Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 DMFT and SiC Indices in 15-years-old female students in the city of Rasht, Iran 1 10 FA K Salem Iran N S Shamkhani Iran N S Aghayi Iran N E Ebrahimzadeh Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.1 Background:DMFT index is the most common caries detecting index worldwide. The aim of present study was to determine DMFT as well as the prevalence of highest caries rate or Significant Caries Index (SiC), among 15 years of age female students in the city of Rasht, Iran. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 228 female students were selected using stratified multi-stage sampling method. Demographic status was assessed by questionnaire. Clinical examinations were conducted by a trained senior dental student. DMFT index was  firstly determined by WHO criteria. At the next stage, SiC index was extracted by calculating DMFT among one third of study population who had the highest rate of DMFT. Analyzed by SPSS 21. Spearman correlation, Kruskal Wallis و Chi-square T-test,Data were used for data analysis. Results:The mean DMFT was 3.29±2.7, and SiC index was 6.19±0.76. Spearman correlation determined that there was a positive direct correlation between DMFT and the number of children within the family (P<0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between DMFT and daily tooth brushing(P<0.0001). Conclusion:The mean DMFT index among 15 years-old females was similar to mean national scores. The number of siblings and tooth brushing were correlated with DMFT score in the study population.   DMFT index, 15 years of age, Dental caries, SiC index http://jiapd.ir/article-1-216-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Midwives’knowledge and practice about oral health in pregnant women,infants and children in Kerman 11 20 FA M Karimiafshar Iran N S Hajizadeh Iran N M Torabi Iran Y Sh Taheri Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.11 Background:Maintaining oral health during pregnancy is considered as one of the most important public health issues for mother and children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of midwives about oral health in pregnant women,infants and children in Kerman. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 118 midwives in Kerman who were selected by census method. Data collection method was a questionnaire consist of 12  and 14 questions about oral health knowledge and practice,  demographic information,which its validity and reliability were confirmed  previously. Data analyzed by SPSS 21 software and using statistical T test, ANOVA and linear regression. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results:In this study, the average age and years of graduation were 38.52±8.84 and 14.60±8.83,respectively. The average years of  service was 15.68±9.36. The mean score of knowledge and practice were8.65±2.46 and 6.97±1.37 respectively. (59.3%)  of participants had moderate knowledge and (63.6%) had favorable practice. There was a direct and significant relationship between the practice of individuals and participation in oral hygiene courses with years of service and information source. participants who were older, had lower awareness. Midwives who worked in the clinic and who had more years of service, had significantly more knowledge. Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the practice of individuals about oral hygiene in children and infants is favorable and knowledge is moderate. It is recommended to spend oral hygiene courses to raise knowledge.   Oral hygiene, Pregnancy, Childhood, Infancy, Prevention, knowledge, midwives, practice http://jiapd.ir/article-1-217-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Attitude of Kerman dental students towards electronic learning and related factors 21 32 FA M Karimiafshar Assistant professor Orthodontics department Dental school, Kerman Medical Sciences University, Kerman, Iran N M Karimigooghari Dentist, Dental school, Kerman Medical Sciences University, Kerman, Iran N M TorabiParizi21 Associate professor Pathology department, Dental school, Kerman Medical Sciences University, Kerman, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.21 Background:In recent years information, communication technology  and electronic learning  have been gain a big role in higher educational level.The aim of the present study was to assessment of Kerman dental students attitude about electronic learning. Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was carried on 307 dental students, who selected through census sampling method. Data were collected through demographic data,experience of e-learning  and  questionnaire consist of 15 question about attitude to electronic learning. Data analyzed in SPSS 21 soft-ware using T,ANOVA and linear regression tests. P-value considered at 0.05 significant level. Results:In the present study 57.0% were girls90.2% were familiar with computer more than 3 past years. 70.4% used computer over 3 hours in week. The most score was in using web explorer.Sixty nine  and four percent had positive attitude. There was not significant correlation between academic year, sex and attitude. There was significant correlation between familiar with computer, using internet, dental school hard ware quality  and attitude Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study about two third of students had positive attitude about electronic learning. Students’ experience about using web exploring was good. There was significant correlation between dental school hard ware quality  and attitude .   Electronic learning,web, computer,attitude, dental,students http://jiapd.ir/article-1-218-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Epidemiologic study of dental trauma in patients presenting to the dental clinic of School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018. 33 44 FA M Salehishahrabi Iran N S Mokhtari Iran N M Shahrabi Iran N A Heidari Iran N S Ghadimi Iran N Sh Mosharafian Iran N Z Hoseini Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.33 Background:Epidemiologic knowledge can signify the importance of prevention, diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the frequency of dental trauma, type of injury, type of treatment performed and time of admission of dental trauma patients presenting to the School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018.   Materials and methods: In this retrospective, descriptive study, pediatric dentistry postgraduate students evaluated the charts of patients admitted to the dental clinic of School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2018 due to dental trauma. Age and sex of patients, type of traumatized tooth, cause of injury, type of injury, time interval between the trauma and visit and type of treatment performed were all recorded. Descriptive data were reported as frequency and percentage. Different types of dental injuries were compared using SPSS version 22.   Results:Of 165 injured patients, 63.03% were males and 43.03% were between 8-9 years of age. The prevalence of trauma to the maxilla and mandible was 90.02% and 9.96%, respectively. The maxillary central incisors had the highest frequency of trauma (72.09%). Slips and falls were the most common causes of trauma (73.93%) while sport injuries were the least common (6.06%). In terms of type of trauma to the teeth, intrusion was the most common and crown and root fracture were the least common in primary dentition while tooth crown fracture was the most common and extrusion was the least common in permanent teeth. Of injured patients, 3.03% sought treatment in less than 4 hours and 6.66% between 6-12 months after injury. Treatments included simple tooth restoration (27.6%), splinting (11.6%), pulpectomy/root canal treatment (12%), pulp-capping (1.2%) and replantation (2%).   Conclusion:Traumatic injuries are common in children and adolescents. The current results showed that age and gender were among the predisposing factors to dental injuries. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly traumatized teeth. Tooth crown fracture was the most common injury in permanent teeth while intrusion was the most common injury in primary teeth. Slips and falls were the most common causes of dental trauma. Composite restoration was the most common and pulpectomy was the least common treatment. Patients mainly presented within 4 to 24 hours after injury. Those presenting 6-12 months later had the lowest frequency.   Epidemiology, Dental Trauma, Prevalence, Etiology, Treatment, Time of Admission http://jiapd.ir/article-1-219-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Evaluation of health care providers knowledge on importance of preventive orthodontic treatment Original Article 45 52 FA M Karandish Iran N H Pakshir Iran N Z Karimian Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.45 Background:Assessing the knowledge and performance of school health care providers as a means to protect the health of students and identifying barriers to the implementation of oral health programs and the awareness of school health care providers regarding the prevention of oral and dental illness to promote the health of students is important and It is necessary in this research to determine the awareness of health care providers about early orthodontic treatment in Shiraz. Materials and methods: In coordination with the Shiraz General Education Office, health care providers participated in this study. All health care elementary school students in Shiraz were sampled. 113 health care providers were willing to cooperate. Provides information on health care awareness in the field Oral and dental health and dental anomalies were questioned and analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test. Results:42.5% of health care providers had good knowledge and 53.1% had moderate knowledge and 4.4% had low knowledge. On the other hand, the level of education, age, work experience and the length of time from the last degree did not have any effect on the level of awareness of individuals. Conclusion:The level of awareness of health care providers in Shiraz, considering their important role of the importance of early orthodontic treatment, was low and there was a need for more courses by dentists with more supervision.   Health Care Providers, Orthodontics Preventive Orthodontics, School, Oral Health http://jiapd.ir/article-1-220-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Evaluation of oral health promotion interventions among 0 to 6 Years old children: Scoping review 53 70 FA R Yazdani Iran Y H Hesari Iran N F Bagherian Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.53 Background:Oral health is an important issue, because of its consequences on general health of children. Present study has been provisional to evaluate types and effectiveness of oral health promotion interventions on 0-6 years-old children. Materials and methods:A Scoping review was done, with search in PubMed, Google scholar, ProQuest, Biomed Central and also domestic data bases in SID, Magiran limited to English and Farsi language, from 2008-2018 using Farsi and English keywords; Oral health promotion, oral health program, oral health knowledge, infant, toddler, preschool children. Finally, present review was done based on 23 local and interventional studies in the field of oral health promotion of 0-6 years-old children. Results:Selected twenty-three studies were experimental and Quasi-experimental studies. Interventions were done as educational program with follow-up sessions, examinations and prevention dental services in the different periods of time. Researched variables were; knowledge, attitude, belief and behaviors in the field of oral health care and dental status. All the above mentioned outcome variables showed significant improvement among participants afterinterventions. Conclusion:According to the evaluation of the results of the interventions in Iran and other countries among 0-6 years-old children, oral health education to parents in short time had positive results on the oral and dental health of them. Also it has been shown that behavioral attentions, use of models and theories, can be considered as an effective method for promoting oral health status of 0-6 years-old children.   Oral health, oral health promotion, precautionary services, 0-6 years-old children, infant, toddler, preschool children http://jiapd.ir/article-1-221-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Dentin Dysplasia: ARare Case Report 71 78 FA A Heidari Iran N N Tavana Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.71 Introduction: Dentin Dysplasia is one of the rare hereditary diseases that the enamel is normal, but it also affects the dentin and  the shape of the tooth pulp. Due to the low prevalence of this disease, a case of dentin dysplasia with the classical and atypical dentin dysplasia type 1 is presented. Case presentation:A 11-year-old girl with the mobility of lower central teeth that has severe root defects in the periapical radiography, is introduced. Conclusion:Regarding the root defect only in the anterior mandibular teeth, it seems to be a regional  dentin dysplasia.   Dental developmental disorders, dentin dysplasia, dental root defects http://jiapd.ir/article-1-222-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 The effect of health promotion program on permanent dental health in elementary students 79 88 FA A Jafari Iran Y M MakvandGholipour Iran N R soheili Iran N S KhoramiyanTousi Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.79 Background: Considering the necessity of oral health as a part of public health, and the special importance of oral hygiene in school-age children and adolescents as one of the important factors affecting the quality of life, this study aimed to investigate the effect of health promotion program on permanent dental health in students. Primary schools of health promotion and traditional schools of Alborz province have been conducted.   Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, based on the sample size of permanent dental health status, 346, 12-year-old elementary school students in Karaj were evaluated based on DMFT index. Also, demographic data of students and parents were recorded to examine the relationship between indicators and health status. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi square and Independent T Student.   Results: The mean caries index was 2.89 in normal school students and 2.49 in health school students, which had no significant effect on the dental caries index of students. The effect of variables on caries index showed that gender, number of toothbrushes, dental visit had a significant effect on caries index, and debris and calculus indices had a significant direct effect on caries rate.   Conclusion: Due to the ineffectiveness of the oral health program in the health promoting school in Karaj, the oral health program for schools should be defined and implemented. Oral health, Oral health program, Health Promoting School, Caries Index http://jiapd.ir/article-1-253-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Determining the relationship between the type of insurance of 7-12 year old children and their dental health status in Tehran 89 98 FA B Seraj Iran N M Sohrabi Iran N H AkhavanMalayeri Iran N S Ghadimi Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.89 Background: Oral and dental problems are preventable with regular examinations. Among the barriers to utilizing health services, lack of financial resources is too important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the type of insurance of 7-12 year old children and their dental health status in Tehran.   Materials and methods: In this study 456 students were selected from 10 schools in 5 districts of Tehran. The study was conducted on 4 groups of health insurance: Medical services insurance fund (MSIF), social security insurance organization (SSIO), military insurance and supplemental insurance. At the first visit the questionnaires were given to the students and completed by the parents. At the next visit, the children were examined and dft (decayed, filled primary teeth) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled permanent teeth) indices were recorded. Then the relationship between insurance type and these indices were investigated using One-way ANOVA and Tukey.   Results: The d and f indices in the primary teeth were correlated with the type of insurance respectively p<0.001, p=0.003; but there was not significant relation between dft index and any of the insurance groups (p=0.582). F and DMFT indices in permanent teeth were correlated with type of insurance (p = 0.035 and p <0.001, respectively) but no significant difference was found between D index and insurance groups (p = 0.504). No significant difference was observed in the number of fissure sealants in the four insurance groups (p = 0.094) but in the number of SSCs there was a significant difference (p <0.001) and in the military insurance was more than the other three insurances.   Conclusion: Type of the insurances of primary school students in Tehran has impact on their dental health. Insurance, Oral and Dental Health, Children http://jiapd.ir/article-1-254-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Effect of Health Behaviors Education on Oral Health Improvement in Anxious Children in Sanandaj, 2018; a Pilot Study 99 108 FA R Soleimanzadeh Iran Y M Amjadian Iran N Sh Maleki Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.99 Background: This study investigated the effect of education on the shaping of oral health behaviors in children with high anxiety identified based on Spence Anxiety Scale.   Materials and methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on eighty children between 8 and 15 years old living in Welfare Organization affiliated centers in Sanandaj in 2018. Sampling was done by convenience method. Children's anxiety was assessed using Spence-Childhood Anxiety Scale. Fifty two children with high anxiety level were identified and they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Plaque index was measured in all anxious children both at the beginning of the study and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.   Results: The results showed that anxiety mean level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control one (p <0.05). The mean score of index plaque in the control group did not differ significantly from the experimental group before the intervention (p <0.05), but it was significantly higher in the control group after the intervention (p <0.05).   Conclusion: Health behavior training was effective on improving plaque index in short term, and general anxiety in children was not a barrier to accepting, shaping and modifying oral health behaviors. Anxiety, Education, Oral health, Dental Plaque Index http://jiapd.ir/article-1-255-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Use of preformed zirconia crowns for restoring maxillary grossly broken primary incisors with 24-months follow-ups 109 118 FA H Sarlak Iran N M Najafi Iran Y M Bayani Iran N Zahra Khosravi Assistant professor pediatric dentistry department, school of dentistry, hamedan university of medical science, hamedan, iran N Z Salimi Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.109 Introduction: With increasing demand on esthetics in children and their parents, the treatment of decayed primary anterior teeth is one of the biggest challenges in pediatric dentistry. Esthetic preformed zirconia crowns are the newest choice in treatment of the anterior as well as the posterior teeth. Case presentation: This paper reports a 3 years old boy with grossly decayed maxillary incisors which was planned to treat under general anesthesia. In this case, we used preformed zirconia crowns (NuSmile, Houston, TX, USA) to restore function and ideal esthetics in anterior teeth. The patient was followed for two years for function, gingival health and crown adaptation which were in good condition. The patient and their parents were completely satisfied with the crown appearance. Conclusion: The preformed zirconia crown is durable and well-favored choice to restore primary anterior teeth. decay, primary incisors, restoration, zirconia crowns http://jiapd.ir/article-1-256-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 14 2 2019 7 1 Double mesiodens concomitant with missing lateral incisors: a case report 119 128 FA N Solhjou Iran Y F Razmjouyi Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.119 Introduction: One of the extremely rare conditions is the simultaneous occurrence of both hypodontia and hyperdontia in the same individual, known as hypo-hyperdontia or the concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia (CHH). The prevalence of hypo-hyperdontia is estimated between 0.002% and 3.1%. The etiology of this unusual condition still remains undetermined. Case presentation: In the present case we report a patient with double mesiodens, coincide with missing primary and permanent lateral incisors. Conclusion: Both mesiodens were extracted to prevent its adverse effects on the permanent dentition.   Hypodontia, hyperdontia, hypo-hyperdontia, mesiodens http://jiapd.ir/article-1-257-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf