Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Mother’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Oral Health 1 8 FA A Jafari Research Center for Caries Prevention (RCCP), Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N P Gaeeni Research Center for Caries Prevention (RCCP), Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N M Falahi Research Center for Caries Prevention (RCCP), Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N B Pirouz hashemi Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran N M Zangouyi Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran N J Kouhpayehzadeh Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.1 Background: Children learn oral hygiene from their parents. We conducted a study on parent’s knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health in Saveh City, in primary schools.   Materials and methods: In this study, a standard questionnaire was used to evaluate mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice of on oral health. Mothers of 735 students in 16 primary schools (randomly selected) in Saveh were participated. Mother's knowledge, attitude and practice level were measured by 11, 9 and 5 questions with 36, 36 and 20 scores respectively. Chi-Square tests and ANOVA were used to analysis data.   Results: The results showed that mothers had a mean scores of 19.29 (± 0.214), 23.52(±0.142) and 10.69 (69 0.119), in knowledge, attitude and practice respectively. There was a significant and direct relationship between knowledge and attitude, and also between knowledge and behavior levels (P<0.001). About 80% of the mothers brushed once or twice a day, and 90% of mothers used fluoride toothpaste. Daily use of dental floss was very low. About two-thirds of mothers only went to dental offices if they had problems. There was a significant and direct relationship between mother's education with their knowledge, attitude and performance (P<0.001). There was no relationship between mother's age and gender of students with their knowledge, attitude and performance levels.   Conclusion: It is necessary to improve information of mothers, especially who are less educated to get better oral health behavior by information brochures, holding training classes and free dental examination services. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Oral Health, Student http://jiapd.ir/article-1-231-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 The Effect of Factors Affecting Oral Health in Elementary Students 9 16 FA Gh Najafi Department of Periodontics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N S Jamilpanah Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N M Makvand Gholipour Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N R Soheili Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N S Khoramiantousi Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.9 Background: The formation of beliefs about oral hygiene begins at school age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some factors affecting oral health in primary school children in Karaj City, Iran.   Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, the oral health status of 346 12-year-old elementary school students was investigated. Demographic data of parents and students were recorded to evaluate the variables. Students 'mouths were examined for debris and calculus and tooth decay, and students' oral hygiene indexes were classified into three groups of good (0-1.17), moderate (3-1.18) and poor (more than 3). The data were analyzed using Chi square test and linear regression and SPSS software.   Results: Findings showed that oral health index was 1.29 while, 83% of it was debris, and about half of the students had good oral health index. Oral health behaviors, including brushing frequency, dental visit and use dental floss had a statistically significant relationship with oral hygiene index. Students with higher weight had better oral health status. The type of school, educational status, and gender had no effect on this index.   Conclusion: The focus on oral health instruction should be strengthened in all schools, especially health promotion schools.   Oral hygiene index, oral health program, health promoting school http://jiapd.ir/article-1-232-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Designing the questionnaire to evaluate mother’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about oral health 17 28 FA H Hesari Research Center for Caries Prevention (RCCP), Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N P Gaeeni Research Center for Caries Prevention (RCCP), Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N R Soheili Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N A Jafari Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.17 Background: Parental knowledge about oral health is the first step in oral health education interventions. It is necessary to have a standard questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to design a standard questionnaire to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitude and practice.   Materials and methods: In this study, the expected areas were identified by pediatric dental and oral health professionals. Then the questions related to each area were identified. After determining the face validity, a questionnaire was designed and expert opinions of pediatric dentists (n = 10) and subjects (n = 20 mothers) were used. To determine the content validity, the questionnaires were reviewed by experts and their transparency, simplicity, relevance and suitability were determined. The final questionnaire was completed by 47 mothers and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability of the tool. The agreement and the amount of kappa statistic for each question were determined and reported.   Results: The questionnaire of mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice has questions with sufficient content validity. The final questionnaire has 35 questions including 11 knowledge questions, 9 attitude questions, 6 practice questions. It also contains 9 questions about demographic characteristics. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.813 in assessing the mothers' reliability of the questionnaire.   Conclusion: Given the use of standard techniques for designing research tools and their results on validity and reliability indices, it seemed that this designed questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable tool for determining parents' knowledge, attitude and practice in oral health     Knowledge Assessment, Attitude, Oral Health Behavior, Mothers,Questionnaire, Validity, Reliability http://jiapd.ir/article-1-233-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Evaluation of dentistry fear in 3-8 years old children referred to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd 29 40 FA M Ghandharimotlagh Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran N F Fotouhi Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran N B Ghandharimotlagh Lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y H Jouya Student of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.29 Background: Fear of dentistry known as a key factor in preventing children from referring to the dentist even delaying or cancelling dental appointments. In this regard the aim of this study was to identify the fear of dental dentistry in 3-8 years old children referring to pediatric dentistry department of Shahid Sadoughi dental school of Yazd and to compare the two aged groups in 2015-2016.   Materials and methods: In this study, 158 children aged 3–8 years referred to pediatric dentistry were selected and Questionnaire (CFSS-DS) was used to assess fear and anxiety and Frankel was used to assess child behavior. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-test   Results: The study was conducted on 158 children. Of these children, 124 (78.5%) ranged in age from 3 to 6 years and 34 (21.5%) ranged in age from 6 to 8 years, 92 (58%) boys and 66 (42%) girls and 112 (71%) had dental treatment history and 45 (29%) had no dental treatment history. The mean CFSS-DS scale score in the children under study was 45.60±10.55with a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 66 and the mean of the Frankel scale was 2.71±1.65with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 4.Results showed a significant correlation between CFSS-DS score and Frankel scale score with age variable (significant negative correlation with CFSS-DS (r=-0.334, p=0.000) and significant positive correlation with Frankel (r=0.258, p=0.001)).   Conclusion: It seems that dental treatment in 3-8 year old children is associated with fear and stress and children's attitude towards dental practice is neutral (between positive and negative) and increasing age is the only factor affecting them. Reduce children's fear and stress and make their attitudes positive.   Fear, Dentistry, Children. http://jiapd.ir/article-1-234-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of senior dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences regarding oral health care in pregnant women 41 54 FA M Zabihi yeganeh Iran N S Mohebbi Iran N K Sargeran Iran N S Razeghi Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.41 Background: Hormonal changes and oral microflora alteration put pregnant women in higher risk for oral health problems which may lead to dangerous situations for both mother and her fetus. Studies have shown that dentist’s knowledge, and provision of services regarding pregnant women’ oral health are in an unacceptable level. There for, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences on oral health care in pregnant women.   Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all senior dental students (n=109), were asked to participate by census. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of questions on background information, knowledge, and attitude towards oral health care in pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data; linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.   Results: Totally, 82 completed questionnaires were collected (response rate=75%). The mean score of knowledge, and attitude were (15.83±2.80) (out of 30), and 49.90±3.63 (out of 70), respectively. There was no statistical relationship between knowledge score and background characteristics. Attitude score had a significant relationship with studying campus (p=0.004, B=2.75). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant relationship between knowledge, and attitude scores.   Conclusion: The results of the study showed that knowledge and attitude of students on oral health care in pregnant women is moderate. Promoting and updating educational content in some areas of knowledge along with efforts to improve the attitude of dental students should be considered.   pregnant women, oral health, dental students, knowledge, attitude. http://jiapd.ir/article-1-235-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Attitude and practice of dental students about preventive and therapeutic management 55 62 FA D Alinejad Iran N A Gerami Iran N A Jafari Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.55 Background: Some diseases are caused by a single factor and others, including dental caries, are caused by different behavioral, biological and socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude and practice of dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences about caries risk assessment in children.   Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences who received practical pediatric dentistry in the second semester of the academic year 1397-98. Non-random sampling and samples They were included in the census. A standardized questionnaire was used for the study. The prospectus was translated and distributed to face validity among 9 professors and 14 senior dental students who had completed their children's dental course and were graduating. After the translation was approved, the main part of the research began with a call from students who had a practical pediatric dentistry unit. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were entered into Excel software and analyzed using SPSS software version 25/0. To investigate the effect of demographic and contextual variables Knowledge, attitude and practice were analyzed using linear regression model.   Results: The total number of participants was 58 (31.5%) were female and 27 (46.5%) were male. The mean performance score of students (2.25%) was 22.38 out of 32 possible. The mean score of students' attitude was 18.76 (/ 1.83) out of 30.   Conclusion: Student's performance in preventive recommendations and treatment of caries was acceptable, although some training was needed on the administration of products such as xylitol and amorphous calcium phosphate and sodium fluoride gel and antibacterial agents.   Caries, Caries Risk Assessment, Attitude, Prevention, Practice http://jiapd.ir/article-1-236-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Regeneration (Revascularization) of Immature Permanent First Molar Tooth: A Case Report 63 68 FA N Mhammadi Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran N Y Ghahremani Department of Endodontics, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran N D Ghafaripour Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.63 Introduction: Dental pulp health is very important during permanent dental root completion that takes place in the first three years after eruption. Any injury to the dental pulp during endodontic treatment or physical trauma causes disruption in the improvement of root formation. In this case it had been searched for a conservative treatment of permanent immature teeth. Case presentation: The patient was a 9 years old boy with severe carries of immature teeth number 36. The pulp was exposed and does not respond to any heat or electric test that shows pulp necrosis. Apexification treatment was done with applying intracanal medicament. Conclusion: If an appropriate treatment is selected for immature necrotic teeth, root formation can be followed.   regeneration, revascularization, molar http://jiapd.ir/article-1-237-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Functional and esthetic rehabilitation for a preschooler child using modified Groper\'s appliance: a clinical case report 69 76 FA N Afzalibaghdad abadi Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran N N Mohammadi Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran N A Rafiee Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.69 Introduction: Premature loss of primary teeth affects child's nutrition, sleep, growth, and self-confidence. Besides, it can cause undesirable movement of the primary or permanent teeth. Case presentation: This paper reports a 5.5-year old boy presenting with severe-early childhood caries, who had suffered from early extraction of some primary teeth as well as several other dental problems. After thorough clinical and radiographic evaluations, the treatment plan consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the focus of the treatment was on oral hygiene instruction, fluoride therapy, restorative procedures, pulp treatments, and extraction of non-restorable teeth. In the second phase, space management strategies were considered. Conclusion: We designed a new modification of Groper's appliance to serve as space regainer and space maintainer, simultaneously. By replacing the extracted primary anterior teeth, both the parents and the patient were satisfied with the results.   Aesthetics, Rehabilitation, Deciduous Tooth, Orthodontic Space Maintenances. http://jiapd.ir/article-1-238-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 The effect of Dentin Bonding Agent on the Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Induced by CEM cement 77 84 FA F Ayatollahi Iran N A Daneshkazemi Iran N M Tabrizizadeh iran N S Mohamadpour Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.77 Background: considering to importance of esthetic in dentistry and possibility of tooth discoloration due to using of different biomaterials; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Dentin Bonding Agent on the Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Induced by CEM cement.   Materials and methods: to do his analytical and exprimental study, 60 extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into three groups: CEM without DBA, CEM + DBA cement, and control group and the realated material placed into pulp chamber in each group. Then, the color of the teeth was evaluated before placing the CEM (T0) cement, after contact (T1), after 1 day (T2), 7 days (T3) and 30 days (T4), and the amount of discoloration was calculated and it is registered. Finally, all data analyzed using T-Test  and Repeated Measure test   Results: The results of this study showed that the cement group DBA + CEM was significantly less than the CEM group at all times (immediately after placement of CEM cement, one day, 7 days later and 30 days later) There are no significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the control group with DBA + CEM cement, as well as between CEM control and cement (p-value <0.05).   Conclusion: This study showed although placing dental bonding agents could reduce tooth discoloration due to cement cement, but does not prevent color discoloration.     Color, Dentin Bonding Agent, Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM cement) http://jiapd.ir/article-1-261-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Invitro investigation of tooth discoloration induced by CEM cement in three media and different time intervals 85 92 FA F Ayatollahi Iran N A Daneshkazemi Iran N M Tabrizizadeh Iran N E Shirgholami Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.85 Background: Beauty is considered as one of the most important aspects of dentistry both by the dentist and patient. The use of some dental materials can result in a change of tooth color hence dissatisfaction of the patient. The aim of present study was an invitro investigation of tooth discoloration induced by CEM cement in three media and different time intervals.   Materials and methods: T the crown of forty extracted maxillary central incisors were sectioned  from the coronal part of the root and one millimeter below CEJ in their buccal surface. Access cavity was prepared and pulp chamber content was emptied. Then, a cavity was mede in the middle third of the interior wall of pulp chamber buccal surface using fissure bur. The teeth were assigned to three experimental groups with blood, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, normal saline media  and one control group. The experimental group teeth were respectively smeared with fresh human blood, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline. Then, their residues were aspirated so that a clear vision could be obtained to the walls stained with the solutions mentioned above. Next, the cavities created in the buccal surface of the pulp chamber were filled with CEM cement in all of the experimental groups and the control group teeth were left empty. After the complete set of CEM cement, the access cavity and the root ending part of the teeth were sealed using resin-modified glass inomers (RMGI). The teeth colors were investigated and recorded before CEM cement placement (T0), immediately after placement (T1) as well as after one day (T2), seven days (T3) and thirty days (T4). The data were finally analyzed using SPSS 17 software and Kruskal-Wallis and repeated measure tests.   Results: the highest and lowest tooth discoloration were respectively pertained to the blood and sodium hypochlorite groups. The highest discoloration were found occurred in experimental and control groups respectively one and seven days after cement placement. The lowest color change was evidenced respectively one day and 30 days after cement placement in the blood group and the other groups (table 1).   Conclusion: blood and sodium hypochlorite contact with CEM cement causes a tooth discoloration and this cement has to be utilized on crown after establishing perfect hemostasis and dryness.      Blood, CEM cement, Sodium hypochlorite http://jiapd.ir/article-1-262-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Comparison of the antibacterial effect of nanosilver and chlorhexidine mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans (invitro) 93 102 FA Maryam Rabani Dental student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran N Parissa Aref Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Y Nahid Askarizadeh Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran N Iraj Ashrafitamay Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.93 Background: Many bacteria are involved in dental plaque formation and caries. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important bacteria involved in this case. One of the ways to control plaque is the use of mouthwash on the side of toothbrushes and toothbrushes. Although chlorhexidine is the most effective mouthwash against oral microorganisms, the side effects of long-term use suggest the need for an alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of nanosilver and chlorhexidine mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans in pediatric ward of Dental School of Islamic Azad University of Tehran and Laboratory of Veterinary School of Tehran University in 1397-1398.   Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed in vitro on Streptococcus mutans. Experiments were performed on two groups of case (nanosilver mouthwash) and control (chlorhexidine mouthwash) in three parts. Antimicrobial potency was measured by Disk diffusion assay by measuring inhibitory zone diameter. Then both micro and macro dilution methods were used to measure MIC (Minimum bacterial growth Inhibitor Concentration) and finally for measure MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) using Blood agar dilution method.   Results: Statistical analysis showed that the nanosilver mouthwash has no inhibitory zone and MBC. Also its MIC was higher than chlorhexine and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.001).   Conclusion: According to the results of the in vitro study of nanosilver mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine, it has minor bacteriostatic properties and no bactericidal effect. It is recommended to repeat this study by changing the mouthwash formulation in terms of particle concentration and diameter.       Chlorhexidine, Nanosilver, Inhibitory zone, MIC, MBC, Streptococcus mutans http://jiapd.ir/article-1-263-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Comparison of the flexibility of two different stainless steel crowns (3M and MIB) while seating on primary molars 103 110 FA Sh Mosharafian Assistant Professor, Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y H Afshar Associate Professor, Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N S Kazemi Dentist, Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N N Abazarian Postgraduate student of Pediatric Dentistry, Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.103 Background: One of the most important restorative methods in pediatric dentistry is the use of stainless steel crowns(ssc). Evaluation of the flexibility of existing crownsand whether the crowns that have more crimping ability are necessarily more flexible, was the basis of the present research.   Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 13 extracted intact maxillary second molars were mounted 1 mm lower than the CEJ and the appropriate crown size was selected from the 3M and MIB brands. Preparation of the teeth for ssc was performed by a pediatric dentist. Sufficient seating and retention of the crowns were evaluated. The photographs of crown margins were taken by a digital camera and crown circumference measured with the Auto Cad software. Then, the ZWICK machine measured the force required to place each of the crowns on the tooth. Using the proportionality between the measured force and the circumference of the margin of each crown, the level of force equilibrated in each crown was obtained and compared.   Results: In 8 cases, the force applied to the crown and force to environment ratio in the case of 3M was higher than the MIB, and in 5 cases, 3M was less than the MIB. P-Value of difference of force to environment ratio, force difference and environmental difference between the two types of MIB and 3M crowns were calculated 0.113, 0.111 and 0.728, respectively, which were not statistically significant.   Conclusion: thecrowns that have more crimping ability are not necessarily more flexibleand the preparation is not different for the 3M and MIB crowns.     stainless steel crown, MIB, 3M, primary molars http://jiapd.ir/article-1-264-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 1735-8434 15 1 2019 10 1 Premature Eruption and Taurodontism of a Mandibular First Premolar Tooth due to Trauma: A Case Report 111 118 FA Sh Milani Iran N Z Hosseinipour Iran N Z Hosseini Iran Y 10.29252/ijpd.15.1.111 Introduction: Traumatic injuries to deciduous teeth may result in injuries to the succedaneous permanent teeth due to the close proximity between the apex of the deciduous teeth and the permanent tooth bud. Case presentation: The aim of this case report is to present a case of premature eruption and taurodontism of a mandibular permanent premolar tooth subsequent to the extraction of the mandibular deciduous firs molar tooth due to trauma. Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence rate of trauma in very young children, it is important to gain knowledge about the late complications of traumatic injuries.     Dental trauma, taurodontism, tooth eruption http://jiapd.ir/article-1-265-en.html http://jiapd.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf