزش مسواک زدن در میزان برداشت پلاک دندانی Comparison of the efficiency of three tooth brushing training methods on dental plaque removal of 10-year-old female students 1 1 مقدمه:   بهبود بهداشت دهان و دندان نیازمند کاربرد روش‌های مناسب آموزشی در جهت ارتقای سطح  توانمندی گروه های  مختلف جامعه است. هدف این مطالعه مقایسه‌ی کارایی سه روش آموزش مسواک زدن بر شاخص پلاک دندانی دانش آموزان دختر 10 ساله در سنندج بود. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه قبل-بعد  بر روی 120 دانش آموز دختر در سه گروه انجام شد. در هر گروه، مسواک زدن  به روش    Modified Bass   با یکی از سه روش آموزش بر روی مدل دندانی، آموزش بر خود فرد، و آموزش از طریق فیلم آموزشی انجام گرفت. شاخص پلاک دندانی O'Leary قبل از آموزش، بلافاصله بعد از آموزش، 2 و 8 هفته بعد از آموزش اندازه گیری شد. داده ها  در نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 20 و با استفاده از آزمون‌های ANOVA، repeated measure ANOVA تجزیه و تحلیل شد. سطح معنی داری این آزمون ها 0.05 در نظرگرفته شد. یافته ها: در گروه آموزش مدل دندانی، شاخص پلاک دندانی در 8 هفته  به طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافت و از دو روش دیگر موثرتر بود (0.001P value =). در گروه فیلم آموزشی، شاخص پلاک  در پیگیری دو هفته ای به طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافت، در حالی که هفته هشتم اندکی افزایش داشت (0.001P value =). در گروه آموزش بر خود فرد، شاخص پلاک  در هفته هشتم پس از آموزش کاهش معنی داری نداشت  (0.452= P value). نتیجه گیری: در دختران 10 ساله، آموزش روشModified Bass  بر روی مدل دندانی بهترین نتیجه را در کاهش شاخص پلاک دندانی دارد.   2 Introduction: Oral health is one of the most important aspects of a healthy lifestyle and its improvement requires the use of appropriate educational methods to improve the level of empowerment of different groups in the society. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of three methods of tooth brushing on Dental Plaque Index of 10-year-old female students in Sanandaj in 2019. Materials and Methods: This before-after study was performed on 120 female students in three groups. In each group, Modified Bass technique was trained with one of the following methods: on the dental model, in person training or play an instructional video. O'Leary Dental Plaque Index was measured at the baseline, immediately after training, 2 and 8 weeks after training. Data were analyzed in SPSS version20 using ANOVA، repeated measure ANOVA. The level of significance for these tests was considered 0.05. Results: In dental model training  group, Plaque Index was significantly reduced in 8 weeks follow-up  and was more effective than other two methods (P-value =0.001). In the video group, Plaque Index significantly decreased in two weeks follow-up, while showed a slight increase in 8 weeks (P-value =0.001).in In –person education group, Plaque Index did not show a significant decrease in the eighth week after training (P-value=0.452). Conclusion: In a population of 10 year old girls, Modified Bass technique training on dental model had the best results in reducing dental Plaque Index.   1 11 2022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 امجد محمدی بلبان آباد A Mohammadi.B.A ایران منیره کرمی M Karami ایران مهدی نوری M Nouri ایران سیده پویا مروتی S.P Morovati ایران brushing method training dental plaque Modified Bass technique dental model instructional video روش آموزش مسواک زدن پلاک دندانی Modified Bass technique مدل دندانی فیلم آموزشی 1-Robinson E. A comparative evaluation of the Scrub and Bass Methods of toothbrushing with flossing as an adjunct (in fifth and sixth graders). Am J Public Health. 1976 ;66(11):1078-81. ##2- Heidari K, Mojahedi M, Seyed Moalemi Z, Golshahi H. Comparison of scrub and roll brushing techniques in controlling dental plaque in 8-11 year-old children. J Isfahan Dent Sch.2012; 8 (4): 322-29[Persian].##3- Srivastava N, Gupta G, Rana V. A comparative evaluation of efficacy of different teaching methods of tooth brushing in children contributors. J Oral Hyg Health. 2013;1(3):1-4##4- Okada M, Kuwahara S, Kaihara Y, Ishidori H, Kawamura M, Relationship between gingival health and dental caries in children aged 7-12 years. J Oral Sci 2000 ;42(3): 151-55.##5- Sundell SO, Klein H. Toothbrushing behavior in children: a study of pressure and stroke frequency. Pediatr Dent. 1982 ;4(3):225-27. ##6- Frandsen A. Mechanical oral hygiene practices. In:Dental plaque control measures and oral hygiene practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1986. p. 93-116.##7- Deinzer R, Cordes O, Weber J, Hassebrauck L, Weik U, Krämer N, et al. Toothbrushing behavior in children - an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12 year olds. BMC Oral Health. 2019 ;19(1):68.##8- Deinzer R, Ebel S, Blättermann H, Weik U, Margraf-Stiksrud J. Toothbrushing: to the best of one's abilities is possibly not good enough. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):167. ##9- Muller-Bolla M, Courson F, Maniere-Ezvan A, Viargues P. Toothbrushing: which methods to use. Rev Odont Stomat. 2011;40:239-60.##10- Ilyas M, Ashraf S, Jamil H. Tooth brushing techniques; relative efficacy and comparison in the reduction of plaque score in 8-11 years old children. Professional Med J 2018;25(1):135-39.##11- Patil SP, Patil PB, Kashetty MV. Effectiveness of different tooth brushing techniques on the removal of dental plaque in 6-8 years old children in Gulbarga. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014;4(2):113-16.##12- Poyato‐Ferrera M, Segura‐Egea JJ, Bullón‐Fernández P. Comparison of modified Bass technique with normal toothbrushing practices for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal. Int J Dent Hyg. 2003;1(2):110-14. ##13- Chatterjee A, Asif, M, KS, S. Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults. J Health Sci Res 2017; 8 (1):25-30.##14- Harnacke D, Stein K, Stein P, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. Training in different brushing techniques in relation to efficacy of oral hygiene in young adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43(1): 46–52. ##15- Harnacke D, Mitter S, Lehner M, Munzert J, Deinzer R . Improving Oral Hygiene Skills by Computer-Based Training: A Randomized Controlled Comparison of the Modified Bass and the Fones Techniques. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5).##16- Afshar H, Aezami R, GHandhari motlagh H, GHandhari motlagh M. Efficacy of educational intervention on plaque index among pre-school children. ijpd. 2016; 11 (2) :51-60##17- Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Reijerse E, Snoek CM, Van der Velden U. Toothbrushing force in relation to plaque removal. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1996;23(8):724-29. ##18- Frandsen Am, Barbano Jp, Suomi Jd, Ghang Jj, Houston R. A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of The Charters', Scrub, And Roll Methods Of Toothbrushing In Removing Plaque. Scand J Dent Res. 1972;80(4):267-71. ##19- Frandsen Am, Barbano Jp, Suomi Jd, Chang Jj, Burke Ad. The Effectiveness Of The Charters ‘, Scrub And Roll Methods Of Toothbrushing By Professionals In Removing Plaque. Scand J Dent Res. 1970;78(6):459-63. ##20- Gafan GP, Lucas VS, Roberts GJ, Petrie A, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque of children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(9):4141-4146. ##21- Katz S, Mcdonald JL, Stookey Gk. Odontologia en Accion.3th ed. México : Médica panamericana; 2002.##22- Gibson JA, Wade AB. Plaque removal by the Bass and Roll brushing techniques. J Periodontol. 1977;48(8):456-59. ##23- Janakiram C, Varghese N, Venkitachalam R, Joseph J, Vineetha K. Comparison of modified Bass, Fones and normal tooth brushing technique for the efficacy of plaque control in young adults- A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e123-e129. ##24-Yazdani R, Vehkalahti MM, Nouri M, Murtomaa H. School‐based education to improve oral cleanliness and gingival health in adolescents in Tehran, Iran Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(4):274-281.##25- Cakmak Ozlu F, Aktunc E, Yilmaz H, Karadeniz EI. Effectiveness of three different types of educational methods on implementation of proper oral hygiene behaviour prior to orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2021;26(1):e2119248.##26- Leal SC, Bezerra ACB, Tolendo OA. Effectiveness of Teaching Methods for Toothbrushing in Preschool Children. Braz Dent J. 2002;13(2):133-36.##27-Ramezaninia J, Naghibi Sistani M, Ahangari Z, Gholinia H, Jahanian I, Gharekhani S. Comparison of the effect of toothbrushing education via video, lecture and pamphlet on the dental plaque index of 12-year-old children. Children(Basel). 2018;5(4):50.##1-Robinson E. A comparative evaluation of the Scrub and Bass Methods of toothbrushing with flossing as an adjunct (in fifth and sixth graders). Am J Public Health. 1976 ;66(11):1078-81. ##2- Heidari K, Mojahedi M, Seyed Moalemi Z, Golshahi H. Comparison of scrub and roll brushing techniques in controlling dental plaque in 8-11 year-old children. J Isfahan Dent Sch.2012; 8 (4): 322-29[Persian].##3- Srivastava N, Gupta G, Rana V. A comparative evaluation of efficacy of different teaching methods of tooth brushing in children contributors. J Oral Hyg Health. 2013;1(3):1-4##4- Okada M, Kuwahara S, Kaihara Y, Ishidori H, Kawamura M, Relationship between gingival health and dental caries in children aged 7-12 years. J Oral Sci 2000 ;42(3): 151-55.##5- Sundell SO, Klein H. Toothbrushing behavior in children: a study of pressure and stroke frequency. Pediatr Dent. 1982 ;4(3):225-27. ##6- Frandsen A. Mechanical oral hygiene practices. In:Dental plaque control measures and oral hygiene practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1986. p. 93-116.##7- Deinzer R, Cordes O, Weber J, Hassebrauck L, Weik U, Krämer N, et al. Toothbrushing behavior in children - an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12 year olds. BMC Oral Health. 2019 ;19(1):68.##8- Deinzer R, Ebel S, Blättermann H, Weik U, Margraf-Stiksrud J. Toothbrushing: to the best of one's abilities is possibly not good enough. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):167. ##9- Muller-Bolla M, Courson F, Maniere-Ezvan A, Viargues P. Toothbrushing: which methods to use. Rev Odont Stomat. 2011;40:239-60.##10- Ilyas M, Ashraf S, Jamil H. Tooth brushing techniques; relative efficacy and comparison in the reduction of plaque score in 8-11 years old children. Professional Med J 2018;25(1):135-39.##11- Patil SP, Patil PB, Kashetty MV. Effectiveness of different tooth brushing techniques on the removal of dental plaque in 6-8 years old children in Gulbarga. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014;4(2):113-16.##12- Poyato‐Ferrera M, Segura‐Egea JJ, Bullón‐Fernández P. Comparison of modified Bass technique with normal toothbrushing practices for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal. Int J Dent Hyg. 2003;1(2):110-14. ##13- Chatterjee A, Asif, M, KS, S. Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults. J Health Sci Res 2017; 8 (1):25-30.##14- Harnacke D, Stein K, Stein P, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. Training in different brushing techniques in relation to efficacy of oral hygiene in young adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43(1): 46–52. ##15- Harnacke D, Mitter S, Lehner M, Munzert J, Deinzer R . Improving Oral Hygiene Skills by Computer-Based Training: A Randomized Controlled Comparison of the Modified Bass and the Fones Techniques. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5).##16- Afshar H, Aezami R, GHandhari motlagh H, GHandhari motlagh M. Efficacy of educational intervention on plaque index among pre-school children. ijpd. 2016; 11 (2) :51-60##17- Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Reijerse E, Snoek CM, Van der Velden U. Toothbrushing force in relation to plaque removal. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1996;23(8):724-29. ##18- Frandsen Am, Barbano Jp, Suomi Jd, Ghang Jj, Houston R. A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of The Charters', Scrub, And Roll Methods Of Toothbrushing In Removing Plaque. Scand J Dent Res. 1972;80(4):267-71. ##19- Frandsen Am, Barbano Jp, Suomi Jd, Chang Jj, Burke Ad. The Effectiveness Of The Charters ‘, Scrub And Roll Methods Of Toothbrushing By Professionals In Removing Plaque. Scand J Dent Res. 1970;78(6):459-63. ##20- Gafan GP, Lucas VS, Roberts GJ, Petrie A, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque of children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(9):4141-4146. ##21- Katz S, Mcdonald JL, Stookey Gk. Odontologia en Accion.3th ed. México : Médica panamericana; 2002.##22- Gibson JA, Wade AB. Plaque removal by the Bass and Roll brushing techniques. J Periodontol. 1977;48(8):456-59. ##23- Janakiram C, Varghese N, Venkitachalam R, Joseph J, Vineetha K. Comparison of modified Bass, Fones and normal tooth brushing technique for the efficacy of plaque control in young adults- A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e123-e129. ##24-Yazdani R, Vehkalahti MM, Nouri M, Murtomaa H. School‐based education to improve oral cleanliness and gingival health in adolescents in Tehran, Iran Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(4):274-281.##25- Cakmak Ozlu F, Aktunc E, Yilmaz H, Karadeniz EI. Effectiveness of three different types of educational methods on implementation of proper oral hygiene behaviour prior to orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2021;26(1):e2119248.##26- Leal SC, Bezerra ACB, Tolendo OA. Effectiveness of Teaching Methods for Toothbrushing in Preschool Children. Braz Dent J. 2002;13(2):133-36.##27-Ramezaninia J, Naghibi Sistani M, Ahangari Z, Gholinia H, Jahanian I, Gharekhani S. Comparison of the effect of toothbrushing education via video, lecture and pamphlet on the dental plaque index of 12-year-old children. Children(Basel). 2018;5(4):50. ##

بررسی فراوانی Enamel Pearl در تصاویر CBCT در بیماران مراجعه کننده به بخش رادیولوژی دانشکده دندان پزشکی شهیدبهشتی در سال های1397–1396 Prevalence of Enamel Pearl in patients referred to radiology section of Shahid Beheshti dental school, using CBCT during 2018-2019 years. 1 1 مقدمه: آنومالی های دندانی همچون enamel pearl موجب ایجاد مشکلاتی در روند درمان بیماران میشوند. بر این اساس این مطالعه به بررسی شیوع این آنومالی پرداخته است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی تصاویر  CBCT 150 بیمار(در مجموع 4200 دندان) که از بایگانی بخش رادیولوژی دانشکده دندانپزشکی شهیدبهشتی بین سال های 96 تا 97  استخراج شده بود، بررسی شد. شیوع آنومالی Enamel Pearl ارزیابی گردید.تصاویر هر بیمار در نمای پانورامیک بازسازی شده از CBCTبررسی گردید، سپس هر دندان در نمای MPR و در نمای Cross section با ضخامت های  0.5mm مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. یافته ها: در این مطالعه از مجموع تصاویر CBCT 4200 دندان،تنها در دو نمونه آنومالی Enamel Pearlیافت شد؛  که بعد از بررسی یکی از نمونه ها در نمای MPR و Multiplanar،تشخیص اولیه ی Enamel Pearl توسط رادیولوژیست متبحر رد شدو تنهادر یک مورد آنومالی Enamel Pearl به شکل یک ندول گرد رادیواپک با حدود مشخص در فورکای مزیوباکال و دیستوباکال دندان هفت راست بالا مشاهده شد که شیوع آن معادل 0.02%محاسبه گردیدو با توجه به مشاهده این آنومالی تنها در یک مورد، اظهار نظر در زمینه ارتباط این آنومالی با سن، جنس، نوع فک و نوع دندان امکان پذیر نبود. نتیجه گیری: در جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه فقط یک مورد آنومالی Enamel Pearl با تصویر برداری CBCT مشاهده شد که شیوع آن معادل  0.02%  در جامعه ی مورد مطالعه  بود.   2 Introduction: Dental anomalies such as enamel pearl cause problems in the treatment process of patients. Accordingly, this study has investigated the prevalence of this anomaly. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, CBCT images of 150 patients (a total of 4,200 teeth) extracted from the radiology department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School between 2017 to 2018 were reviewed. The prevalence of the Enamel Pearl anomaly were evaluated. The images of each patient in the reconstructed panoramic view were examined, then each tooth was evaluated in MPR view and then in Cross section view with 0.5 mm thickness, finally the data were statistically analyzed. Results: In the present study, from a total of 4200 CBCT images, only two samples were diagnosed to have an Enamel Pearl anomaly. After examining one of the specimens in MPR and Multiplanar view, the initial diagnosis of Enamel Pearl was rejected by an experienced radiologist. Only in one case, Enamel Pearl anomaly was observed in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal furcation of the upper right second molar in the form of a round radiopaque nodule with definite boundaries, which had a prevalence of 0.02%. As this anomaly was observed in only one person, no statically relationship concluded between this anomaly and age, sex and tooth location. Conclusion: In the statistical population of the study, only one case of Enamel Pearl anomaly was observed by using CBCT imaging, which had a prevalence of 0.02%. 12 22 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 مهکامه مشفقی M Moshfeghi ایران فاطمه تویسرکانی F Tuyserkani ایران نوید جمال زاده N Jamalzadeh ایران CBCT Enamel Pearl Prevalence توموگرافی کامپیوتری با اشعه مخروطی(سی بی سی تی) مروارید مینایی فراوانی 1-Marzouk T, Alves I, Wong C, DeLucia L, McKinney C, Pendleton C, et al. Association between dental anomalies and orofacial clefts: A meta-analysis. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2021;6(4):368-81.##2-Jahanimoghadam F. Dental anomalies: An update. Adv Hum Biol. 2016;6(3):112.##3-Kapdan A, Kustarci A, Buldur B, Arslan D, Kapdan A. Dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Turkish children. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(02):178-83.##4-Emadian M, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Mesgarani A, Afkhaminia F, Nahvi A. Mother’s knowledge regarding oral health among their preschool children. Int J Pediatr. 2020;8(8):11681-9.##5-Baron C, Houchmand-Cuny M, Enkel B, Lopez-Cazaux S. Prevalence of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients: A retrospective study. Arch Pediatr. 2018;25(7):426-30.##6-Akgül N, Caglayan F, Durna N, Sümbüllü MA, Akgül HM, Durna D. Evaluation of enamel pearls by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17(2):e218-e222.##7-Rocha B, Andrade J, Valerio C, Manzi F, #225, vio. Enamel pearl diagnosed by cone beam computed tomography: A clinical case report. IJDR. 2018;29(4):517-20.##8-Sundfeld D, da Silva L, Kluppel O, Santin G, de Oliveira R, Pacheco R, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Etiology, Clinical Aspects, and a Restorative Treatment Case Report. Oper Dent. 2020;45(4):343-51.##9-Grine FE, Holt S, Brink JS, du Plessis A. Enamel pearls: Their occurrence in recent human populations and earliest manifestation in the modern human lineage. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;101:147-55.##10-Zengin AZ, Sumer AP, Ozturk G, Noujeim M. Imaging characteristics of enamel pearls on CBCT and their co-relation with supernumerary tooth. Oral Radiol. 2021:1-8.##11-Al-Zoubi IA, Patil SR, Alam MK, Khandelwal SKS, Khattak A, Raghuram P. A Radiographic Study of Prevalence and Location of Enamel Pearls in a Saudi Arabian Adolescent Population. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2018;18(1):3945.##12-Yonezu T, Hayashi Y, Sasaki J, Machida Y. Prevalence of congenital dental anomalies of the deciduous dentition in Japanese children. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 1997;38(1):27-32.##13-Kashmoola MA, Mustafa NS, Noor SM, Rozaimee R, Ameer FA. Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies and Defects: A Clinical Survey. JIDMR. 2021;14(1):265-272.##14-Çolak H, Hamidi M, Uzgur R, Ercan E, Turkal M. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of enamel pearls in a sample adult dental population. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(3):440-4.##15-Mariz ACR, de Brito GM, Farias DA, Machado AW, Campos PSF. A rare case of enamel pearl in canine tooth. J Oral Diag. 2019;4(1):1-3.##16-Ravanshad S, Khayat S, Freidonpour N. The prevalence of pulp stones in adult patients of Shiraz Dental School, a radiographic assessment. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015;16(4):356.##17-da Silva EJNL, Prado MC, Queiroz PM, Nejaim Y, Brasil DM, Groppo FC, et al. Assessing pulp stones by cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(7):2327-33.##18-Versiani M, Cristescu R, Saquy P, Pécora J, de Sousa-Neto M. Enamel pearls in permanent dentition: case report and micro-CT evaluation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42(6):20120332. ##19- Mao X-q. Root-like enamel pearl: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2014;8(1):1-4.##20-Darwazeh A, Hamasha AA-H. Radiographic evidence of enamel pearls in Jordanian dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(2):255-8.##21-Anderson P, Elliott J, Bose U, Jones S. A comparison of the mineral content of enamel and dentine in human premolars and enamel pearls measured by X-ray microtomography. Arch oral biol. 1996;41(3):281-90.##22-Alhumaid J, Buholayka M, Thapasum A, Alhareky M, Abdelsalam M, Bughsan A. Investigating prevalence of dental anomalies in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia through digital orthopantomogram. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(5):2900-6.##1-Marzouk T, Alves I, Wong C, DeLucia L, McKinney C, Pendleton C, et al. Association between dental anomalies and orofacial clefts: A meta-analysis. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2021;6(4):368-81.##2-Jahanimoghadam F. Dental anomalies: An update. Adv Hum Biol. 2016;6(3):112.##3-Kapdan A, Kustarci A, Buldur B, Arslan D, Kapdan A. Dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Turkish children. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(02):178-83.##4-Emadian M, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Mesgarani A, Afkhaminia F, Nahvi A. Mother’s knowledge regarding oral health among their preschool children. Int J Pediatr. 2020;8(8):11681-9.##5-Baron C, Houchmand-Cuny M, Enkel B, Lopez-Cazaux S. Prevalence of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients: A retrospective study. Arch Pediatr. 2018;25(7):426-30.##6-Akgül N, Caglayan F, Durna N, Sümbüllü MA, Akgül HM, Durna D. Evaluation of enamel pearls by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17(2):e218-e222.##7-Rocha B, Andrade J, Valerio C, Manzi F, #225, vio. Enamel pearl diagnosed by cone beam computed tomography: A clinical case report. IJDR. 2018;29(4):517-20.##8-Sundfeld D, da Silva L, Kluppel O, Santin G, de Oliveira R, Pacheco R, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Etiology, Clinical Aspects, and a Restorative Treatment Case Report. Oper Dent. 2020;45(4):343-51.##9-Grine FE, Holt S, Brink JS, du Plessis A. Enamel pearls: Their occurrence in recent human populations and earliest manifestation in the modern human lineage. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;101:147-55.##10-Zengin AZ, Sumer AP, Ozturk G, Noujeim M. Imaging characteristics of enamel pearls on CBCT and their co-relation with supernumerary tooth. Oral Radiol. 2021:1-8.##11-Al-Zoubi IA, Patil SR, Alam MK, Khandelwal SKS, Khattak A, Raghuram P. A Radiographic Study of Prevalence and Location of Enamel Pearls in a Saudi Arabian Adolescent Population. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2018;18(1):3945.##12-Yonezu T, Hayashi Y, Sasaki J, Machida Y. Prevalence of congenital dental anomalies of the deciduous dentition in Japanese children. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 1997;38(1):27-32.##13-Kashmoola MA, Mustafa NS, Noor SM, Rozaimee R, Ameer FA. Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies and Defects: A Clinical Survey. JIDMR. 2021;14(1):265-272.##14-Çolak H, Hamidi M, Uzgur R, Ercan E, Turkal M. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of enamel pearls in a sample adult dental population. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(3):440-4.##15-Mariz ACR, de Brito GM, Farias DA, Machado AW, Campos PSF. A rare case of enamel pearl in canine tooth. J Oral Diag. 2019;4(1):1-3.##16-Ravanshad S, Khayat S, Freidonpour N. The prevalence of pulp stones in adult patients of Shiraz Dental School, a radiographic assessment. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015;16(4):356.##17-da Silva EJNL, Prado MC, Queiroz PM, Nejaim Y, Brasil DM, Groppo FC, et al. Assessing pulp stones by cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(7):2327-33.##18-Versiani M, Cristescu R, Saquy P, Pécora J, de Sousa-Neto M. Enamel pearls in permanent dentition: case report and micro-CT evaluation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42(6):20120332. ##19- Mao X-q. Root-like enamel pearl: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2014;8(1):1-4.##20-Darwazeh A, Hamasha AA-H. Radiographic evidence of enamel pearls in Jordanian dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(2):255-8.##21-Anderson P, Elliott J, Bose U, Jones S. A comparison of the mineral content of enamel and dentine in human premolars and enamel pearls measured by X-ray microtomography. Arch oral biol. 1996;41(3):281-90.##22-Alhumaid J, Buholayka M, Thapasum A, Alhareky M, Abdelsalam M, Bughsan A. Investigating prevalence of dental anomalies in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia through digital orthopantomogram. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(5):2900-6. ##

آگاهی, نگرش و عملکرد مادران دارای کودک 6-3 ساله در مورد اهمیت دندان های شیری در شهرستان ساوه در سال 1400 Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of 3-6 year old children about the importance of baby teeth in Saveh city in 2021 1 1 مقدمه : مادران نقش کلیدی در زمینه بهداشت دهان و دندان فرزندان خوددارند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی, نگرش و عملکرد مادران کودکان 6-3 ساله شهرستان ساوه در مورد اهمیت دندان شیری در سال 1400 انجام شد. موادوروشها: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی 400 نفر از مادران کودکان 6-3 سالهتحت پوششمراکز بهداشتی-درمانی  شهرستان ساوهبه روش نمونه گیری چند مرحله ای وارد مطالعه شدند. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته مبتنی بر سازه های آگاهی, نگرش و عملکرد بود. داده ها با با استفاده از آزمون تی مستقل، آنالیزواریانس یکطرفه و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون در سطح معنی داری کمتر از 0.05 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار نمره آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد به ترتیب 3/2± 6/8 , 6/6±5/35 و2.1.±7.8 بود. نتایج نشان داد،که بین آگاهی بانگرش(33/0r=) ونگرش با عملکرد(72/0r=) ارتباط مثبت ومعنی داری وجود داشت(05/0p<). در مجموع 8% از کودکان یکبار در روز از نخ دندان، 2/7درصد یکبار در روز از مسواک و 50 درصد 2 یا 3 بار در هفته استقاده می کردند. مهمترین علت مراجعه به دندانپزنشکی (7/61درصد) دندان درد کودک بوده است. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که مادران مورد مطالعه دارای آگاهی متوسط، و نگرش و عملکرد ضعیف بودند. با توجه به نگرش و عملکرد ضعیف مادران در خصوص استفاده از نخ دندان و مسواک، طراحی و اجرای یک برنامه آموزشی به مادران در زمینه اهمیت مراقبت از دندان‌های شیری، پیشنهاد می شود   2 Introduction: Maintaining the oral health of young children is influenced by the knowledge and beliefs of parents, especially their mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of mothers of 3-6 year old children in Saveh city in 2021 about the importance of deciduous teeth. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 mothers of children aged 3-6 years of Saveh health centers. The participants were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of KAP. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 8.6 ± 2.3, 35.5 ± 6.6 and 7.8 ±2.1, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge with attitude (r = 0.33) and attitude with practice (r = 0.72) (p <0.05). In total, 8% of children used dental floss once a day, 7.2% used a toothbrush once a day, and 50% used it 2 or 3 times a week. The most important reason for going to the dentist (61.7%) was the child's toothache. Conclusion: The results showed that the studied mothers had moderate knowledge, and poor attitude and practice. Due to the poor attitude and practice of mothers in flossing and brushing, designing and implementing an educational program for mothers on the importance of caring for deciduous teeth, it is recommended.   23 38 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 زهرا صبوحی Z saboohi ایران محمود کریمی M Karimi ایران Knowledge Attitude practice Preschool child Baby tooth آگاهی نگرش عملکرد کودک پیش دبستانی دندان شیری 1-Karimy M, Higgs P, Abadi SS, Armoon B, Araban M, Rouhani MR, et al. Oral health behavior among school children aged 11–13 years in Saveh, Iran: an evaluation of a theory-driven intervention. 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Clin Exp Dent Res. 2019;6(2):215-24.##28-Chandran V, Varma RB, Joy TM, Ramanarayanan V, Govinda BS, Menon MM. Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the importance of primary dentition of their children in Kerala, India. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2019;17:247-52.##29-Calcagnile F, Pietrunti D, Pranno N, Di Giorgio G, Ottolenghi L, Vozza I. Oral health knowledge in pre-school children: A survey among parents in central Italy. J clin Exp Den. 2019;11(4):e327-e333.##30-Boustedt K, Dahlgren J, Twetman S, Roswall J. Tooth brushing habits and prevalence of early childhood caries: a prospective cohort study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(1):155-9.##31-Khanal K, Shrestha D, Ghimire N, Younjan R, Sanjel S. Assessment of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among parents of pre-school children attending pediatric out patient department in Dhulikhel hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2015;13(49):38-43.##32-Hashemi Z, Manzuri L, Rahimi F, Farzadmoghadam M, Gholami SAS. Awareness of care and importance of primary teeth among mothers in Yasuj 2017. Caspian J Den Res. 2019;8(1):24-30.##33-Mahmoud N, Kowash M, Hussein I, Hassan A, Al Halabi M. Oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of Sharjah mothers of preschool children, United Arab Emirates. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017;7(6):308-14.##34-Ramakrishnan M, Banu S, Ningthoujam S, Samuel VA. Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of parents about the importance of maintaining primary dentition-A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim care. 2019;8(2):414-18.##35-Merdad L, El-Housseiny AA. Do children’s previous dental experience and fear affect their perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)? BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):47.##36- Fisher-Owens S, Lukefahr J, Tate A. 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بررسی دقت روش Cameriereدرتخمین سن دندانی کودکان 7 تا 11 سال براساس رادیوگرافی پانورامیک درشهرستان اهواز Assessing the accuracy of Cameriere method in estimating the dental age of 7 to 11 years old children based on panoramic radiography in Ahvaz 1 1 مقدمه: روش های متفاوتی جهت تخمین سن بر اساس تکامل دندان ها معرفی شده است. در روش Cameriereعرض اپکس هفت دندان دائمی سمت چپ مندیبل اندازه گیری می شود. هدف از مطالعه ی حاضر، مقایسه ی میانگین سن تقویمی و سن دندانی به دست آمده به روش Cameriere بود. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه ی تحلیلی- مقطعی، 240 رادیوگرافی پانورامیک از 120 دختر و 120 پسر 7 تا 11 سال، بررسی شد. در کوادرانت چپ پایین هر رادیوگرافی، عرض اپکس باز دندان های در حال تکامل و طول این دندان ها، تعداد دندان های با اپکس بسته، عدد نرمال شده ( حاصل تقسیم عرض اپکس بر طول دندان ) و جمع عدد های نرمال شده، اندازه گیری و محاسبه شدند. مقادیر این متغیرها، وارد فرمول تخمین سن Cameriere شدند و سن تخمینی هر کودک محاسبه شد. داده ها با کمک آزمون t وابسته و نرم افزار SPSS ویرایش 24بررسی شدند. یافته ها: میانگین سن تقویمی نمونه ها، 42/8 سال و میانگین سن تخمینی آن ها، 44/8 سال بود. بنابراین بین این دو میانگین، تفاوت معنی داری وجود ندارد (616/0P=). تفاضل میانگین سن تقویمی و سن تخمینی در دختران، 08/0- سال و در پسران 03/0 سال به دست آمد. در نتیجه بینمیانگین های اختلاف سن تقویمی و سن تخمینی در دختران و پسرانتفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد(162/0P=).  نتیجه‌گیری: روش Cameriere در تخمین سن نمونه های مورد مطالعه، همچنین جهت تخمین سن در هر دو جنس، از دقت بالایی برخوردار است. 2 Introduction: Different methods for estimating age based on tooth development have been introduced. In the Camerirere method, the width of the apex of the second permanent molar tooth on the left side of the mandible is measured. The aim of this study was to compare the mean chronological and dental age obtained by the Cameriere method. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study, 240 panoramic radiographs of 120 girls and 120 boys aged 7 to 11 years old were examined. In the lower left quadrant of each radiography, the width of the open apex of the developing teeth and the length of these teeth, the number of closed apex teeth, the normalized number ( the result of dividing the width of the apex by the length of the tooth) and the sum of the normalized numbers were measured and calculated.   By Cameriere age estimation formula  age of each child was calculated  with values of these variables. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and SPSS version 24. Results: The mean chronological age was 8.42 and their mean estimated age was 8.44 years. There is no significant difference between them(P= 0.616). The difference between the mean chronological and the estimated age in girls was -0.08  and in boys was 0.03 years, There is no significant difference between the means of chronological and estimated age in girls and boys (P= 0.162). Conclusion: Cameriere method in estimating the age of the studied samples also in both gender, has a high accuracy.   39 52 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 پگاه راهبر P Rahbar ایران لیلا بصیر L Basir ایران محمدامین کاوسی M.A Kavousi ایران محبوبه حافظی M Hafezi ایران Cameriere method estimating age panoramic radiography روش Cameriere تخمین سن رادیوگرافی پانورامیک 1. Różyło K, Gruszka K, Różyło-Kalinowska I. Comparison of radiological dental age estimation by means of the method by Cameriere and the modified European formula. Nowa Stomatologia. 2018;23(2): 66-71.##2. Anastácio AC, Serras C,Vargas de Sousa Santos RF,Palmela Pereira C. Validation of Cameriere's medical-legal age estimation method using seconds premolars in a Portuguese population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018;60:30-4.##3. Bagh T, Chatra L, Shenai P, KM Veena, Rao PK, Prabhu V, et al. Age estimation using Cameriere’s seven teeth method with Indian specific formula in south Indian children. Int J Adv Health Sci. 2014;1(2):2-10.##4. Gannepalli A, Balla SB, Pacha VB, Babu DG, Vinay BH, Perkari S. Applicability of Cameriere European formula for age estimation of 10–15 years legal threshold in South Indian population. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2019;11(2):78-83.##5. Marinkovic, N.; Milovanovic, P.; Djuric, M.; Nedeljkovic, N.; Zelic, K. Dental maturity assessment in Serbian population: A comparison of Cameriere’s European formula and Willems’ method. Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 288, e1–e331##6. Apaydin B K, Yasar F. Accuracy of the demirjian, willems and cameriere methods of estimating dental age on turkish children. Niger J Clin Pract . 2018;21(3):257-63.##7. Kapoor D, Garg D, Applicability of Cameriere's method of age estimation in children on Nepalese population residing in central region of Nepal. IP Int J Maxillofac Imaging 2018;4(1):8-11.##8. Singh N, Grover N, Puri N, Singh S, Arora S. Age estimation from physiological changes of teeth: A reliable age marker? J Forensic Dent Sci. 2014;6(2):113-21.##9. Verma M, Verma N, Sharma R, Sharma A. Dental age estimation methods in adult dentitions: An overview. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2019;11(2):57-63.##10. Garizoain G, Petrone S, Plischuk M, Inda AM, Garcia MN. Evaluation of Lamendin’s age-at-death estimation method in a documented osteological collection (La Plata, Argentina). Forensic Sci Int Rep. 2020;2:100060.##11. Różyło-Kalinowska I, Kalinowski P, Piskórz M, Namięta N. Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in upper canines: Cameriere’s method assessed and modified in a Polish population sample using digital panoramic radiography. Res Sq.. 2020:1-16.##12. AlShahrani I, Yassin SM, Togoo RA, Tikare S, Khader MA, Alkahtani ZM. Age estimation by measurement of open apices in tooth roots: Study using Saudi Arabian samples. J Forensic Leg Med. 2019;62:63-8.##13. Cameriere R, Ferrante L, Cingolani M. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth. Int J Legal Med .2006;120(1):49-52.##14. Rahmati Kamel M, Valiollah A, Moudi E, Ravadgar M, Alvandifar S, Ghorbanipour R, et al. Evaluation Of Tooth Development With The Use Of Panoramic Radiography Based On Nolla’S Method In 8-14-Year-Old Individuals In Babol. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2017;13(1):91-8.##15. Javadinejad S, Mehdizadeh M, Torabi R. Accuracy of Cameriere method in chronological age estimation. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2012;8(4):314-21. ##16. Deepak P, Asha M, Raja JV. Age estimation by measuring open apices of lower erupted and non-erupted permanent teeth among 5-15 years old-a digital orthopantomograph study. Med Res Chron. 2015;2(5):633-43.##17. Yang Z, Wen D, Xiao J, Liu Q, Sun S, Kureshi A, et al. Application of Cameriere’s method for dental age estimation in children in South China. Forensic Sci Res. 2021:1-9.##18. Sakhdari s, Mehralizadeh S, Zolfaghari M, Madadi M. Age estimation from pulp tooth area ratio using digital panoramic radiography. J Iran Dent Assoc. 2015;27(1):19-23.##19. Cameriere R, Ferrante L, Liversidge H, Prieto J, Brkic H. Accuracy of age estimation in children using radiograph of developing teeth. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;176(2-3):173-7.##20. Rai B, Anand S. Age estimation in children from dental radiograph: A regression equation. Int J Biol Anthropol. 2008;1:1-5.##21. Cameriere R, De Angelis D, Ferrante L, Scarpino F, Cingolani M. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: a European formula. Int J Legal Med. 2007;121(6):449-53.##22. Rai B, Kaur J, Cingolani M, Ferrante L, Cameriere R. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: an Indian formula. Int J Legal Med. 2010;124(3):237-41.##23. Hostiuc S, Diaconescu I, Rusu MC, Negoi I, editors. Age Estimation Using the Cameriere Methods of Open Apices: A Meta-Analysis. Healthcare.2021;9(2):237.##24. Mazzilli LEN, Melani RFH, Lascala CA, Palacio LAV, Cameriere R. Age estimation: Cameriere's open apices methodology accuracy on a southeast Brazilian sample. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018;58:164-8.##25. Latic-Dautovic M, Nakas E, Jeleskovic A, Cavric J, Galic I. Cameriere’s European formula for age estimation: a study on the children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. South Eur J Orthod Dentofac Res.. 2017;4(2):26-30.##1. Różyło K, Gruszka K, Różyło-Kalinowska I. Comparison of radiological dental age estimation by means of the method by Cameriere and the modified European formula. Nowa Stomatologia. 2018;23(2): 66-71.##2. Anastácio AC, Serras C,Vargas de Sousa Santos RF,Palmela Pereira C. Validation of Cameriere's medical-legal age estimation method using seconds premolars in a Portuguese population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018;60:30-4.##3. Bagh T, Chatra L, Shenai P, KM Veena, Rao PK, Prabhu V, et al. Age estimation using Cameriere’s seven teeth method with Indian specific formula in south Indian children. Int J Adv Health Sci. 2014;1(2):2-10.##4. Gannepalli A, Balla SB, Pacha VB, Babu DG, Vinay BH, Perkari S. Applicability of Cameriere European formula for age estimation of 10–15 years legal threshold in South Indian population. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2019;11(2):78-83.##5. Marinkovic, N.; Milovanovic, P.; Djuric, M.; Nedeljkovic, N.; Zelic, K. Dental maturity assessment in Serbian population: A comparison of Cameriere’s European formula and Willems’ method. Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 288, e1–e331##6. Apaydin B K, Yasar F. Accuracy of the demirjian, willems and cameriere methods of estimating dental age on turkish children. Niger J Clin Pract . 2018;21(3):257-63.##7. Kapoor D, Garg D, Applicability of Cameriere's method of age estimation in children on Nepalese population residing in central region of Nepal. IP Int J Maxillofac Imaging 2018;4(1):8-11.##8. Singh N, Grover N, Puri N, Singh S, Arora S. Age estimation from physiological changes of teeth: A reliable age marker? J Forensic Dent Sci. 2014;6(2):113-21.##9. Verma M, Verma N, Sharma R, Sharma A. Dental age estimation methods in adult dentitions: An overview. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2019;11(2):57-63.##10. Garizoain G, Petrone S, Plischuk M, Inda AM, Garcia MN. Evaluation of Lamendin’s age-at-death estimation method in a documented osteological collection (La Plata, Argentina). Forensic Sci Int Rep. 2020;2:100060.##11. Różyło-Kalinowska I, Kalinowski P, Piskórz M, Namięta N. Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in upper canines: Cameriere’s method assessed and modified in a Polish population sample using digital panoramic radiography. Res Sq.. 2020:1-16.##12. AlShahrani I, Yassin SM, Togoo RA, Tikare S, Khader MA, Alkahtani ZM. Age estimation by measurement of open apices in tooth roots: Study using Saudi Arabian samples. J Forensic Leg Med. 2019;62:63-8.##13. Cameriere R, Ferrante L, Cingolani M. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth. Int J Legal Med .2006;120(1):49-52.##14. Rahmati Kamel M, Valiollah A, Moudi E, Ravadgar M, Alvandifar S, Ghorbanipour R, et al. Evaluation Of Tooth Development With The Use Of Panoramic Radiography Based On Nolla’S Method In 8-14-Year-Old Individuals In Babol. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2017;13(1):91-8.##15. Javadinejad S, Mehdizadeh M, Torabi R. Accuracy of Cameriere method in chronological age estimation. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2012;8(4):314-21. ##16. Deepak P, Asha M, Raja JV. Age estimation by measuring open apices of lower erupted and non-erupted permanent teeth among 5-15 years old-a digital orthopantomograph study. Med Res Chron. 2015;2(5):633-43.##17. Yang Z, Wen D, Xiao J, Liu Q, Sun S, Kureshi A, et al. Application of Cameriere’s method for dental age estimation in children in South China. Forensic Sci Res. 2021:1-9.##18. Sakhdari s, Mehralizadeh S, Zolfaghari M, Madadi M. Age estimation from pulp tooth area ratio using digital panoramic radiography. J Iran Dent Assoc. 2015;27(1):19-23.##19. Cameriere R, Ferrante L, Liversidge H, Prieto J, Brkic H. Accuracy of age estimation in children using radiograph of developing teeth. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;176(2-3):173-7.##20. Rai B, Anand S. Age estimation in children from dental radiograph: A regression equation. Int J Biol Anthropol. 2008;1:1-5.##21. Cameriere R, De Angelis D, Ferrante L, Scarpino F, Cingolani M. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: a European formula. Int J Legal Med. 2007;121(6):449-53.##22. Rai B, Kaur J, Cingolani M, Ferrante L, Cameriere R. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: an Indian formula. Int J Legal Med. 2010;124(3):237-41.##23. Hostiuc S, Diaconescu I, Rusu MC, Negoi I, editors. Age Estimation Using the Cameriere Methods of Open Apices: A Meta-Analysis. Healthcare.2021;9(2):237.##24. Mazzilli LEN, Melani RFH, Lascala CA, Palacio LAV, Cameriere R. Age estimation: Cameriere's open apices methodology accuracy on a southeast Brazilian sample. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018;58:164-8.##25. Latic-Dautovic M, Nakas E, Jeleskovic A, Cavric J, Galic I. Cameriere’s European formula for age estimation: a study on the children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. South Eur J Orthod Dentofac Res.. 2017;4(2):26-30. ##

بررسی عوامل مرتبط با ترس و اضطراب کودکان از اعمال دندانپزشکی: یک مطالعه مروری Factors associated with children's fear and anxiety about dental practice: A review study 1 1 مقدمه: ترس و اضطراب کودکان از دریافت خدمات دندانپزشکی یکی از چالش های عمده در دندانپزشکی کودکان است، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی عوامل مرتبط با ترس و اضطراب کودکان از اعمال دندانپزشکی انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مروری، مرور منابع در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی علمی ، Google scholar Scopus ،Pubmed , SIDو پایگاههای اطلاعاتی داخل کشور شامل: پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی( (Scientific information database ، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور (MagIran) با استفاده از کلید واژه‌های انگلیسیFears, Dental fear ،Anxiety، Dental Anxiety ،    Patient Anxiety ، و با  بهره گیری از مرورگر MeSh بین سال‌های 2019 – 2010 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: سن کودکان، در مطالعات بررسی شده از دامنه 3 تا 17 سال بود. در مطالعات بررسی شده بخش کودکان دانشکده های دندانپزشکی، مدارس و مطب خصوصی دندانپزشکی به عنوان محیط پژوهش در نظر گرفته شده بود. متغیرهای که در بیشتر مطالعات بررسی شده بود، جنسیت، سن و سابقه درمان دندانپزشکی  بود. بیشترین تعداد مطالعات جهت بررسی میزان ترس کودکان با استفاده از پرسش نامه Dental Subscale of the Children's (Fear Survey Schedule )CFSS-DS انجام شده بود. سن، نقش والدین، نگرش خانواده، تجربیات دیگران، سابقه درمان دندانپزشکی عوامل اصلی مرتبط با ترس کودکان بود نتیجه گیری: برای ارتقاء سلامت دهان و دندان کودکان شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با ترس و اضطراب کودکان از اعمال دندانپزشکی ضروری می باشد.   2 Introduction: Children's fear and anxiety about receiving dental services is one of the major challenges in pediatric dentistry. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to children's fear and anxiety about dental practices. Materials and Methods: In this review study, we appraised related academic articles of resources in Google scholar, Scopus, pubmed and domestic databases including: SID (Scientific information database), and MagIran using the English keywords Fears, Dental fear, Anxiety, Dental Anxiety, Patient Anxiety, and using the MeSh browser between 2019-2020. Results: The age of children in the studies ranged from 3 to 17 years. Research environments in the researches were the pediatric clinic of dental schools, schools and private dental offices. The variables that were studied in most studies were gender, age and history of dental treatment. The highest number of studies was performed to assess children's fear using the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). The main factors related to children's fear were age, role of parents, family attitude, experiences of others, history of dental treatment. Conclusion: To promote children's oral health, it is necessary to identify the factors related to children's fear and anxiety about dental practices.   53 74 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 سیده راحله سهیلی S.R ایران Soheili مجید مهران M Mehran ایران Fear Anxiety Pediatric Dentistry Pediatric Anxiety ترس اضطراب دندانپزشکی کودکان اضطراب کودکان 1- Alaki S, Alotaibi A, Almabadi E, Alanquri E. Dental anxiety in middle school children and their caregivers: Prevalence and severity. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2012 ;4(1):6-11.##2- Assunção CM, Losso EM, Andreatini R, de Menezes JN. The relationship between dental anxiety in children, adolescents and their parents at dental environment. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2013;31(3):175-9.##3- Schnell J. Communication Strategies for Reducing Patient Anxiety in Pedodontics Dentistry. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2019;1(5).##4- Dahlander A, Soares F, Grindefjord M, Dahllöf G. Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years. Dent J (Basal). 2019 ;7(3):68.##5- Kakkar M, Wahi A, Thakkar R, Vohra I, Shukla AK. Prevalence of dental anxiety in 10-14 years old children and its implications. J DentAnesthPain Med. 2016;16(3):199-202.##6- Chhabra N, Chhabra A, Walia G. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear among five to ten year old children: a behaviour based cross sectional study. Minerva stomatol. 2012 ;61(3):83-9.##7- Ghandharimotlagh M, Fotouhi F, Ghandharimotlagh B, Jouya H. Evaluation of dentistry fear in 3-8 years old children referred to ShahidSadoughi Dental School in Yazd. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2019; 15 (1) :29-40.##8- Paryab M, Hosseinbor M. Dental anxiety and behavioral problems: A study of prevalence and related factors among a group of Iranian children aged 6-12. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2013;31(2):82-6 ##9- Leal AM, Serra KG, Queiroz RC, Araújo MA, Maia Filho EM. Fear and/or anxiety of children and parents associated with the dental environment. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(4):269-72.##10- Al-Namankany A, De Souza M, Ashley P. Evidence-based dentistry: analysis of dental anxiety scales for children. Br Dent J. 2012 ;212(5):219-22.##11- Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2014;14(54):84-90.##12- Safari S, Gholami M, Razeghi S. Development of a persian version of the children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale (cfss-ds) among 8-12 year-old female students in Tehran. jdm. 2018; 31 (2) :98-108##13- Maljaei E, Erfanparast L, Azima N, Babapour J, Hosseinpour K. The Correlation between Mother’s Emotional Maturation with Children’s Anxiety During Routine Dental Procedures. J Res Dent Sci. 2019;16(1): 60-66. ##14- Nilchiyan F, Mohammadi A. Assessment of the level of dental anxiety in 10-12 year-old students in Shahr-e-kord city in 2012. J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2013; 9(5):451-8.##15- Neamatollahi H, Tabatabaie S, Shakerimanesh F. Evaluation of the relationship between behavior of children in pediatric dental clinic and their mothers' personality. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2004;28(1):111-8.##16- Ghasem Pour M, Haji Ahmadi M, Pourya Vali M. Dental experiments induced anxiety in 6-12 year old children and relative factors. JBUMS. 2004; 6 (5) :12-16.##17- Nematollahi H, Nasehi A. Evaluation of the Correlation between Sensory Processing Abilities and Anxiety with Cooperation of Preschool Children Referred to Mashhad Dental School. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2019;43(2):179-96.##18- Baghi S, AmarehM ,Heirat R, Hajivandi A, Alizadeh Y. Evaluation of relationship between the children's dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment with the parents’ general health. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2018 ;13(2 ):37-42..##19- Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental fear and concomitant factors in 3-6 year-old children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2012;6(2):70-4.##20- Ollé LA, Araujo C, Casagrande L, Bent LW, Santos BZ, Dalpia DM. Anxiety in children submitted to dental appointment. Pesqui Bras OdontopediatriaClínIntegr. 2016;16(1):167-175.##21- Stigers JI. Nonpharmacologic management of children's behaviors.In: Dean JA. Mcdonald and Avery's Dentistry for the child and adolescent. Eleventh ed. Elsevier; 2022.P 341-43.##22- Kilinc G, Akay A, Eden E, Sevinc N, Ellidokuz H. Evaluation of children’s dental anxiety levels at a kindergarten and at a dental clinic. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30(1): S1806.##23- American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry:Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The Reference Manual of Prdiatric Dentistry. Chicago, III.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:306-24.##1- Alaki S, Alotaibi A, Almabadi E, Alanquri E. Dental anxiety in middle school children and their caregivers: Prevalence and severity. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2012 ;4(1):6-11.##2- Assunção CM, Losso EM, Andreatini R, de Menezes JN. The relationship between dental anxiety in children, adolescents and their parents at dental environment. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2013;31(3):175-9.##3- Schnell J. Communication Strategies for Reducing Patient Anxiety in Pedodontics Dentistry. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2019;1(5).##4- Dahlander A, Soares F, Grindefjord M, Dahllöf G. Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years. Dent J (Basal). 2019 ;7(3):68.##5- Kakkar M, Wahi A, Thakkar R, Vohra I, Shukla AK. Prevalence of dental anxiety in 10-14 years old children and its implications. J DentAnesthPain Med. 2016;16(3):199-202.##6- Chhabra N, Chhabra A, Walia G. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear among five to ten year old children: a behaviour based cross sectional study. Minerva stomatol. 2012 ;61(3):83-9.##7- Ghandharimotlagh M, Fotouhi F, Ghandharimotlagh B, Jouya H. Evaluation of dentistry fear in 3-8 years old children referred to ShahidSadoughi Dental School in Yazd. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2019; 15 (1) :29-40.##8- Paryab M, Hosseinbor M. Dental anxiety and behavioral problems: A study of prevalence and related factors among a group of Iranian children aged 6-12. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2013;31(2):82-6 ##9- Leal AM, Serra KG, Queiroz RC, Araújo MA, Maia Filho EM. Fear and/or anxiety of children and parents associated with the dental environment. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(4):269-72.##10- Al-Namankany A, De Souza M, Ashley P. Evidence-based dentistry: analysis of dental anxiety scales for children. Br Dent J. 2012 ;212(5):219-22.##11- Javadinejad S, Tahmourespour S, Ghasemi D, Yazdi F. The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2014;14(54):84-90.##12- Safari S, Gholami M, Razeghi S. Development of a persian version of the children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale (cfss-ds) among 8-12 year-old female students in Tehran. jdm. 2018; 31 (2) :98-108##13- Maljaei E, Erfanparast L, Azima N, Babapour J, Hosseinpour K. The Correlation between Mother’s Emotional Maturation with Children’s Anxiety During Routine Dental Procedures. J Res Dent Sci. 2019;16(1): 60-66. ##14- Nilchiyan F, Mohammadi A. Assessment of the level of dental anxiety in 10-12 year-old students in Shahr-e-kord city in 2012. J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2013; 9(5):451-8.##15- Neamatollahi H, Tabatabaie S, Shakerimanesh F. Evaluation of the relationship between behavior of children in pediatric dental clinic and their mothers' personality. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2004;28(1):111-8.##16- Ghasem Pour M, Haji Ahmadi M, Pourya Vali M. Dental experiments induced anxiety in 6-12 year old children and relative factors. JBUMS. 2004; 6 (5) :12-16.##17- Nematollahi H, Nasehi A. Evaluation of the Correlation between Sensory Processing Abilities and Anxiety with Cooperation of Preschool Children Referred to Mashhad Dental School. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2019;43(2):179-96.##18- Baghi S, AmarehM ,Heirat R, Hajivandi A, Alizadeh Y. Evaluation of relationship between the children's dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment with the parents’ general health. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2018 ;13(2 ):37-42..##19- Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental fear and concomitant factors in 3-6 year-old children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2012;6(2):70-4.##20- Ollé LA, Araujo C, Casagrande L, Bent LW, Santos BZ, Dalpia DM. Anxiety in children submitted to dental appointment. Pesqui Bras OdontopediatriaClínIntegr. 2016;16(1):167-175.##21- Stigers JI. Nonpharmacologic management of children's behaviors.In: Dean JA. Mcdonald and Avery's Dentistry for the child and adolescent. Eleventh ed. Elsevier; 2022.P 341-43.##22- Kilinc G, Akay A, Eden E, Sevinc N, Ellidokuz H. Evaluation of children’s dental anxiety levels at a kindergarten and at a dental clinic. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30(1): S1806.##23- American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry:Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The Reference Manual of Prdiatric Dentistry. Chicago, III.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:306-24. ##

بررسی میزان آگاهی و نگرش مربیان بهداشت دبستان های شهر رفسنجان از نحوه مدیریت ترومای دندانی avulsion در دندان های دائمی در سال تحصیلی 1399-1400 Assessment of knowledge and attitude of Rafsanjan primary school health instructors about management of traumatic tooth avulsion among in 2020-2021 1 1 مقدمه: پروگنوز تراما راﺑﻄﻪﻧﺰدیﮑﯽﺑﺎ ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و ﻓﻮری ﺑﻌﺪ از وﻗﻮعﺣﺎدﺛﻪ دارد.غالباﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎنﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ اوﻟﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد در ﺗﻤﺎسﺑﺎ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎنﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، بنابراین آﮔﺎﻫﯽ آنﻫﺎ از ﻧﺤﻮهﺑﺮﺧﻮردﺑﺎ ایﻦﺻﺪﻣﺎت،ﻧﻘﺶﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی و درﻣﺎن دارد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ایﻦﭘﮋوﻫﺶ تعیین میزان آگاهی مربیان بهداشت دبستان های شهر رفسنجان از نحوه مدیریت ترومای دندانی avulsionدر سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 بود. موادوروش‌ها:درایﻦﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ،ﮐﻠﯿﻪﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎنﻣﺪارساﺑﺘﺪایﯽرفسنجانﮐﻪ32ﻧﻔﺮﺑﻮدﻧﺪ،ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎیﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎتﮔﺮد آوری ﺷﺪهاز 30 مربی مورد ﺗﺠﺰیﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آماری قرار گرفت. ﺑرای آزﻣﻮنﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎیﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮنﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎیﻧﺎنﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮیﮏﺿﺮیﺐﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﭙﯿﺮﻣﻦ،ﻣﻦ- ویﺘﻨﯽ و ﮐﺮوﺳﮑﺎل واﻟﯿﺲ توسط نرم افزار Spss-20اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪ.  یافته ها: میانگین نمره آگاهی و نگرش مربیان از مدیریت avulsion به ترتیب 6/6  ± 2/14 و 41/65 ± 3/22بود. ﺑﯿﻦﻧﻤﺮه آﮔﺎﻫﯽﺑﺎﺳﻦ،ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪﮐﺎر،ﻣﯿﺰانﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و تجربه مواجههﺑﺎﻓﺮد دﭼﺎرavulsionارﺗﺒﺎط آﻣﺎریﻣﻌﻨﯽداری وﺟﻮدﻧﺪاﺷﺖ(05/0<P). در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ حاضر،ﻧﻤﺮه آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽﮐﻪ دوره آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ را ﮔﺬراﻧﺪه‌ا‌ﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎیﺮ اﻓﺮادﺑﻮد ، که از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎری این ﺗﻔﺎوتﻣﻌﻨﯽدار بود (001/0P< ). نتیجه‌گیری: آﮔﺎﻫﯽﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن در ﻣﻮردﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی دﻧﺪاﻧﯽﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ بودو ﮐﺎرﺑﺮداﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋیﻫﺎیﯽﺑﺮایﺑﻬﺒﻮد داﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن در ایﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ لازم اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎﮐﻪ اﻓﺰایﺶ آﮔﺎﻫﯽﻣﻮﺟﺐﭘﯿﺶ آﮔﻬﯽﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮ در ﺻﺪﻣﺎت دﻧﺪاﻧﯽﻣﯽﺷﻮد،ﺑﺮﮔﺰاری دورهﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰایﺶ آﮔﺎﻫﯽﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن اﻣﺮی ﺿﺮوریﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.   2 Introduction: There is a close relationship between immediate and correct management of dental trauma and its prognosis. The health educators are often the first people in contact with children in this places, so their awareness of how to deal with these injuries plays an important role in prevention and treatment of dental trauma. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of health educators in confrontation with dental injuries in primary schools of Rafsanjan in 2020. Methods and materials: In this cross-sectional study, all of 32 health instructors in primary schools of Rafsanjan were identified. After completing questionnaires, collected data from 30 health instructors were analyzed. In order to test the research hypotheses, Multiple regression, Non-parametric tests of spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and kruskal-wallis were utilized using SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores of health educators related to management of avulsion were 14.2±6.6 and 22.3 ± 65/41 respectively. There was no significant statistical correlation between knowledge score and age, work experience and education level and experience dealing with an avulsion (P>0.05). In this study, the knowledge score of the health educators who had passed the training was statistically higher than others (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results show insufficient knowledge of health educators about the management of dental trauma and the need to use strategies to improve the knowledge of health educators in this field. Because increasing awareness leads to better prognosis in dental traumas; it is necessary to hold training courses to increase the awareness of health educators.   75 85 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 امین انصاری نیا A Ansarinia ایران سمیه سالاری صدیق S Salari sedigh ایران امیرحسین منتظری A.M Montazeri ایران احسان مرادی عسکری E Moradi askari ایران Knowledge Attitude Tooth avulsion Tooth replantation آگاهی نگرش اوالژن دندان ریپلنت کردن دندان 1. Singh TP, Bhambal A, Bhambani G, Pandya P. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Primary School Teachers regarding Emergency Management of Dental Trauma in Primary School Children of Bhopal City, Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2019;6(4):8-12.##2. Moieni P, Kharazi Fard M, Rafii Anaraki M, Sadra E. Evaluation of martial arts instructor knowledge about tooth avulsion and associated factors in stadiums of Tehran in 2009. J Res Dent Sci 2013;9(4):219-23.##3. Tewari N, Goel S, Rahul M, Mathur VP, Ritwik P, Haldar P, et al. Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among school teachers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Dent traumatol.2020;36(6):568-83.##4. de Souza Júnior SA, Pavan NNO, Ferreira MLG, Weber I, Endo MS. Dental avulsion: assessment of dentistry students´ knowledge in southern Brazil. SaBios-Revista de Saúde e Biologia .2020;15(2):26-34.##5. Kamali A, Taghdisi Kashani A, Hydarpoor M. Primary school health teachers’ knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth in Hamadan. jdm. 2016;29(2):129-35.##6. Shahnaseri S, khalili Z, Mousavi S, Jafari N. Evaluation of Knowledge of Parents of Children Aged 8-12 Years about Traumatic Avulsed Teeth in Isfahan in 2016. Journal of Mashhad Dental School2017;41(1):41-50##7.Olatosi OO, Mgbemere OJ, Oyapero A, Omotuyole AS, Okolo CC. Awareness and preferred mode of getting information on first aid management of avulsed permanent teeth: survey of Nigerian mothers.Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr.2020;21: e0124.##8. Abbasi M, Araghi S, Jazieeyan A, Moravej Salehi E. Evaluation of General dentists’ knowledge about Dental avulsion. J Res Dent Sci. 2020;17(1):57-63.##9.Soleymani Baghshah A. Assessment of knowledge and attitude of mothers with primary school children about avulsion dental injury in Kerman in 2016. Thesis. Kerman: Kerman University of medical siences; 2018.##10. Moieni P, Akbari H, Kharazi M, Sadra E. Evaluation Of Martial Art Masters,S Knowledge About Tooth Avulsion And Associated Factors. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2012;7(1):31-6.##11. Sharj sharifiF, The effect of a leaflet on the knowledge regarding dental trauma among referral mothers to Shahid Beheshti's school of dentistry at 1394.[Dissertation].Tehran, Iran: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences;2017.##12. Pithon MM, Santos RLd, Magalhães PHB, Coqueiro RdS. Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(5): 110–115. ##13.Karami M, Moradi M, Shafiee F. Evaluating the knowledge of elementary school health teachers of Sanandaj about traumatic dental injuries in year 2017-2018. Journal of Dental Medicine 2019;31(4):239-48.##14. Al‐Jundi SH, Al‐Waeili H, Khairalah K. Knowledge and attitude of Jordanian school health teachers with regards to emergency management of dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(4):183-87.##15. Mesgarzadeh AH, Shahamfar M, Hefzollesan A. Evaluating knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers on emergency management of traumatic dental injuries: a study in an Iranian urban area. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009;7(3):297-308.##16. Chandukutty D, Peedikayil FC, Premkumar CT, Narasimhan D, Jose D. Awareness of dental trauma management among school teachers of Kannur, Kerala, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(2):ZC08-ZC12.##17. Singh M, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Yadav P. Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of school teachers about emergency management of traumatic dental injury. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2015;5(2):108-13.##1. Singh TP, Bhambal A, Bhambani G, Pandya P. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Primary School Teachers regarding Emergency Management of Dental Trauma in Primary School Children of Bhopal City, Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2019;6(4):8-12.##2. Moieni P, Kharazi Fard M, Rafii Anaraki M, Sadra E. Evaluation of martial arts instructor knowledge about tooth avulsion and associated factors in stadiums of Tehran in 2009. J Res Dent Sci 2013;9(4):219-23.##3. Tewari N, Goel S, Rahul M, Mathur VP, Ritwik P, Haldar P, et al. Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among school teachers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Dent traumatol.2020;36(6):568-83.##4. de Souza Júnior SA, Pavan NNO, Ferreira MLG, Weber I, Endo MS. Dental avulsion: assessment of dentistry students´ knowledge in southern Brazil. SaBios-Revista de Saúde e Biologia .2020;15(2):26-34.##5. Kamali A, Taghdisi Kashani A, Hydarpoor M. Primary school health teachers’ knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth in Hamadan. jdm. 2016;29(2):129-35.##6. Shahnaseri S, khalili Z, Mousavi S, Jafari N. Evaluation of Knowledge of Parents of Children Aged 8-12 Years about Traumatic Avulsed Teeth in Isfahan in 2016. Journal of Mashhad Dental School2017;41(1):41-50##7.Olatosi OO, Mgbemere OJ, Oyapero A, Omotuyole AS, Okolo CC. Awareness and preferred mode of getting information on first aid management of avulsed permanent teeth: survey of Nigerian mothers.Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr.2020;21: e0124.##8. Abbasi M, Araghi S, Jazieeyan A, Moravej Salehi E. Evaluation of General dentists’ knowledge about Dental avulsion. J Res Dent Sci. 2020;17(1):57-63.##9.Soleymani Baghshah A. Assessment of knowledge and attitude of mothers with primary school children about avulsion dental injury in Kerman in 2016. Thesis. Kerman: Kerman University of medical siences; 2018.##10. Moieni P, Akbari H, Kharazi M, Sadra E. Evaluation Of Martial Art Masters,S Knowledge About Tooth Avulsion And Associated Factors. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2012;7(1):31-6.##11. Sharj sharifiF, The effect of a leaflet on the knowledge regarding dental trauma among referral mothers to Shahid Beheshti's school of dentistry at 1394.[Dissertation].Tehran, Iran: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences;2017.##12. Pithon MM, Santos RLd, Magalhães PHB, Coqueiro RdS. Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(5): 110–115. ##13.Karami M, Moradi M, Shafiee F. Evaluating the knowledge of elementary school health teachers of Sanandaj about traumatic dental injuries in year 2017-2018. Journal of Dental Medicine 2019;31(4):239-48.##14. Al‐Jundi SH, Al‐Waeili H, Khairalah K. Knowledge and attitude of Jordanian school health teachers with regards to emergency management of dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(4):183-87.##15. Mesgarzadeh AH, Shahamfar M, Hefzollesan A. Evaluating knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers on emergency management of traumatic dental injuries: a study in an Iranian urban area. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009;7(3):297-308.##16. Chandukutty D, Peedikayil FC, Premkumar CT, Narasimhan D, Jose D. Awareness of dental trauma management among school teachers of Kannur, Kerala, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(2):ZC08-ZC12.##17. Singh M, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Yadav P. Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of school teachers about emergency management of traumatic dental injury. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2015;5(2):108-13. ##

بررسی آگاهی و نگرش والدین نسبت به اصول صحیح رعایت بهداشت دهان درکودکان 3 تا 7 ساله شهر ایلام در سال 1399 Evaluation of parental knowledge and attitude toward appropriate principles of oral hygiene in 3-7-years-old children in Ilam, 2021 1 1 مقدمه : آگاهی و نگرش دو شاخصه مهم برای سنجش بهداشت دهان و دندان بوده و نقش مثبتی در پیشگیری از بیماری‌های دهان و دندان دارند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی آگاهی و نگرش والدین نسبت به اصول صحیح رعایت بهداشت در کودکان 3 تا 7 ساله شهر ایلام در سال1399 انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی از نوع مقطعی بر روی 109 نفر از والدین کودکان 3 تا 7 ساله که به کلینیک‌های دندانپزشکی سطح شهر ایلام مراجعه کرده‌ بودند، صورت گرفت. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخت بود. اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده وارد نرم افزار SPSS 24شد و سطح معنی‌داری برابر 5 درصد درنظر گرفته‌شد. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه میانگین نمره آگاهی مادران 074/7±29 و میانگین نمره آگاهی پدران 5±27 بود. میانگین نمره نگرش مادران 6±53 و میانگین نمره نگرش پدران 4±51 بود. 16% والدین دارای آگاهی ضعیف، 66% آگاهی متوسط و 18% آگاهی خوب داشتند. 14% والدین دارای نگرش ضعیف، 66% نگرش متوسط و 20% نگرش خوب بودند. نتایج آنالیز آماری نشان داد بین آگاهی والدین و سن (p= /009) و تحصیلات آنها رابطه معناداری دیده شد (p=/004) . همچینن نگرش با جنسیت (p=/048)، درآمد ( p=/019)  و تحصیلات (p=/018)  رابطه معناداری داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که اطلاعات والدین در مورد نحوه رعایت بهداشت دهان کودک در سطح پایین قرار دارد . لذا پیشنهاد می شود تمهیداتی در جهت  آموزش به والدین در سطح جامعه در نظر گرفته شود .     2   Introduction: Knowledge and attitude as important factors  for oral and teeth health play a positive  role in preventing oral and teeth diseases. The present study investigates the knowledge and attitude of parents toward the correct principles of  oral hygiene in 3 to 7 years old children in Ilam in 1399.                                                                          Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 109 parents of 3- to 7-year-old children who were referred to dental clinics in Ilam. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The collected information was entered into SPSS 24 software and the significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: In this study, the mean score of mothers 'knowledge was 29±074/7 and the mean score of fathers' knowledge was 5±27. The mean score of mothers 'attitude was 6±53 and the mean score of fathers' attitude was 4±51. 16% had poor knowledge, 66% had moderate knowledge and 18% had a good knowledge. 14% of parents had poor attitude, 66% had moderate and 20% had a good attitude.  Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between parents' knowledge and their age(p=/009) and education(p=/004). There was also a meaningful relationship between attitude and gender(p=/048), income (p=/019) and education (p=/018) . Conclusion: The results of this study showed that parents' information about the child's oral health observing is low. Therefore, education of parents seems necessary  at the community level.     86 101 2022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/22022/03/2 1400/12/11 2022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/12022/03/1 1400/12/10 مریم شفیع زاده M Shafeizadeh ایران مهدی فرج اللهی M Farajallahi ایران مینا احمدیان M Ahmadian ایران خدیجه ابدال Kh Abdal ایران Knowledge Attitude Parents Oral hygiene Child آگاهی نگرش والدین بهداشت دهان کودک 1- Faezi M ,Rejeh N, Hojjati A, Hojjati R. Determination of the mothers knowledge, attitude, and practice about orodental health of their 1-6 years children in regions 3 and 16 of Tehran in 2015. Daneshvar Medicine. 2015;24:7-15.## 2- Torabi M, Shojaee Poor R, Karimi Afshar SA, Shojaat M, Karimi Afshar M, Moshrefian S. Evaluation of Parental Knowledge and Practice of Oral Hygiene Status in 7 Years Old Children in Kerman. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2013;9(1):21-8.## 3- Mlenga F, Mumghamba EG. Oral Hygiene Practices, Knowledge, and Self-Reported Dental and Gingival Problems with Rural-Urban Disparities among Primary School children in Lilongwe, Malawi. Int J Den. 2021;2021:1-10.##4- Halvani N, Bahrololoomi Z, Moradi O M, Zarebidaki Z. Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Parents Referred to Dental Clinics toward Importance of the Primary Teeth and Space Maintaining of them in City of Yazd in 2018. JSSU. 2021; 29 (1) :3375-88.##5- AbulazizAlmidaj M, Altariqi AA, ThafarAldaosari M, Shaikh S, AlBlehed AK, Aljabr AA. The Effect of Mother’s Education Level on Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among Pre-School Children of Zulfi Region, Saudi Arabia. Annals of the RSCB. 2021;25(4):15604-14.##6- Qin Y, Zhang R, Yuan B, Xu T, Chen H, Yang Y, et al. Structural equation modelling for associated factors with dental caries among 3–5-year-old children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):1-12## 7-El-Sayed MH, Osman KH, El Nour A. 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J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent.2021;39(1):478-20.## 16- Creswell C, Nauta MH, Hudson JL, March S, Reardon T, Arendt K, et al. Research Review: Recommendations for reporting on treatment trials for child and adolescent anxiety disorders–an international consensus statement. J Child Psychol Psychiatry.2021;62(3):255-69.##17- Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):229.##18- Colombo A, Tanner A. The role of bacterial biofilms in dental caries and periodontal and peri-implant diseases: a historical perspective. J Dent Research. 2019;98(4):373-85.##19- Azad A ,Tallatof Z, Moemeni P. Evaluation of knowledge and attitudes of primary students' parents about fissure sealants, florid therapy and preventive orthodontic treatment in Shiraz. Journal of Isfahan Dental School. 2017;13(3):250-7.## 20- Rabiei L, Masoodi R, Shirani M. Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers Visiting Dental Clinics in Isfahan about Two-Five-Year-Old Children’s Dental Care . nvj. 2015; 2 (4) :55-64.##21- Nazari Z, Taherpour M. Mothers' awareness, regarding orodental health of their Children at age of 1-6 years old in Shirvan. JNKUMS. 2014; 5 (5) :979-86.##22- Pan N, Cai L, Xu C, Guan H, Jin Y. Oral health knowledge, behaviors and parental practices among rural–urban migrant children in Guangzhou: a follow-up study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(97):1-11.##23- Ashkanani F, Al-Sane M. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers in relation to oral health of preschool children. Med Principles Pract.2013;22(2):167-72. ##24- Abdullah S, Abulqumsan G. The effect of mother knowledge on the oral health status of their children.IOSR-JDMS.2020;19(4):29-34.##25- Brega AG, Johnson RL, Jiang L, Wilson AR, Schmiege SJ, Albino J. Influence of Parental Health Literacy on Change over Time in the Oral Health of American Indian Children. Int J Environl Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5633. ##