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تاثیرکشیدن دندانهای شیری بر روی رشد و نمو کودکان 3-6 ساله The effect of the primary tooth extraction on the growth and development of 3-6 year old children 1 1 زمینه و هدف: با توجه به تاثیر وجود دندانها در عمل جویدن و دریافت مواد غذایی ، از دست دادن دندانهای شیری پیش از موعد میتواند تاثیرات مخربی بر رشد و نمو کودکان داشته باشد لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر کشیدن زودرس دندانهای شیری در رشد و نمو کودکان 3-6 ساله مهد کودکهای منطقه 12 تهران میباشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ،44 کودک  که 14 نفر آنها بدون دندان کشیده شده و 30 نفر آنان دارای دندان کشیده شده بودند در فواصل زمانی 5/2 ماهه از لحاظ قد و وزن اندازه گیری شدند. کودکان انتخاب شده هیچگونه بیماری سیستمیک و مادرزادی نداشتند. نتایج بدست آمده با تست آماری repeated measure ANOVA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: با توجه به تستهای آماری انجام شده افزایش وزن در گروه بدون کشیدن دندانهای شیری نسبت به گروه کنترل بیشتر بود ( 008/0 = P-value) همچنین افزایش قد در گروه بدون کشیدن دندانهای شیری نسبت به گروه کنترل بیشتر بود ( 003/0= P-value). بر اساس نمودار رشد بین دو گروه تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از مطالعه حاضر به نظر می رسد هنگام کشیدن دندان در کودکان زیر 6 سال علاوه بر در نظر داشتن مشکلات مربوط به کنترل فضا، باید مشکلات تغذیه ی و عواقب آن مانند تاثیر بر وزن و قد کودکدر نظر گرفته شود.  2 The effect of the primary tooth extraction on the growth and development of 3-6 year old children Alireza Heidari1 , Mahdi Shahrabi1, Somayeh Samavati2 1: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science 3: Dentist Corresponding Author: dr.m.shahrabi@gmail.com   Abstract Background and aims: Considering the role of the teeth on chewing and optimal nutrition, early loss of the primary teeth can have destructive effects on the child growth and development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of early primary tooth extraction on growth and development of the children aged 3 to 6 years in the kindergartens. Materials and methods: In this study, 44 children, 30 with extracted teeth and 14 without extracted teeth participated. The children’s height and weight were measured every 2.5 months for one year. The participants had no systemic or congenital disease. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: According to the statistical analyses the children who had no tooth extracted had significantly more weight gain(p-value=0.008) compared to the children who had some of their teeth extracted. The children without extracted teeth had also significantly more height gain(p-value=0.003) compared to the children with extracted teeth. However, based on the growth curves, the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: considering the results of the present study, in addition to space control issues, the nutritional problems and their consequences such as height and weight problems should be taken into consideration while extracting the teeth of the children less than six years of age. 7 14 2016/11/7 1395/8/17 2016/11/7 1395/8/17 علیرضا حیدری A Heidari Iran Iran مهدی شهرابی M SHahrabi Iran Iran سمیه سماواتی S Samavati Iran Iran primary tooth extraction growth. Development height weight کشیدن دندان شیری رشد و نمو قد و وزن Mc Donald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9thed, Mosby; USA, 2011.##Kantovitz KR, Pascon FM, Rontani RM, Gaviao MB. Obesity and dental caries – a systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent 2006; 4: 137-44.##Moreira PV, Rosenblatt A, Severo AM. Prevalence of dental caries in obese and normal-weight Brazilian adolescents attending state and private schools. Community Dent Health 2006; 23: 251-3.##Cameron FL, Weaver LT, Wright CM, Welbury RR. Dietary and social characteristics of children with severe tooth decay. Scott Med J 2006; 51:26-9.##HondanAyhan, EmineSuskan, SibelYildirim. The effect of nursing or rampant caries on height, body weight and head circumference. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 1996; 20(3): 209-12.##A Sheiham. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. British Dent J. 2006 Nov 25; 201(10): 625-6.##Willershausen B, Moschos D, Azrak B, Blettner M. Correlation between oral health and body mass index (BMI) in 2071 primary schoolpupils. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12: 295-9.##Willerhausen B, Blettner M, Kasaj A, Hohenfellner K. Association between body mass index and dental health in 1290 children of elementary schools in a German city.Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11: 195-200.##Willerhausen B, Haas G, Krummeuauer F, Hohenfellner K. Relationship between high weight and caries frequency in German elrmentary school children. Eur J Med Res 2004; 9: 400-404.##MostafaSadeghi ,FarnoshAlizadeh. Association between Dental caries and body mass index for age among 6-11 year old children in Isfahan in 2007. Journal of Dental research, Dental caries, Dental prospects 2007; 1(3): 220-226.##Dye BA, Ogden CL. The relationship between birth weight and growth with caries development in young children remains uncertain. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2011 Sep;11(3):156-9.##Teresa A.Marshall, Julie M.Eichenberger Gilmore, Barbara A.Broffitt, John J.Warren, SterenM.Levy. Dental caries and childhood obesity: role of diet and socioeconomic status. Community Dentistry and oral Epidemilogy 2007; 35(6): 449-458.##Mc Donald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9thed, Mosby; USA, 2011.##Kantovitz KR, Pascon FM, Rontani RM, Gaviao MB. Obesity and dental caries – a systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent 2006; 4: 137-44.##Moreira PV, Rosenblatt A, Severo AM. Prevalence of dental caries in obese and normal-weight Brazilian adolescents attending state and private schools. Community Dent Health 2006; 23: 251-3.##Cameron FL, Weaver LT, Wright CM, Welbury RR. Dietary and social characteristics of children with severe tooth decay. Scott Med J 2006; 51:26-9.##HondanAyhan, EmineSuskan, SibelYildirim. The effect of nursing or rampant caries on height, body weight and head circumference. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 1996; 20(3): 209-12.##A Sheiham. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. British Dent J. 2006 Nov 25; 201(10): 625-6.##Willershausen B, Moschos D, Azrak B, Blettner M. Correlation between oral health and body mass index (BMI) in 2071 primary schoolpupils. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12: 295-9.##Willerhausen B, Blettner M, Kasaj A, Hohenfellner K. Association between body mass index and dental health in 1290 children of elementary schools in a German city.Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11: 195-200.##Willerhausen B, Haas G, Krummeuauer F, Hohenfellner K. Relationship between high weight and caries frequency in German elrmentary school children. Eur J Med Res 2004; 9: 400-404.##MostafaSadeghi ,FarnoshAlizadeh. Association between Dental caries and body mass index for age among 6-11 year old children in Isfahan in 2007. Journal of Dental research, Dental caries, Dental prospects 2007; 1(3): 220-226.##Dye BA, Ogden CL. The relationship between birth weight and growth with caries development in young children remains uncertain. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2011 Sep;11(3):156-9.##Teresa A.Marshall, Julie M.Eichenberger Gilmore, Barbara A.Broffitt, John J.Warren, SterenM.Levy. Dental caries and childhood obesity: role of diet and socioeconomic status. Community Dentistry and oral Epidemilogy 2007; 35(6): 449-458.## ##

بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد دانش آموزان دوره اول متوسطه همدان نسبت به بهداشت دهان و دندان The survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of students to oral and dental health in Allameh Helli (1) high school in Hamadan 1 1 مقدمه: سلاﻣﺖ دﻫﺎن و دﻧﺪان یﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢتریﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ می ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. یکی از راههای بهبود سلامت دهان و دندان آگاهی یافتن از وضعیت بهداشتی آن است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی آگاهی و نگرش دانش آموزان نسبت به بهداشت دهان و دندان می باشد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در این ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ 165 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮعلامه حلی 1 شهر همدان با روش سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار مورد استفاده پرسشنامه 4 قسمتی شامل مشخصات دانش آموزان و سنجش آگاهی و نگرش و عملکرد دانش آموزان بوده است. اطلاعات بدست آمده توسط برنامه آماریSPSS16 و آزمون کای دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: 9/70% از دانش آموزان نسبت به بهداشت دهان و دندان آگاهی متوسط داشته ولی 7/86% از آنها نگرش بالایی داشتند. سطح تحصیلات مادران با نگرش دانش آموزان نسبت به بهداشت دهان و دندان ارتباط معناداری داشت(05/0  P<). 7 و در بخش عملکرد31% از دانش آموزان اصلا از نخ دندان استفاده نکرده و همچنین 54% از آنها از دهانشویه استفاده نمی کردند. مهمترین منبع کسب اطلاعات در زمینه دهان و دندان در5/31% از دانش آموزان مدارس بوده است. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: آﮔﺎﻫﯽ، ﻧﮕﺮش و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان دوره اول متوسطه دبیرستان علامه حلی 1 در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ دﻫﺎن و دﻧﺪان در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ بنابراین ﻟﺰوم آﻣﻮزش برای این افراد ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. از آﻧﺠﺎیﯽ ﮐﻪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان مهمترین ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﺴﺐ اﻃﻼع ﺧﻮد را مدرسه ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ  آﻣﻮزش از ایﻦ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎیﺞ رﺿﺎیﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ دﺳﺖ یﺎﻓﺖ. 2 Introduction: Oral health is one of the most important factors in general health in any society. One way to improve oral health is awareness of its health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' knowledge and attitudes towards oral and dental health. Methods: In this cross - sectional study 165 male students of Allameh Helli (1) high school in Hamadan were studied with census method. The questionnaire that was used, had 4 sections including characteristics, knowledge, attitude and performance of the students. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 statistical software and chi-square test. Result: 70.9% of the students had moderate awareness to oral health. But 86.7% of them had high attitude. There was a significant relationship between maternal education level and students' attitudes toward oral health (p<0.05). 31.7% of students did not use dental floss, and 54% of them did not use mouthwash. Schools were the most important source of information in the field of oral health, in 31.5% of students. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, performance in Allameh Helli (1) high school students on oral hygiene was at a moderate level. Thus the need for education for these people is emphasized. Since the main source of information for students was school, it seems that education in this way can be achieved satisfactory results. 15 22 2016/11/72016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/8 1395/8/18 بتول خداکرمی B KHodakarami Iran Iran سیده زهرا معصومی Z Masoumi Iran Iran سیده ریحانه اولیایی R Oliyayi Iran Iran سید محمد حسین اولیایی M.H Oliyayi Iran Iran مهدی حامدیان Iran Iran Knowledge Attitude Practice Dental hygiene Students آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ دﻫﺎن و دﻧﺪان داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز Mazloomi-Mahmoodabad S, Moein-Taghavi A, Barkhordari A, Alidoosti F. Effect of role modeling through theater show in oral health education. The Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDA). 2009;21(2):138-42.##Sanei A, Maleki Z, Moslemi M, Sabouri Motlagh N. Comparison of the effect of different preventive measures on plaque index. J Dent Sch. 2003;21(2):220-6.##Bjarnason S, Berzina S, Care R, Mackevica I, Rence I. Oral health in Latvian 15-year-olds. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103(5):274-9.##Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Mirshekar Z, Razavi S. Knowledge and attitude toward oral and dental health among Zahedan's guidance school students. J Dent Sch. 2007;24(4):492-8.##Fallahzadeh H, Haerian A, Bahrami N. Cost-income analysis of oral health units of health care centers in Yazd city. Journal of Dental Medicine-Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2012;25(3):217-23##Park Y, Lee S, Kim D, Jee S. Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. 2003;123(6):690-4.##Haerian Ardakani A, Soleymani A, Rashidi-Meibodi F, Gholami N, Hosseini-Abrishami M. DMFT Evaluation of First Permanent Molars in Primary-School Students in Yazd. tolooe Behdasht. 2012;11(2):1-9.##Mahfoozpour S, Ghorbani A, Nooritajer M, Akbarzadeh-baghban R. Assessment of Physical Health Status of Governmental High Schools' Male Students at Some Educational Areas of Tehran IJN. 2011;22(61):73-84.##Amini K, Amini A, Madani H, Pourmemari M, Fallah R. Investigation of Oral and Dental-Care Procedures in High School Students of Zanjan Province - 2005. ZUMS Journal. 2006;14(54):47-55.##Saadatnia S. Survey of Awareness, Attitude on Oral Health in elementary students of Boushehr. Tehran: Shahid beheshti university of Medical Sciences; 2001.##Zafarmand A, Moslemi M, Yazdi S. Knowledge and attitudes towards oral health students of Tehran. J Dent Sch. 2002;19(4):9-15.##Mazloomimahmoodabad S, Hadavandkhani M, Shirazi J, Dehghanitafti A. Survey of Awareness, Attitude and Performance on Oral Health in High School Teachers in Yazd City, in' 2010 Tolooe Behdasht. 2010;9(1):27-34.##Bakhtiari S, Maleki Z, Alavi K, Ghoddousi J. Knowledge and attitudes of Tehran high schools (district 1) about HIV. J Dent Sch. 2006;26(2):115-24.##MirzaeiAlavijeh M, Jalilian F, Baghiani Moghadam M, Hatamzadeh N, ZinatMotlagh F, Dahaghin N. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Elementary Schools Students about Oral Health in Yazd. Iranian journal of pediatric dentistry. 2013;9(1):43-50.##Naghibi SA, Yazdani Cherati J, Khujeh Z, Shah Hosseini M. Factors Influencing Oral Health Behavior According to BASNEF Model J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2013;23(99): 76-82.##Petersen P, Peng B, Bian Z. Effect of a school–based oral health education programme in Whuan City, People Republic of China. Int Dent J. 2004;54:33-41.##Bahri N, Iliati HR, Bahri N, Sajjadi M, Boloochi T. Effects of Oral and Dental Health Education Program on Knowledge, Attitude and Short-Time Practice of Pregnant Women (Mashhad-Iran). J Mash Dent Sch. 2012;36(1):1-12.##Mazloomi-Mahmoodabad S, Moein-Taghavi A, Barkhordari A, Alidoosti F. Effect of role modeling through theater show in oral health education. The Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN (JIDA). 2009;21(2):138-42.##Sanei A, Maleki Z, Moslemi M, Sabouri Motlagh N. Comparison of the effect of different preventive measures on plaque index. J Dent Sch. 2003;21(2):220-6.##Bjarnason S, Berzina S, Care R, Mackevica I, Rence I. Oral health in Latvian 15-year-olds. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103(5):274-9.##Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Mirshekar Z, Razavi S. Knowledge and attitude toward oral and dental health among Zahedan's guidance school students. J Dent Sch. 2007;24(4):492-8.##Fallahzadeh H, Haerian A, Bahrami N. Cost-income analysis of oral health units of health care centers in Yazd city. Journal of Dental Medicine-Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2012;25(3):217-23##Park Y, Lee S, Kim D, Jee S. Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. 2003;123(6):690-4.##Haerian Ardakani A, Soleymani A, Rashidi-Meibodi F, Gholami N, Hosseini-Abrishami M. DMFT Evaluation of First Permanent Molars in Primary-School Students in Yazd. tolooe Behdasht. 2012;11(2):1-9.##Mahfoozpour S, Ghorbani A, Nooritajer M, Akbarzadeh-baghban R. Assessment of Physical Health Status of Governmental High Schools' Male Students at Some Educational Areas of Tehran IJN. 2011;22(61):73-84.##Amini K, Amini A, Madani H, Pourmemari M, Fallah R. Investigation of Oral and Dental-Care Procedures in High School Students of Zanjan Province - 2005. ZUMS Journal. 2006;14(54):47-55.##Saadatnia S. Survey of Awareness, Attitude on Oral Health in elementary students of Boushehr. Tehran: Shahid beheshti university of Medical Sciences; 2001.##Zafarmand A, Moslemi M, Yazdi S. Knowledge and attitudes towards oral health students of Tehran. J Dent Sch. 2002;19(4):9-15.##Mazloomimahmoodabad S, Hadavandkhani M, Shirazi J, Dehghanitafti A. Survey of Awareness, Attitude and Performance on Oral Health in High School Teachers in Yazd City, in' 2010 Tolooe Behdasht. 2010;9(1):27-34.##Bakhtiari S, Maleki Z, Alavi K, Ghoddousi J. Knowledge and attitudes of Tehran high schools (district 1) about HIV. J Dent Sch. 2006;26(2):115-24.##MirzaeiAlavijeh M, Jalilian F, Baghiani Moghadam M, Hatamzadeh N, ZinatMotlagh F, Dahaghin N. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Elementary Schools Students about Oral Health in Yazd. Iranian journal of pediatric dentistry. 2013;9(1):43-50.##Naghibi SA, Yazdani Cherati J, Khujeh Z, Shah Hosseini M. Factors Influencing Oral Health Behavior According to BASNEF Model J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2013;23(99): 76-82.##Petersen P, Peng B, Bian Z. Effect of a school–based oral health education programme in Whuan City, People Republic of China. Int Dent J. 2004;54:33-41.##Bahri N, Iliati HR, Bahri N, Sajjadi M, Boloochi T. Effects of Oral and Dental Health Education Program on Knowledge, Attitude and Short-Time Practice of Pregnant Women (Mashhad-Iran). J Mash Dent Sch. 2012;36(1):1-12.## ##

مقایسه آگاهی ، نگرش و عملکرد پزشکان عمومی ،پزشکان متخصص کودکان و دندانپزشکان عمومی شهر تبریز در مورد سلامت دهان و دندان کودکان Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice of general physicians, pediatricians & dentists regarding the children’s oral health in Tabriz. 1 1 زمینه و هدف : هدف از این تحقیق بررسی سطح  آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد بین پزشکان  متخصصین کودکان، پزشکان عمومی و دندان پزشکان عمومی در مورد سلامت دهان و دندان کودکان در شهر تبریز در سال1393 می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی مقطعی 225 نفر ( 75 پزشک متخصص اطفال، 75 پزشک عمومی و75 دندانپزشک عمومی ) پرسشنامه ای در سه قسمت آگاهی(8سوال)، نگرش (12سوال) و عملکرد (6سوال) را پاسخ دادند. نتایج با روش های آماری توصیفی ، آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه توسطSPSS21 بررسی شد. ( P < 0.05 ) یافته ها: در مجموع نمره آگاهی و نگرش هرسه گروه بالا بود هرچند که دربرخی موارد مثل پوسیدگی زا بودن تغذیه طولانی از سینه مادر، تغذیه شبانه از شیر یا مایعات قندی هرسه گروه نمره پایینی کسب نمودند. عملکرد پزشکان عمومی و متخصصین کودکان به طور چشمگیری پایین بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه با آگاهی بالا، عمکلرد و نگرش  پایین در شرکت کنندگان، نیاز به باز آموزی روش های تجویز فلوراید سیستمیک مشاهده شد. پایین بودن عملکرد ضعیف پزشکان عمومی و متخصصان  اطفال،  همکاری بین گروهی پزشکی و دندان پزشکی، پزشکان و متخصصان بیشتر با روش های معاینه، تشخیص پوسیدگی، پوسیدگی زودرس کودکان در طول تحصیل الزامی می باشد.  2 Introduction: T study aimed to comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice of general physicians, pediatricians and dentists regarding the children’s oral health in Tabriz at 1393. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 participants (75 general physicians, 75 pediatricians and 75 dentists) which answered a questionnaire including 8 knowledge questions, 12 attitude questions and 6 practice questions. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA using spss-21 (P< 0.05). Results: The overall grade of acknowledgment and attitude was highly favorable among 3 groups; items such as caries due to breast feeding, milk during night and sugar contain liquids ranked lowly. Practice of general physicians and pediatrics regarding to children oral health care was low noticeably. Conclusion: Overall grade of acknowledgment and attitude was highly favorable among 3 groups. This study showed that the correlation between medical and dental system is needed to evaluate the practice of providers and nation oral health status. 23 36 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 علی وفایی A Vafayi Iran Iran لیلا عرفان پرست L Erfan parast Iran Iran مهسا کریم اوغلی M Karim oghli Iran Iran علی زرندی A Zarandi Iran Iran knowledge attitude practice pediatricians children آگاهی نگرش عملکرد پزشکان عمومی متخصصین کودکان کودکان Barbosa TS, Gaviao MB. Oral health-related quality of life in children: part I. How well do children know themselves? A systematic review. International journal of dental hygiene. 2008 May;6(2):93-9. PubMed PMID: 18412720. Epub 2008/04/17. eng.##Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. McDonald and Avery dentistry for the child and adolescent: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010.##Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. Infant oral health education for pediatric and family practice residents. Pediatric dentistry. 2005;27(4):284-91.##Hashim Nainar S, Straffon L. Targeting of the year one dental visit for United States children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):258-63.##Rayner J. The first dental visit: a UK viewpoint. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):269-.##Widmer R. The first dental visit: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):270-.##Nammalwar RB, Rangeeth P. Knowledge and attitude of pediatricians and Family Physicians in Chennai on Pediatric Dentistry: A survey. Dental research journal. 2012;9(5):561.##Kumari NR, Sheela S, Sarada P. Knowledge and attitude on infant oral health among graduating medical students in Kerala. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2006;24(4):173.##Borrie FR, Bearn DR, Innes N, Iheozor‐Ejiofor Z. Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children. The Cochrane Library. 2015.##Prakash P, Lawrence HP, Harvey BJ, McIsaac WJ, Limeback H, Leake JL. Early childhood caries and infant oral health: Paediatricians' and family physicians' knowledge, practices and training. Paediatrics & child health. 2006;11(3):151.##Sabbagh H, El-Kateb M, Al Nowaiser A, Hanno A, Alamoudi N. Assessment of pediatricians dental knowledge, attitude and behavior in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2011;35(4):371-6.##Di Giuseppe G, Nobile CG, Marinelli A, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(1):176.##Kliegman RM. Nelson textbook of pediatrics: Saunders Elsevier; 2012.##Wan AKL, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. Oral Colonization of Streptococcus mutans in Six-month-old Predentate Infants. Journal of Dental Research. 2001 December 1, 2001;80(12):2060-5.##Swigonski NL, Yoder KM, Maupome G, Ofner S. Dental providers' attitudes regarding the application of fluoride varnish by pediatric health care providers.Journal of public health dentistry. 2009;69(4):242-7.##Gonsalves WC, Skelton J, Smith T, Hardison D, Ferretti G. Physicians' oral health education in Kentucky. Fam Med. 2004;36(8):544-6.##Sekhar V, P S, M AE, L S, N B, K R, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of school teachers towards oral health in pondicherry. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2014 Aug; 8(8):ZC12-5.PubMed PMID: 25302258.Pubmed Central PMCID:PMC4190784.Epub 2014/10/11. eng.##Edelstein BL. Disparities in oral health and access to care: findings of national surveys. Ambulatory pediatrics. 2002;2(2):141-7.##https://doi.org/10.1367/1539-4409(2002)0022.0.CO;2##Yousef YM. Medical professionals' oral health knowledge, attitudes & related practices performed for high caries-risk children. 2011.##dela Cruz GG, Rozier RG, Slade G. Dental screening and referral of young children by pediatric primary care providers. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):e642-e52.##Lewis CW, Boulter S, Keels MA, Krol DM, Mouradian WE, O'Connor KG, et al. Oral health and pediatricians: results of a national survey. Academic Pediatrics. 2009;9(6):457-61.##AlYousef Y, Damiano P, Weber‐Gasparoni K, Qian F, Murph J, Nothwehr F. Medical students' child oral-health-related knowledge, practices and attitudes. European Journal of Dental Education. 2013;17(4):218-24.##Barbosa TS, Gaviao MB. Oral health-related quality of life in children: part I. How well do children know themselves? A systematic review. International journal of dental hygiene. 2008 May;6(2):93-9. PubMed PMID: 18412720. Epub 2008/04/17. eng.##Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. McDonald and Avery dentistry for the child and adolescent: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010.##Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. Infant oral health education for pediatric and family practice residents. Pediatric dentistry. 2005;27(4):284-91.##Hashim Nainar S, Straffon L. Targeting of the year one dental visit for United States children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):258-63.##Rayner J. The first dental visit: a UK viewpoint. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):269-.##Widmer R. The first dental visit: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003;13(4):270-.##Nammalwar RB, Rangeeth P. Knowledge and attitude of pediatricians and Family Physicians in Chennai on Pediatric Dentistry: A survey. Dental research journal. 2012;9(5):561.##Kumari NR, Sheela S, Sarada P. Knowledge and attitude on infant oral health among graduating medical students in Kerala. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2006;24(4):173.##Borrie FR, Bearn DR, Innes N, Iheozor‐Ejiofor Z. Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children. The Cochrane Library. 2015.##Prakash P, Lawrence HP, Harvey BJ, McIsaac WJ, Limeback H, Leake JL. Early childhood caries and infant oral health: Paediatricians' and family physicians' knowledge, practices and training. Paediatrics & child health. 2006;11(3):151.##Sabbagh H, El-Kateb M, Al Nowaiser A, Hanno A, Alamoudi N. Assessment of pediatricians dental knowledge, attitude and behavior in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2011;35(4):371-6.##Di Giuseppe G, Nobile CG, Marinelli A, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(1):176.##Kliegman RM. Nelson textbook of pediatrics: Saunders Elsevier; 2012.##Wan AKL, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. Oral Colonization of Streptococcus mutans in Six-month-old Predentate Infants. Journal of Dental Research. 2001 December 1, 2001;80(12):2060-5.##Swigonski NL, Yoder KM, Maupome G, Ofner S. Dental providers' attitudes regarding the application of fluoride varnish by pediatric health care providers.Journal of public health dentistry. 2009;69(4):242-7.##Gonsalves WC, Skelton J, Smith T, Hardison D, Ferretti G. Physicians' oral health education in Kentucky. Fam Med. 2004;36(8):544-6.##Sekhar V, P S, M AE, L S, N B, K R, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of school teachers towards oral health in pondicherry. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2014 Aug; 8(8):ZC12-5.PubMed PMID: 25302258.Pubmed Central PMCID:PMC4190784.Epub 2014/10/11. eng.##Edelstein BL. Disparities in oral health and access to care: findings of national surveys. Ambulatory pediatrics. 2002;2(2):141-7.##https://doi.org/10.1367/1539-4409(2002)0022.0.CO;2##Yousef YM. Medical professionals' oral health knowledge, attitudes & related practices performed for high caries-risk children. 2011.##dela Cruz GG, Rozier RG, Slade G. Dental screening and referral of young children by pediatric primary care providers. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):e642-e52.##Lewis CW, Boulter S, Keels MA, Krol DM, Mouradian WE, O'Connor KG, et al. Oral health and pediatricians: results of a national survey. Academic Pediatrics. 2009;9(6):457-61.##AlYousef Y, Damiano P, Weber‐Gasparoni K, Qian F, Murph J, Nothwehr F. Medical students' child oral-health-related knowledge, practices and attitudes. European Journal of Dental Education. 2013;17(4):218-24.## ##

مقایسه الگو و شیوع پوسیدگی دندانی بین نوجوانان دیابتی و غیردیابتی Evaluation of dental caries prevalence between diabetic and non-diabetic adolescents 1 1 زمینه و هدف: دیابت یک بیماری متابولیک است که بواسطه خشکی دهان و افزایش قند بزاق می تواند اثرات مخربی در دهان و دندان داشته باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی میزان شیوع پوسیدگی های دندانی در نوجوانان دیابتی و تعیین ارتباط دیابت و پوسیدگی دندانی درنوجوانان دیابتی و غیر دیابتی در زنجان طی سال 1393 انجام شد.  روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی روی140  بیمار دیابتی  و 140 بیمار غیر دیابتی انجام گرفت. داده های مطالعه به کمک معاینه دندانپزشکی، مشاهده و پرسشنامه که شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک نوجوانان، وضعیت تحصیلی و میزان بهداشت دهان ایشان بود جمع آوری گردید. تعداد دندانهای پوسیده، باقی مانده ، از دست رفته و پر شده و ساختارهای پروتزی ثبت گردید. داده ها توسط آزمونهای آماری تی مستقل و مجذور کای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.  یافته ها: اختلاف معنی داری بین میانگین DMFT در گروه دیابتی و غیر دیابتی وجود داشت (p =.000).  بین میزان پوسیدگی و از دست رفتن دندانها ی نوجوانان دیابتی در مقایسه با غیر دیابتی ها تفاوت آماری معنی داری وجود دارد. اما تفاوت آماری معنی داری در میزان پر کردگی دندان در دو گروه وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: شیوع بالای پوسیدگی دندانی و از دست رفتن دندانی در نوجوانان دیابتی به نیاز بالای مردم منطقه برای ارزیابی مناسب سلامت و درمان ایشان اشاره دارد. در این راستا می باید افراد با تجربه جهت آموزش دادن به مردم در رابطه با بهداشت دهان و دندان، مشکلات دهانی مرتبط با بیماری دیابت و ارزیابی های پیشگیرانه تربیت گردند.  2 Introduction and aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disease which can have destructive effects on mouth and teeth due to dry mouth and high level of sugar in saliva. This research was performed to investigate the prevalence of dental carries in diabetics and to determine the relationship between diabetes and dental carries in diabetics and non-diabetics person in Zanjanian 2014. Methods: This cross–sectional study was conducted on 140 diabetic and 140 non diabetic adolescents. The data were collected using dental examination and oral observation and filling a questionnaire including the patients' demographic characteristics, educational level and oral hygiene status. The number of carious, remained teeth, missing of teeth and filled teeth was recorded. Data was analyzed with by T-Test and Chi- Square. Results: The results of this research revealed a significant increase in DMFT of diabetic group versus non-diabetic. There was significant different between caries and missing teeth of diabetic group and non-diabetic ones but no significant different between missing teeth of diabetic group and non-diabetic ones. Conclusion: The high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss in diabetic patients indicated the need to pay more attention to the people living in this region for appropriate health and treatment measures. Experienced health workers should trained to guide the people regarding to proper oral hygiene, awareness to oral complications of diabetes and preventive measures. 37 46 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 بهاره ناظمی سلمان B Nazemi salman Iran Iran سمیرا بصیر شبستری S Basir shabestary Iran Iran مهسا کلانتری M Kalantary Iran Iran Dental caries Diabetes DMFT Index پوسیدگی دندانی دیابت شاخص DMFT Lalla E, cheng B, Lal S, Kaplan S, Softness B, Greenberg E, et al. Diabetes–related parameters and periodontal conditions in children. J Periodont Res 2007; 42(8):345-349.##Akintoye SO, Collins MT, Ship JA. Burkets Oral Medicine. 11th ed. Canada: B.C Deeker Inc; 2008. P . 509-36.##Heidary SH, Shirazi F, Sanjari M, Salimi S, Baljani E. Evaluation of effective factors on the patients with type 2 diabetes to institute endocrine & metabolism of Iran University of Medical Science. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorder 2010; 9(4):365-75. (Persian)##Mehrabi Y, Sarbakhsh P, Hadaegh F, KHadem Maboodi A. Prospect of diabete with logical regression. Iranian Journal of Endocrine & Metabolism 2010; 12(1):16-24. (Persian)##Makinen KK. Sugar Alcohols, Caries incidence, and remineralization of caries lesions: a literature review. Int J Dent 2010; 5(2):23-47.##Burt BA, Pai SJ. Sugar consumption and caries risk: a systematic review. Dent Educ 2001; 65(3):1017-1023.##Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation new insight. J Dent Res 2006; 85(6):878-87.##Holloway PJ, Moore WJ. The role of sugar in the etiology of dental caries. J Dent 1983; 11:189-213.##Touger-Decker R, Van Loveren C. Sugars and dental caries. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 7(8):881-92.##Hardie JM. The microbiology of dental caries. Dent Update 1982; 9(3):199-208.##Bowden GH, Li YH. Nutritional influences on biofilm development . Adv Dent Res1997; 11:81-99.##Jurysta C, Bulur N, Oguzham B, Satman I, Yilmaz TM, Malaisse WJ,et al. Salivary glucose concentration and excretion in normal and diabetic subjects. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009;4(6): 430-6.##Forbate LN, Collins RE, Maskell GK, Sonksen PH. Glucose concentrations in parotid fluid and venous blood of patients attending a diabetic clinic. J Roy Soc Med 1981; 74:725-8.##Iughetti L, Marino R, Bertolani MF, Bernasconi S. Oral health in children and adolescents with ID. A review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999; 12:603-10.##Hernandez ML. The problemes of actual diabetes. J Am Dent Assos 2006; 7:1-3.##Taylor GW, Manz MC, Borgnakke WS. Diabetes, periodontal diseases, dental caries and tooth loss: A review of the literature. Compendium 2004; 25:179-88.##Twetman S, Johansson I, Birkhed D, Nederfors T. Caries incidence in young type 1 diabetes mellitus patients in relation to metabolic control and caries- associated risk factors. Caries Res 2002; 36:31-5.##Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assos 2003; 13(4):4-10.##Lin BP, Taylor GW, Allen DJ, Ship JA. Dental caries in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Spec Care Dent 1999; 19:8-14.##Tavares M, Depaola P, Soparkar P, Joshipura K. The prevalence of root caries in a diabetic population. J Dent Res 1991; 70(5):979-983.##Mirallos L, Silvestre FJ, Hernandez-Mijares A, Bautista D, Liambes F, Grou D. Dental caries in type 1 diabetics: influevce of systemic factors of the disease upon the development of dental caries. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006; 11: 256-60.##Ahmad M, Kokila G .Oral Health 2004. Facts and Figures. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at www.cdc.gov/nohss. accessed January 2004.##Patino-Marin N, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Medina Solis CE, Pontigo-Loyola AP,Reyes-Macias JF,Ortega-Rosado JC,Aradillas-Garcia C. Caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Acta Odontal Latinoam 2008; 21(2):127-33.##Bajaj S,Prasad S,Gupta A, Singh VB. Oral manifestation in type-2 diabetes and related complications. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16(5):777-9.##Kaue G,Holtfer B, Rathmann W, Schwahn C. Association between type 1 and 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss. J clin Periodontol 2009;36(9):765-74.##Mazhari F, Kamel V. Assessment of prevalence of dental caries in diabetic children registered at khorasan diabetes research center in 1381. Journal of Mashhad Dental School; 2004; 28(1-2);97-104.##Bharteesh J, Ahmad M, Kokila G. Diabetes and oral health: A case-control study. Inter J Prev Med 2012;3(11):806-9.##Falk H, Hugoson A, Thorstensson H. Number of teeth, prevalence of caries and periapical lesions in insulin-dependent diabetics. Scand J Dent Res 1989; 97: 198-206.##Albrecht M, Bánóczy J, Tamás G Jr. Dental and oral symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1988; 16: 378-80.##Albrecht M, Bánóczy J, Dinya E, Tamás G Jr. Caries status in diabetic patients. 1991; 84:267-274.##Moore PA, Weyant RJ, Mongelluzzo MB, Myers DE, Rossie K, Guggenhimer J, et al. Type diabetes mellitus and oral health: assessment of tooth loss and edentulism. J Public Health Dent 1998; 58:135-42.##Samimi P, A. Zoratipour A, Fathpour K. A Comparative Study on Dental Caries Prevalence in Diabetic Children in Isfahan in the Summer of 2000. J Res Med Sci 2004; 2: 97-98.##Moshaverinia M, Lavaee F, Moshaverinia S, Gholami F. The prevalence of dental caries in diabetic patients of Sheshdeh Qarebolaq. J Sadra med 2014; 2(1):11-20.##Zero D, Fontana M, Lennon AM. Clinical Applications and Outcomes of Using Indicators of Risk in Caries Management. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1126-32.##35) Mackinnon L.T, jenkins DG.,Decreased salivary immunoglobulins after intense interval exercise before and after training.Med.Sci.Sports Exerc(1993), Vol 25(6):678-683##Lalla E, cheng B, Lal S, Kaplan S, Softness B, Greenberg E, et al. Diabetes–related parameters and periodontal conditions in children. J Periodont Res 2007; 42(8):345-349.##Akintoye SO, Collins MT, Ship JA. Burkets Oral Medicine. 11th ed. Canada: B.C Deeker Inc; 2008. P . 509-36.##Heidary SH, Shirazi F, Sanjari M, Salimi S, Baljani E. Evaluation of effective factors on the patients with type 2 diabetes to institute endocrine & metabolism of Iran University of Medical Science. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorder 2010; 9(4):365-75. (Persian)##Mehrabi Y, Sarbakhsh P, Hadaegh F, KHadem Maboodi A. Prospect of diabete with logical regression. Iranian Journal of Endocrine & Metabolism 2010; 12(1):16-24. (Persian)##Makinen KK. Sugar Alcohols, Caries incidence, and remineralization of caries lesions: a literature review. Int J Dent 2010; 5(2):23-47.##Burt BA, Pai SJ. Sugar consumption and caries risk: a systematic review. Dent Educ 2001; 65(3):1017-1023.##Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation new insight. J Dent Res 2006; 85(6):878-87.##Holloway PJ, Moore WJ. The role of sugar in the etiology of dental caries. J Dent 1983; 11:189-213.##Touger-Decker R, Van Loveren C. Sugars and dental caries. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 7(8):881-92.##Hardie JM. The microbiology of dental caries. Dent Update 1982; 9(3):199-208.##Bowden GH, Li YH. Nutritional influences on biofilm development . Adv Dent Res1997; 11:81-99.##Jurysta C, Bulur N, Oguzham B, Satman I, Yilmaz TM, Malaisse WJ,et al. Salivary glucose concentration and excretion in normal and diabetic subjects. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009;4(6): 430-6.##Forbate LN, Collins RE, Maskell GK, Sonksen PH. Glucose concentrations in parotid fluid and venous blood of patients attending a diabetic clinic. J Roy Soc Med 1981; 74:725-8.##Iughetti L, Marino R, Bertolani MF, Bernasconi S. Oral health in children and adolescents with ID. A review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999; 12:603-10.##Hernandez ML. The problemes of actual diabetes. J Am Dent Assos 2006; 7:1-3.##Taylor GW, Manz MC, Borgnakke WS. Diabetes, periodontal diseases, dental caries and tooth loss: A review of the literature. Compendium 2004; 25:179-88.##Twetman S, Johansson I, Birkhed D, Nederfors T. Caries incidence in young type 1 diabetes mellitus patients in relation to metabolic control and caries- associated risk factors. Caries Res 2002; 36:31-5.##Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assos 2003; 13(4):4-10.##Lin BP, Taylor GW, Allen DJ, Ship JA. Dental caries in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Spec Care Dent 1999; 19:8-14.##Tavares M, Depaola P, Soparkar P, Joshipura K. The prevalence of root caries in a diabetic population. J Dent Res 1991; 70(5):979-983.##Mirallos L, Silvestre FJ, Hernandez-Mijares A, Bautista D, Liambes F, Grou D. Dental caries in type 1 diabetics: influevce of systemic factors of the disease upon the development of dental caries. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006; 11: 256-60.##Ahmad M, Kokila G .Oral Health 2004. Facts and Figures. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at www.cdc.gov/nohss. accessed January 2004.##Patino-Marin N, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Medina Solis CE, Pontigo-Loyola AP,Reyes-Macias JF,Ortega-Rosado JC,Aradillas-Garcia C. Caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Acta Odontal Latinoam 2008; 21(2):127-33.##Bajaj S,Prasad S,Gupta A, Singh VB. Oral manifestation in type-2 diabetes and related complications. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16(5):777-9.##Kaue G,Holtfer B, Rathmann W, Schwahn C. Association between type 1 and 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss. J clin Periodontol 2009;36(9):765-74.##Mazhari F, Kamel V. Assessment of prevalence of dental caries in diabetic children registered at khorasan diabetes research center in 1381. Journal of Mashhad Dental School; 2004; 28(1-2);97-104.##Bharteesh J, Ahmad M, Kokila G. Diabetes and oral health: A case-control study. Inter J Prev Med 2012;3(11):806-9.##Falk H, Hugoson A, Thorstensson H. Number of teeth, prevalence of caries and periapical lesions in insulin-dependent diabetics. Scand J Dent Res 1989; 97: 198-206.##Albrecht M, Bánóczy J, Tamás G Jr. Dental and oral symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1988; 16: 378-80.##Albrecht M, Bánóczy J, Dinya E, Tamás G Jr. Caries status in diabetic patients. 1991; 84:267-274.##Moore PA, Weyant RJ, Mongelluzzo MB, Myers DE, Rossie K, Guggenhimer J, et al. Type diabetes mellitus and oral health: assessment of tooth loss and edentulism. J Public Health Dent 1998; 58:135-42.##Samimi P, A. Zoratipour A, Fathpour K. A Comparative Study on Dental Caries Prevalence in Diabetic Children in Isfahan in the Summer of 2000. J Res Med Sci 2004; 2: 97-98.##Moshaverinia M, Lavaee F, Moshaverinia S, Gholami F. The prevalence of dental caries in diabetic patients of Sheshdeh Qarebolaq. J Sadra med 2014; 2(1):11-20.##Zero D, Fontana M, Lennon AM. Clinical Applications and Outcomes of Using Indicators of Risk in Caries Management. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1126-32.##35) Mackinnon L.T, jenkins DG.,Decreased salivary immunoglobulins after intense interval exercise before and after training.Med.Sci.Sports Exerc(1993), Vol 25(6):678-683## ##

مقایسه تاثیر خمیردندان های بس با Colgate بر میزان فلوراید بزاق در کودکان در زمان های مختلف Comparison of salivary fluoride levels following use of Bath and Colgate dentifrices in children. 1 1 سابقه و هدف: پوسیدگی دندانی شایع ترین بیماری مزمن دوران کودکی است. مهم ترین راه مقابله با پوسیدگی دندان، پیش گیری از آن است. هدف از این مطالعه  مقایسه تاثیر خمیردندان های بس و Colgate بر میزان فلوراید بزاق می باشد. مواد و روش ها: تحقیق به صورت cross-over روی12کودک 6 تا 12 ساله انجام شد . آزمایش شامل دو مرحله بود. در هر مرحله، کودکان به طور تصادفی با 5/0 گرم از خمیردندان آزمایشی (بس یا کلگیت) به مدت یک دقیقه مسواک زدند و سپس دهانشان را شستشو دادند. نمونه بزاق غیر تحریکی در زمان baseline و بعد از 15، 30، 60، 90 دقیقه جمع آوری شد.  دومین مرحلهدو روز بعد با مصرف خمیردندان بعدی انجام شد. میزان فلوراید موجود در بزاق توسط دستگاه یونومتر تعیین و داده ها با روش آماری Repeated Measure ANOVA و paired t-test مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: بعد از مصرف خمیردندان‌ها، میزان فلوراید بزاق از baseline تا دقیقه 15 افزایش و سپس تا دقیقه 60  به تدریج کاهش یافت. اختلاف میزان فلوراید بزاق بعد از مصرف خمیردندان بس بین زمان‌های مختلف (به جز دقیقه 90) از نظر آماری معنی دار بود (p < 0.05) که این نتایج در مورد خمیردندان Colgate نیز صادق بود. در دقیقه 15، 30 و 60 میزان فلوراید بزاق بعد از مصرف خمیردندان Colgate نسبت به بس بیشتر بود و اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت (p < 0.05). ولی در دقیقه 90 پس از مصرف خمیردندان‌ها این میزان به صفر رسید. نتیجه گیری:  تا دقیقه 60 خمیردندان Colgate نسبت به بس، در آزادسازی فلوراید به داخل بزاق بهتر عمل کرده است. 2 Purpose: Dental caries is a chronic disease in childhood. The most important way to fight tooth decay is to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Bath and Colgate dentifrices on salivary fluoride concentrations. Material and Method: In this cross-over clinical study, 12 children ages 6 to 12 years, were selected .the study was consisted of two steps. All subjects participated in both two tests. For each test the subject brushed with 0.5 gr. test dentifrice (Bath or Colgate) for one minute and then rinsed their mouth. Unstimulated saliva was taken in 5 min intervals in base line and after 15,30,60,90 minutes elapsed. Two days after taking first test, the second had been taken by using the second dentifrice. The content of fluoride was measured by means of an ion specific electrode and data were statistically analyzed by paired t-test, Repeated measure ANOVA. Results: After use of dentifrices, salivary fluoride increased between baseline to 15 minute and the decreased to 60 minute. Salivary fluoride concentration after use of Colgate dentifrice was statistically higher than the Bath dentifrice at 15, 30, 60 minute (p˂0.05). After use of dentifrices, the level of fluoride was zero (0.00) at 90 min. Conclusion: Colgate dentifrice was better than Bath dentifrice in releasing Fluoride in saliva to 60 minute. 47 54 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 علی رشیدیان A Rashidian Iran Iran محمد تاج الدین M Tajedin Iran Iran طاهره پورجمشید T Pourjamshid Iran Iran fluoride absorbed Colgate bath toothpaste saliva فلوراید جذب شده Colgate بس خمیردندان بزاق 1)McDonald R,Avery D.R: Dentistry for the child and adolescent. TenthEd.St.Louis Mosby.2016.chap7,9;120,137,155,176##2)Pinkham, J.R: Pediatric dentistry:infancy through adolescence. fifth Ed Philadelphia. W.B.Saunders Company.2013.chap14;200,212.##3)Mehrdad K :Tooth decay and prevention. Publications of medical sciences faculty of ShahidBeheshti University year 1371.##4)Mellberg J.R: Evaluation of topical fluoride preparation. J Dent Res 1990;69(Special issue):771-779.##5)Murray,J,Rugg-Gunn A,Jenkin G.N: Fluoride in caries prevention.Oxford Pub co 1996;chap3.##6)GoranKoch,sevenpulsen: Pediatric Dentistry: Munks guard; Copenhagen,first edition,200. 7)Fejerskovo,ThylstrupA,Larsen M.J,: Rational use of fluoride in caries prevention. A concept based on possible cariostaticmechanism.ActaodontalScand 1981;39:241-249.##8)Rashidian-A: Effect of daroogar and OralB dentifrices on salivary fluoride concentration at different times. thesis due to receive the specialized degree in the childrens, dentistry major the college of Islamic Azad University year 84-85.##9) Index of the national standards of Iran, 1375 and the index of the supplement of the national standards of Iran, Mordad 77.##10)Farzaneh-F:Evaluating the amount of fluoride Ion in the method of petansiometry in the domestic toothpaste containing fluoride compounds. thesis due to receive the specialized degree in the childrens, dentistry major the college of medical sciences faculty of ShahidBeheshtiUniversity year 76- 77.##11) Clarkson J, Mcloughlin, :Role of fluoride in oral health promotion.internationals Dental Journal 2000; 50: 119-128. 39##12) Duckworth R.m, Morgan S.N : oral fluoride retention after use of fluoride dentifrices. Caries Res 1991; 25: 123-129.##13) Zero D.T, Featherstone J.D.B :Studies of fluoride retention by oral soft tissue after the application of home-use topical fluoride. J Dent Res 1992; (71) 9: 1546-1552.##14) Lagerlof F,Olivebi A : Caries protection factors in saliva.Adv Dent Res 1994; 8(2): 229-238. 15) Sjogren K :Effect of water rinsing after tooth brushing on fluoride ingestion and absorbtion. Caries Res 1994; 28(6): 655-659.##16) Yoshino T: Effect of post brushing mouthrinse solutions on salivary fluoride retention.Swed dent J.2011; 35 (1) 17-24.##17) Issa, A,L: Oral fluoride retention in saliva following toothbrushing with child and adult dentifrices with and without water rinsing . caries research 2009; 38: 15-19.##18) Skold Um : Effect of post brushing mouthwash solutions on salivary fluoride retention-study 1.J Clin Dent. 2012;23(3):97-100##19) Den BestenP,Heesooko : fluoride levels in whole saliva of preschool children after brushing with 0/25g as compared to 1g of a fluoride dentifrice. pediatric dentistry 1996; 18(4): 277-280. 20) Sjogren K, Birkhed D : Effect of various post-brushing activity on salivary fluoride concentration after tooth brushing with sodium fluoride dentifrice. Caries Res 1994; 28: 127-131.##21) Campus G,lallai M.R, Carboni R : fluoride Concentration in saliva after use of oral hygines product. Caries Res 2003 ;37: 66-70.##22) Zero D.T, FUJ,EspelandMA,Featherstone J.D.B : Comparison of fluoride concentration in unstimulated whole saliva following the use of a fluoride dentifrice and fluoride rinse. J Dent Res 1988; 67: 1257-2162.##23) ItthagrunA, Wei S.H.Y : The effect of different commercial dentifrices on enamel lesion progression. an invitro PH cycling Study. International Dental Journal 2000; 50: 21-28. 40##24) LogerlofF, oliveby A, : physiological factors influencing salivary clearance of sugar and fluoride. J Dent Res 1987;66(2): 403-436.##25) Woge G.L : Fluoride in plaque fluid, Plaque, and saliva measured. caries Res 2000;34: 404-411.##26) Pakdel A : Examining the fluoride Ion in gels, mouthwash and Iranian fluoride-containing pills and their foreign similar ones in the year 1378. specialized thesis No, 277 dentistry college ShahidBeheshti University.##1)McDonald R,Avery D.R: Dentistry for the child and adolescent. TenthEd.St.Louis Mosby.2016.chap7,9;120,137,155,176##2)Pinkham, J.R: Pediatric dentistry:infancy through adolescence. fifth Ed Philadelphia. W.B.Saunders Company.2013.chap14;200,212.##3)Mehrdad K :Tooth decay and prevention. Publications of medical sciences faculty of ShahidBeheshti University year 1371.##4)Mellberg J.R: Evaluation of topical fluoride preparation. J Dent Res 1990;69(Special issue):771-779.##5)Murray,J,Rugg-Gunn A,Jenkin G.N: Fluoride in caries prevention.Oxford Pub co 1996;chap3.##6)GoranKoch,sevenpulsen: Pediatric Dentistry: Munks guard; Copenhagen,first edition,200. 7)Fejerskovo,ThylstrupA,Larsen M.J,: Rational use of fluoride in caries prevention. A concept based on possible cariostaticmechanism.ActaodontalScand 1981;39:241-249.##8)Rashidian-A: Effect of daroogar and OralB dentifrices on salivary fluoride concentration at different times. thesis due to receive the specialized degree in the childrens, dentistry major the college of Islamic Azad University year 84-85.##9) Index of the national standards of Iran, 1375 and the index of the supplement of the national standards of Iran, Mordad 77.##10)Farzaneh-F:Evaluating the amount of fluoride Ion in the method of petansiometry in the domestic toothpaste containing fluoride compounds. thesis due to receive the specialized degree in the childrens, dentistry major the college of medical sciences faculty of ShahidBeheshtiUniversity year 76- 77.##11) Clarkson J, Mcloughlin, :Role of fluoride in oral health promotion.internationals Dental Journal 2000; 50: 119-128. 39##12) Duckworth R.m, Morgan S.N : oral fluoride retention after use of fluoride dentifrices. Caries Res 1991; 25: 123-129.##13) Zero D.T, Featherstone J.D.B :Studies of fluoride retention by oral soft tissue after the application of home-use topical fluoride. J Dent Res 1992; (71) 9: 1546-1552.##14) Lagerlof F,Olivebi A : Caries protection factors in saliva.Adv Dent Res 1994; 8(2): 229-238. 15) Sjogren K :Effect of water rinsing after tooth brushing on fluoride ingestion and absorbtion. Caries Res 1994; 28(6): 655-659.##16) Yoshino T: Effect of post brushing mouthrinse solutions on salivary fluoride retention.Swed dent J.2011; 35 (1) 17-24.##17) Issa, A,L: Oral fluoride retention in saliva following toothbrushing with child and adult dentifrices with and without water rinsing . caries research 2009; 38: 15-19.##18) Skold Um : Effect of post brushing mouthwash solutions on salivary fluoride retention-study 1.J Clin Dent. 2012;23(3):97-100##19) Den BestenP,Heesooko : fluoride levels in whole saliva of preschool children after brushing with 0/25g as compared to 1g of a fluoride dentifrice. pediatric dentistry 1996; 18(4): 277-280. 20) Sjogren K, Birkhed D : Effect of various post-brushing activity on salivary fluoride concentration after tooth brushing with sodium fluoride dentifrice. Caries Res 1994; 28: 127-131.##21) Campus G,lallai M.R, Carboni R : fluoride Concentration in saliva after use of oral hygines product. Caries Res 2003 ;37: 66-70.##22) Zero D.T, FUJ,EspelandMA,Featherstone J.D.B : Comparison of fluoride concentration in unstimulated whole saliva following the use of a fluoride dentifrice and fluoride rinse. J Dent Res 1988; 67: 1257-2162.##23) ItthagrunA, Wei S.H.Y : The effect of different commercial dentifrices on enamel lesion progression. an invitro PH cycling Study. International Dental Journal 2000; 50: 21-28. 40##24) LogerlofF, oliveby A, : physiological factors influencing salivary clearance of sugar and fluoride. J Dent Res 1987;66(2): 403-436.##25) Woge G.L : Fluoride in plaque fluid, Plaque, and saliva measured. caries Res 2000;34: 404-411.##26) Pakdel A : Examining the fluoride Ion in gels, mouthwash and Iranian fluoride-containing pills and their foreign similar ones in the year 1378. specialized thesis No, 277 dentistry college ShahidBeheshti University.## ##

عملکرد دندانپزشکان عمومی در خصوص خدمات پیشگیری از پوسیدگی General Dentists’ Practices on Dental Caries Prevention Services 1 1 زمینه و هدف: الگوی کنترل و چگونگی برخورد با پوسیدگی­های دندان از تمرکز بر روی درمان، بیشتر به سمت برخوردهای پیشگیرانه متمایل شده است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین عملکرد دندانپزشکان عمومی درباره‌ی خدمات دندانپزشکی پیشگیری انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: در یک تحقیق مقطعی توصیفی-تحلیلی، یک پرسشنامه‌ی اختصاصی درباره‌ی جنبه‌های مختلف دندانپزشکی پیشگیری طراحی و 290 دندانپزشک عمومی شرکت کننده در کنگره‌ی دندانپزشکان عمومی ایران در سال 1393، پرسشنامه‌های خوداظهار تحقیق را تحویل گرفته و چگونگی عملکرد خویش را درباره‌ی خدمات دندانپزشکی پیشگیری ثبت کردند. داده‌ها به صورت توصیفی، و تحلیلی با استفاده از رگرسیون لینیر جمع‌بندی و گزارش گردید. یافته‌ها: از میان 290 دندانپزشک شرکت کننده، 19 نفر آموزش بهداشت را اصلاً ارائه نداده، 133 نفر (3/46%) کمتر از 5 دقیقه و 101 نفر (2/35%) هم 10-5 دقیقه اقدام به این کار می‌کردند. مسواک (265 نفر، 4/91%) و نخ دندان (271 نفر، 4/93%) بیشترین موضوع آموزش ارائه شده توسط دندانپزشکان بوده است. بیش از 72% از دندانپزشکان فلورایدتراپی را برای کودکان حتما و یا گاهی انجام می­دادند. حدود یک-پنجم دندانپزشکان کودکان را پذیرش نمی­کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: براین اساس، عملکرد دندانپزشکان عمومی درباره‌ی خدمات دندانپزشکی پیشگیری مناسب بوده است. اما گویا اینگونه جا افتاده است که آموزش را باید برای کودکان انجام داد و می­بینیم که دندانپزشکانی که کودکان را برای درمان پذیرش می­کردند نسبت به ارائه آموزش بهداشت، بیشتر اقدام می­کردند. لذا موضوع آموزش بهداشت، و تاکید بر ارائه آن، باید در اولویت اول تمامی برنامه های آموزش مداوم قرار گیرد. 2 Background and Aims: The control patterns and policies of dental caries have been changed from treatment to preventive services. The purpose of this study was to determine practice of general dentists on preventive dental services in Tehran Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive-analytic study was designed and a self assessment questionnaire was developed on different aspects of preventive dentistry. It was given to general dentists participated in General Dental Practitioners Congress in Tehran and 290 of them filled and gave it back. Data was analyzed by SPSS software by linear regression. Results: Findings showed 19 dentists did not provide any health education to their patients while 133 (46.3%) presented it less than 5 minutes and 101 samples gave it 5 to 10 m. The most used subjects of health instructions were flossing (n=271, 93.4%), and tooth brushing (n=265, 91.4%). More than 72% of samples have done fluoride therapy always or occasionally for children. Almost one-fifth of them did not accept children for treatment. The dentists accepted kids presented more health instructions. Conclusion: According to this study, the practice and attitudes of the participated general dentists regarding preventive dentistry services were appropriate, but it is established that training can be done for children. It showed that dentists, who accepted children for treatment, provide health education more than others. Therefore the issue of health education, and emphasizing its presentation, should be the first priority of all continuing education programs. 55 64 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 احمد جعفری A Jafari Iran Iran حدیث صفایی H Safayi Iran Iran سید جلال پور هاشمی J Pour Hamisi Iran Iran General dentists preventive dentistry practice health education fluoride therapy. دندانپزشکان عمومی دندانپزشکی پیشگیری عملکرد آموزش بهداشت فلورایدتراپی Ismail AI, Hasson H, Sohn W. Dental caries in the second millennium. J Dent Educ 2001: 65: 953–959.##National Institute of Health. Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement, March 26–28, 2001. J Dent Educ 2001: 65: 1162–1168.##Johng-bai K. What do the public and profession know about dental caries prevention in Korea? Int Dent J 1998: 48: 399–404.##Arch LM. The views and expectations regarding dental care of the parents of children with special needs: needs survey in the country of cheshire, England" Int.J.Paediatr.Dent.1994##Addy M., Tooth brushing, tooth wear and dentine hypersensitivity- are they associated? International Dental Journal (2005); 55: 261-67.##Dean JA. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 Aug 10. chap.11##Holt RD, Murray JJ. Developments in fluoride toothpastes. An overview. Community Dent Health 1997;14:4-10.##The National Board of Health and Welfare. Sociakstyrelsens allmanna rad om anvandning av fluorider for odontologisk bruk (SOSFS 1991:4). In: Sundberg H, editor. Tandvardens forfattningssamling. Handbok for tandvardspersonal. Stockholm: Doragshuset Gothia; 1994.189-92##Moon H, Paik D, Horowitz AM, Kim J. National survey of Korean dentists' knowledge and opinions: dental caries etiology and prevention. J Public Health Dent 1998;58(1):51-56##Lewis DW, Main PA. Ontario dentists' knowledge and beliefs about selected aspects of diagnosis, prevention and restorative dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc 1996;62:337-344##American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on fluoride therapy. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep-Oct;35(5):E165-8.##Mejàre I, Lingström P, Petersson LG, Holm AK, Twetman S, Källestål C, Nordenram G, Lagerlöf F, Söder B, Norlund A, Axelsson S. Caries‐preventive effect of fissure sealants: a systematic review. ActaOdontologicaScandinavica. 2003 Jan 1;61(6):321-30.##MJÖR IA. Glass ionomer and resin‐based fissure sealants: a clinical study. European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1990 Aug 1;98(4):345-50.##Yorty J, Brown B. Caries risk assessment/treatment pro-grams in U.S. dental schools. J Dent Educ 1999:63:745–7.##Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ. Systematic reviews of selected dental caries diagnostic and management methods. Journal of Dental Education. 2001 Oct 1;65(10):960-8.##Anusavice K. Treatment regimens in restorative and pre-ventive dentistry. 1995;126:727–43.##Holloway PJ, Ashton MA, Wainwright-Stringer Y, Worthington HV. Preventive technologies in dental practice in the UK. Int Dent J 1997: 47: 271–274.##Holloway PJ, Clarkson JE. Cost: benefit of prevention in practice. Int Dent J 1994: 44: 317–322.##Helminen SE, Vehkalahti M, Murtomaa H. Dentists' perception of their treatment practices versus documented evidence. Int Dent J 2002: 52: 71–74.##Moon H, Paik D, Horowitz AM, Kim J. National survey of Korean dentists' knowledge and opinions: dental caries etiology and prevention. J Public Health Dent 1998: 58: 51–56.##Tseveenjav B, Vehkalahti M, Murtomaa H. Preventive practice of Mongolian dental students. Eur J Dent Educ 2002: 6: 74–78.##Borhan‐Mojabi K, Moradi A, Yazdabadi A. Evaluating the degree of knowledge on oral cancer among general practitioners and dentists in Qazvin. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2012 Apr 1;18(2):498-501.##Yusuf H, Tsakos G, Ntouva A, Murphy M, Porter J, Newton T, Watt RG. Differences by age and sex in general dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in delivering prevention. British dental journal. 2015 Sep 25;219(6):E7-.##Vehkalahti MM, Widström E. Teaching received in caries prevention and perceived need for Best Practice Guidelines among recent graduates in Finland. European Journal of Dental Education. 2004 Feb 1;8(1):7-11.##Widstrom E, Vehkalahti M, eds. A Nordic Meeting on the Prevention of Dental Disease, Helsinki: Stencils of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, 2002:5.##Abdul Razak I, Lind OP. Patient education and preventive care in Malaysian dental practice.J Clin Pediatr Dent 1994 Summer;18(4):313-322.##Konig KG, Berendesen CM, van der Weijden GA. Oral hygiene: effective and safe. Ned Tijdscher Tandheelkd 1994;101:167-170.##Kegeles SS. Some motives for seeking preventive dental care. J Am Dent Assoc 1963;67:110-118.##Togoo RA, Al-Rafee MA, Kandyala R, Luqam M, Al-Bulowey MA. Dentists' opinion and knowledge about preventive dental care in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):261-265.##American Academy of Pediatrics-Section on Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health. Police Statement. Preventive oral health intervention for pediatricians. Pediatrics 2008;122:1387-1394.##Nthenya MC. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards preventive dentistry among dentists in Nairobi. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) of the University of Nairobi. 2010##Ghasemi H, Murtoma H, Torabzadeh H, Vehkalahti M. Knowledge of and attitudes towards preventive dental care among Iranian dentists. Eur J Dent 2007;1:222-229##Khami MR, Virtanen JI, Jafarian M, Murtomaa H. Prevention‐oriented practice of Iranian senior dental students. European Journal of Dental Education. 2007 Feb 1;11(1):48-53.##Garg S, Rubin T, Jasek J, Weinstein J, Helburn L, Kaye K. How willing are dentists to treat young children?: a survey of dentists affiliated with Medicaid managed care in New York City, 2010. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2013 Apr 30;144(4):416-25.##Cotton KT1, Seale NS, Kanellis MJ, Damiano PC, Bidaut-Russell M, McWhorter AG, Are general dentists' practice patterns and attitudes about treating Medicaid-enrolled preschool age children related to dental school training? Pediatr Dent. 2001 Jan-Feb;23(1):51-5##Ismail AI, Hasson H, Sohn W. Dental caries in the second millennium. J Dent Educ 2001: 65: 953–959.##National Institute of Health. Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement, March 26–28, 2001. J Dent Educ 2001: 65: 1162–1168.##Johng-bai K. What do the public and profession know about dental caries prevention in Korea? Int Dent J 1998: 48: 399–404.##Arch LM. The views and expectations regarding dental care of the parents of children with special needs: needs survey in the country of cheshire, England" Int.J.Paediatr.Dent.1994##Addy M., Tooth brushing, tooth wear and dentine hypersensitivity- are they associated? International Dental Journal (2005); 55: 261-67.##Dean JA. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 Aug 10. chap.11##Holt RD, Murray JJ. Developments in fluoride toothpastes. An overview. Community Dent Health 1997;14:4-10.##The National Board of Health and Welfare. Sociakstyrelsens allmanna rad om anvandning av fluorider for odontologisk bruk (SOSFS 1991:4). In: Sundberg H, editor. Tandvardens forfattningssamling. Handbok for tandvardspersonal. Stockholm: Doragshuset Gothia; 1994.189-92##Moon H, Paik D, Horowitz AM, Kim J. National survey of Korean dentists' knowledge and opinions: dental caries etiology and prevention. J Public Health Dent 1998;58(1):51-56##Lewis DW, Main PA. Ontario dentists' knowledge and beliefs about selected aspects of diagnosis, prevention and restorative dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc 1996;62:337-344##American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on fluoride therapy. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep-Oct;35(5):E165-8.##Mejàre I, Lingström P, Petersson LG, Holm AK, Twetman S, Källestål C, Nordenram G, Lagerlöf F, Söder B, Norlund A, Axelsson S. Caries‐preventive effect of fissure sealants: a systematic review. 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اثر دهانشویه های بنزیدآمین و کلرهگزیدین بر التهاب لثه The effect of chlorhexidine and benzydamine on gingivitis 1 1 چکیده سابقه و هدف :التهاب لثه شایعترین فرم بیماری لثه میباشد که با تحریک عوامل موضعی نظیر پلاک باکتریال چسبیده به دندانها ایجاد شده و به خوبی به درمان هایی نظیر کنترل مکانیکی و شیمیایی جواب میدهد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی و مقایسه اثر دهانشویه بنزیدآمین 15/0% و دهانشویه کلرهگزیدین 0.2% بر روی ژنژیویت به مدت یک هفته بود. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه کلینیکی بر روی 32 بیمار مبتلا به التهاب لثه انجام شد. در ابتدا بیماران انتخاب شده به طور دقیق معاینه شده شاخص لثه ای ثبت گردید در صورت وجود جرم با قلم و دستگاه اوالتراسونیک جرم ها حذف شده و بروساژ گردید سپس افراد مورد مطالعه در دو گروه مورد و شاهد قرار گرفته، دهانشویه ها به صورت دوسوکور انتخاب و به مدت یک هفته همراه با کنترل مکانیکی بهداشت دهان تجویز و در پایان هفته مجددا شاخص لثه ای ثبت گردید. یافته ها :با استفاده از آزمون آماری، شاخص لثه ای در دو گروه کاهش معنی داری یافته بود. مقایسه میانگین کاهش شاخص لثه ای در دو دهانشویه، دیده شد که در گروه بنزیدآمین 0.3 و در گروه کلرهگزیدین 0.42 واحد بود که این کاهش پس از درمان نسبت به مقادیر قبل از درمان اختلاف معنی دار پیدا کرد. (P<0.05) نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد دهانشویه بنزیدآمین در کاهش التهاب لثه به میزان کمتری از کلرهگزیدین موثر میباشد 2 Background and purpose: Gingivitis is the most common type of periodontal diseases, established by local factors such as bacterial plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of benzydamine (BZD) and chlorhexidine (CHL) mouth rinses on the gingivitis after a week. Methods: This clinical trial performed on 32 patients with gingivitis. Patients were divided into case and control groups. Both groups were trained on oral health education. Participants inspected observed adequately, and then gingival index was recorded. If any calculus observed they would be omitted blindly for a week with mechanical and ultrasonic devices. Oral hygiene was prescribed after test observation the mouth after a week and gingival index was recorded again. Results: Based on statistical analysis the gingival index significantly reduced in both groups after one week rinsing (p<0.05). Gingival index reduction level showed 0.3 mean score in groups BZD and 0.42 in CHL group. The post treatment gingival index had no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: The study has proved that BZD was effective in reducing gingivitis less than CHL. The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.   65 72 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 2016/11/72016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/82016/11/8 1395/8/18 غلامعلی نجفی پاریزی GholamAli Najafi parizi Iran ایران احمد توکلی A Tavakoli Iran ایران سمیه خرمیان S Khoramiyan Iran ایران chlorhexidine benzydamine mouth wash gingivitis. : کلرهگزیدین بنزیدآمین دهانشویه ژنژیویت 1- Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's clinical periodontology. Elsevier health sciences; 2011 Feb 14.##2- Jan Lindhe, Niklaus P, Lang Thorkild Karring. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. Fifth Edition. Blackwell Publishing. 2008, Singapore. Chapters: 16-17##3- Teughels W, Newman MG, Coucke W, Haffajee AD, Van Der Mei HC, Haake SK, Schepers E, Cassiman JJ, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Guiding periodontal pocket recolonization: a proof of concept. Journal of dental research. 2007 Nov 1;86(11):1078-82.##4- Yang MC, Marks RG, Clark WB, Magnusson I. Predictive power of various models for longitudinal attachment level change. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1992 Feb 1;19(2):77-83.##5- Baehni PC, Takeuchi Y. Anti‐plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm‐associated oral diseases. Oral diseases. 2003 Jun 1;9(s1):23-9.##6- Sekino S, Ramberg P. The effect of a mouth rinse containing phenolic compounds on plaque formation and developing gingivitis. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Oct 1;32(10):1083-8.##7- Hasturk H, Nunn M, Warbington M, Dyke TE. Efficacy of a fluoridated hydrogen peroxide-based mouthrinse for the treatment of gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. 2004 Jan 1;75(1):57-65.##8- Russell AD, Day MJ. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine. Journal of Hospital Infection. 1993 Dec 1;25(4):229-38.##9- Nashwan AJ. Use of chlorhexidine mouthwash in children receiving chemotherapy: a review of literature. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2011 Sep;28(5):295-9.##10- Filicko, J., Lazarus, H. M., & Flomenberg, N. (2003). Mucosal injury in patients undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: New approaches to prophylaxis and treatment. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 31, 1-10.##11- Costa EM, Fernandes MZ, Quinderé LB, Souza LB, Pinto LP. Evaluation of an oral preventive protocol in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pesquisa Odontologica Brasileira. 2003 Jun;17(2):147-50.##12- Quirynen M, Soers C, Desnyder M, Dekeyser C, Pauwels M, Van Steenberghe D. A 0.05% cetyl pyridinium chloride/0.05% chlorhexidine mouth rinse during maintenance phase after initial periodontal therapy. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Apr 1;32(4):390-400.##13- Quirynen, M., Avontroodt, P., Peeters, W., Pauwels, M., Coucke, W. & Van Steenberghe, D. (2001) Effect of different chlorhexidine formulations in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 28, 1127–1136.##14- Pizzo, G., Guiglia, R., Imburgia, M., Pizzo, I., D'Angelo, M. & Giuliana, G. (2006) The effects of antimicrobial sprays and mouthrinses on supragingival plaque regrowth: a comparative study. Journal of Periodontology 77, 248–256.##15- Franco Neto CA, Parolo CC, Rösing CK, Maltz M. Comparative analysis of the effect of two chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding. Brazilian oral research. 2008 Jun;22(2):139-44.##16- Turnbull, R. S. (1995) Benzydamine hydrochloride (tantum) in the management of oral inflammatory conditions. Journal of Canadian Dental Association 61, 127–134.##17- Herrera D, Santos S, Ferrús J, Barbieri G, Trombelli L, Sanz M. Efficacy of a 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse on 4‐day de novo plaque formation. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Jun 1;32(6):595-603.##16- Edres, M. A., Scully, C. & Gelbier, M. (1997) Use of proprietary agents to relieve recurrent aphthous stomatitis. British Dental Journal 182, 144–146.##18- Bentley CD, Disney JA. A comparison of partial and full mouth scoring of plaque and gingivitis in oral hygiene studies. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1995 Feb 1;22(2):131-5.##19- Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. Journal of periodontology. 1967 Nov;38(6):610-6.##20- Fallahzadeh H, Moeintaghavi A, Foruzanmehr M. Clinical comparison of Persica and Chlorhexidine mouthrinses using meta – analysis technique. The Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran (JIDA) . 2006; 18 (1) :62-72##21- Epstein JB1, Silverman S Jr, Paggiarino DA, Crockett S, Schubert MM, Senzer NN, Lockhart PB, Gallagher MJ, Peterson DE, Leveque FG. Benzydamine HCl for prophylaxis of radiation-induced oral mucositis: results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cancer. 2001 Aug 15;92(4):875-85.##22- Samaranayake LP1, Robertson AG, MacFarlane TW, Hunter IP, MacFarlane G, Soutar DS, Ferguson MM. The effect of chlorhexidine and benzydamine mouthwashes on mucositis induced by therapeutic irradiation. Clin Radiol. 1988 May;39(3):291-4.##23- Prada A, Chiesa F. Effects of benzydamine on the oral mucositis during antineoplastic radiotherapy and/or intra-arterial chemotherapy. Int J Tissue React. 1987;9(2):115-9.##24- Lucas GQ, Lucas ON. Preventive action of short-term and long-term chlorhexidine rinses. Acta odontologica latinoamericana: AOL. 1999;12(1):45-58.##25- Charles CH, Mostler KM, Bartels LL, Mankodi SM. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6‐month clinical trial. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2004 Oct 1;31(10):878-84.## 1- Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's clinical periodontology. Elsevier health sciences; 2011 Feb 14.##2- Jan Lindhe, Niklaus P, Lang Thorkild Karring. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. Fifth Edition. Blackwell Publishing. 2008, Singapore. Chapters: 16-17##3- Teughels W, Newman MG, Coucke W, Haffajee AD, Van Der Mei HC, Haake SK, Schepers E, Cassiman JJ, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Guiding periodontal pocket recolonization: a proof of concept. Journal of dental research. 2007 Nov 1;86(11):1078-82.##4- Yang MC, Marks RG, Clark WB, Magnusson I. Predictive power of various models for longitudinal attachment level change. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1992 Feb 1;19(2):77-83.##5- Baehni PC, Takeuchi Y. Anti‐plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm‐associated oral diseases. Oral diseases. 2003 Jun 1;9(s1):23-9.##6- Sekino S, Ramberg P. The effect of a mouth rinse containing phenolic compounds on plaque formation and developing gingivitis. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Oct 1;32(10):1083-8.##7- Hasturk H, Nunn M, Warbington M, Dyke TE. Efficacy of a fluoridated hydrogen peroxide-based mouthrinse for the treatment of gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. 2004 Jan 1;75(1):57-65.##8- Russell AD, Day MJ. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine. Journal of Hospital Infection. 1993 Dec 1;25(4):229-38.##9- Nashwan AJ. Use of chlorhexidine mouthwash in children receiving chemotherapy: a review of literature. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2011 Sep;28(5):295-9.##10- Filicko, J., Lazarus, H. M., & Flomenberg, N. (2003). Mucosal injury in patients undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: New approaches to prophylaxis and treatment. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 31, 1-10.##11- Costa EM, Fernandes MZ, Quinderé LB, Souza LB, Pinto LP. Evaluation of an oral preventive protocol in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pesquisa Odontologica Brasileira. 2003 Jun;17(2):147-50.##12- Quirynen M, Soers C, Desnyder M, Dekeyser C, Pauwels M, Van Steenberghe D. A 0.05% cetyl pyridinium chloride/0.05% chlorhexidine mouth rinse during maintenance phase after initial periodontal therapy. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Apr 1;32(4):390-400.##13- Quirynen, M., Avontroodt, P., Peeters, W., Pauwels, M., Coucke, W. & Van Steenberghe, D. (2001) Effect of different chlorhexidine formulations in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 28, 1127–1136.##14- Pizzo, G., Guiglia, R., Imburgia, M., Pizzo, I., D'Angelo, M. & Giuliana, G. (2006) The effects of antimicrobial sprays and mouthrinses on supragingival plaque regrowth: a comparative study. Journal of Periodontology 77, 248–256.##15- Franco Neto CA, Parolo CC, Rösing CK, Maltz M. Comparative analysis of the effect of two chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding. Brazilian oral research. 2008 Jun;22(2):139-44.##16- Turnbull, R. S. (1995) Benzydamine hydrochloride (tantum) in the management of oral inflammatory conditions. Journal of Canadian Dental Association 61, 127–134.##17- Herrera D, Santos S, Ferrús J, Barbieri G, Trombelli L, Sanz M. Efficacy of a 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse on 4‐day de novo plaque formation. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005 Jun 1;32(6):595-603.##16- Edres, M. A., Scully, C. & Gelbier, M. (1997) Use of proprietary agents to relieve recurrent aphthous stomatitis. British Dental Journal 182, 144–146.##18- Bentley CD, Disney JA. A comparison of partial and full mouth scoring of plaque and gingivitis in oral hygiene studies. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1995 Feb 1;22(2):131-5.##19- Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. Journal of periodontology. 1967 Nov;38(6):610-6.##20- Fallahzadeh H, Moeintaghavi A, Foruzanmehr M. Clinical comparison of Persica and Chlorhexidine mouthrinses using meta – analysis technique. The Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran (JIDA) . 2006; 18 (1) :62-72##21- Epstein JB1, Silverman S Jr, Paggiarino DA, Crockett S, Schubert MM, Senzer NN, Lockhart PB, Gallagher MJ, Peterson DE, Leveque FG. Benzydamine HCl for prophylaxis of radiation-induced oral mucositis: results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cancer. 2001 Aug 15;92(4):875-85.##22- Samaranayake LP1, Robertson AG, MacFarlane TW, Hunter IP, MacFarlane G, Soutar DS, Ferguson MM. The effect of chlorhexidine and benzydamine mouthwashes on mucositis induced by therapeutic irradiation. Clin Radiol. 1988 May;39(3):291-4.##23- Prada A, Chiesa F. Effects of benzydamine on the oral mucositis during antineoplastic radiotherapy and/or intra-arterial chemotherapy. Int J Tissue React. 1987;9(2):115-9.##24- Lucas GQ, Lucas ON. Preventive action of short-term and long-term chlorhexidine rinses. Acta odontologica latinoamericana: AOL. 1999;12(1):45-58.##25- Charles CH, Mostler KM, Bartels LL, Mankodi SM. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6‐month clinical trial. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2004 Oct 1;31(10):878-84.## ##