Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Evaluation of effectiveness of educational pamphlet on mother’s awareness about first dental visit in 3-7 year-old children 7 16 FA m ghandehari Iran seyed jalal pourhashemi Iran f baghayi Iran sara ghadimi Iran Background and aim: Dental fear and anxiety is a common problem in pediatric dentistry. In many cases parents transmit their anxiety to the children who referred to dentistry for the first time and make them disturbed and more anxious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pamphlet on mother’s awareness about first dental visit in 3-7 year-old children. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 mothers who have 3-7 year old child undergoing dental treatment for the first time. The participants were divided into two interventional and control group randomly. Mother`s knowledge about first dental visit, before and after receiving the pamphlet was evaluated by a questionnaire. Results: There was significant difference in mother`s awareness before and after receiving the pamphlet in interventional group (p-value <0.05) however in control group there was not any significant difference in mother`s awareness (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Due to effectiveness of the pamphlet, it could be a practical way in enhancing of mother`s awareness about first dental visit.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 ‌‌‌‌A comparative study of a commercial syrup and oral administration of injectable midazolam in pediatric dental sedation 17 28 FA katayon salem Iran shaghayegh kamranzadeh Iran shahnaz shaeghi Iran Iran Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of "midazolam syrup" versus "orally administered IV midazolam (PO midazolam)" among uncooperative dental patients. Second outcome was to assess the prevalence as well as the impact of General anxiety and Dental fear on sedation success. Method: Eighty eight uncooperative dental patients ( Frankl Scales 1,2) aged 3 to 6 years, and ASA I were participated in this double blind, parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. Physiologic parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure were recorded. Behavior assessment was conducted throughout the course of treatment by Houpt Scale and at critical moments of treatment (injection and cavity preparation) by North Carolina Scale. General anxiety, dental fear and personality characteristics were evaluated by the means of Child Dental Fear (CFSS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Conners’ questionnaires. Independent T-test and Chi-Square, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Findings: Acceptable behavior was observed in 90.9% of syrup groups and 86.4% of PO group revealed acceptable behavior by Houpt scale (P=0.51). The ratings of sleep, crying and movement domains were not significantly different between groups. Physiological parameters remained in normal range without any significant difference between groups and no adverse effect was observed. No significant relationship was found between behavior after receiving midazolam sedation and personality aspects including: dental fear, general anxiety, and gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: PO midazolam formulation can be used as an acceptable alternative for midazolam syrup.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Prevalence of Permanent Dental Anomalies among Patient 29 36 FA y nakhjavani Iran a jafari Iran h arabkhani Iran Background and Aim: Developmental dental anomalies (DDA) are common problem among children which affect on arch length, dental aligning, and occlusion. These developmental abnormalities reason to dental, jaw and aesthetic disorders. They also provide some difficulties in orthodontic treatment. Dental visit and clinical observation are not sufficient to diagnose the DDA and needs to have radiographs as a major diagnostic factor in an on time diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate of prevalence of DDA in permanent dentition based on panoramic radiographs in both gender. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional and descriptive-analytic study. Patients’ documents that were under orthodontic treatment in the School of Dentistry, Tehran university of Medical Sciences in one educational year were gathered. Of 409 documents, 331 complete documents were selected for the study. Data was transferred to check list and then to SPSS software. Data was analyzed by Kruskal wallis and chi-square with the level of significance less than 0.05. Results: Data analyzing showed that 2% of boys and 1.3% of girls had DDA. The difference between gender was nit significant. Congenital missing and impaction were the most DDA in girls and boys respectively wile transposition and fusion were not observed. Conclusion: Developmental dental anomalies have no significant differences between two genders. They are more prevalent in orthodontic patients and depend on race and geographic places.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Decay rates and retention of fissure sealant of first permanent molar at 6-9 year's old children in Isfahan 37 42 FA maryam haj norouzi Iran mina shah tousi Iran ahmad etemadi Iran Background and Aims: The prevalence of occlusal caries in children is a significant dental health problem. The increased proportion of caries experience attributed to pit and fissure caries is most likely due to the decreasing prevalence of caries with inter proximal surfaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of fissure sealant material in the reduction of decay in first permanent molars and consideration of retention rate in different periods. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 30 children aged 6-9 that have two intact first molar selected. One tooth has chosen as a control tooth and the other teeth selected for fissure sealant. After 6 and 12 months the sealant retention and caries rate evaluated. The sealant material used for this study was Deguseal. Moisture control during placement was obtaining using ruberdam. Results: After 6 months %20 of control teeth was decayed only 3/3% of sealant teeth decayed. After 12 months 26/6% control teeth was decayed but only 6/6% control teeth was decayed (p value<0.001). After months 93/3% completely retained fissure sealant 6/7% partially retained and after 12 months 90% completely retained and 10% partially retained (p value<0.001). Conclusion: Fissure sealants, placed by appropriately trained dental personnel, are safe, effective, and underused in preventing pit and fissure caries on at-risk surfaces-Effectiveness is increased with good technique and appropriate fallow up and resealing as necessary.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Frequency of snack consumption in preschool children 43 50 FA molouk torabi Iran shahram moshrefian Iran Iran davoud molayi Iran sanali karimi afshar Iran raziyeh shojayipour Iran Background and Aim: Healthy nutrition plays a pivotal role in prevention of such oral diseases as dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental defects of teeth, and oral mucosal lesions. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of snacks consumption in Kerman preschool children. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 320 preschool children. Data were collected by a questionnaire requesting information on demographic data and by a check list of kinds of snacks in preschool center and home. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, and t-student and Chi-square tests served for statistical analyses. P value were considered at 0.05%. Results: About 59% of the participants were boys 3.1% of mothers and 4.1% of fathers were illiterate and 21.3% of parents had 1 child and 0.0 3% had 6 children. The mean frequency of snack consumption was 15.32±14.93 during a week. There was significant difference between snack consumption in home and preschool center. There was no significant correlation between snack consumption and parents education , occupation and number of children. There was also significant difference between frequency of snack consumption and sex. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that consumption of snacks in preschool children in Kerman is high, and are influenced by site and sex.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 The effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resin using Single bond in total etch technique 51 58 FA m ranjpour Iran t houshmand Iran sh mirzabeigi Iran Background and Aim: Tooth colored restorations are so common nowadays due to increased esthetic needs. A successful composite restoration demands a strong bonding with lowest microleakage. Close relation between tooth surface and the other adherents is an important factor in bond strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resins using Single bond in total etch technique. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups. Enamel surface of the teeth were polished using a disk in midbuccal portion. The roots were dissected from 2mm below CEJ and midbuccal portion of the teeth were etched. In one group after rinsing the etchant, tooth surface was dried completely (group I). In the other group the surface moisture was removed using cotton pellet (group II). Single Bond (3M) was applied on desired surfaces and cured. Composite resin was layered over the tooth surface to 4mm height. The teeth were then mounted in the way that they can be placed in the holding device from lingual side. After that the teeth were placed in UTM device under tensile stress with the rate of 0.5 mm/min. the failure surface was examined to detect type and location of the failure. The data were analyzed using T-Test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: Data showed that although mean bond strength in group I was higher but the difference was not statistically significant. Type of failure in two groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusion: Considering that there is no significant difference between the two groups and a little moisture is needed for creation of hybrid layer and bonding to dentine, leaving a bit moisture on enamel equal to that of dentine does not interfere with bonding to enamel and produce a good bond strength.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 The effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resin using Single bond in total etch technique 59 68 FA h afshar Iran m ghandehari Iran s amiri Iran z mirzayi Iran m pourali Iran m najafi Iran Background and Aim: Tooth colored restorations are so common nowadays due to increased esthetic needs. A successful composite restoration demands a strong bonding with lowest microleakage. Close relation between tooth surface and the other adherents is an important factor in bond strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of enamel moisture on tensile bond strength of composite resins using Single bond in total etch technique. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups. Enamel surface of the teeth were polished using a disk in midbuccal portion. The roots were dissected from 2mm below CEJ and midbuccal portion of the teeth were etched. In one group after rinsing the etchant, tooth surface was dried completely (group I). In the other group the surface moisture was removed using cotton pellet (group II). Single Bond (3M) was applied on desired surfaces and cured. Composite resin was layered over the tooth surface to 4mm height. The teeth were then mounted in the way that they can be placed in the holding device from lingual side. After that the teeth were placed in UTM device under tensile stress with the rate of 0.5 mm/min. the failure surface was examined to detect type and location of the failure. The data were analyzed using T-Test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: Data showed that although mean bond strength in group I was higher but the difference was not statistically significant. Type of failure in two groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusion: Considering that there is no significant difference between the two groups and a little moisture is needed for creation of hybrid layer and bonding to dentine, leaving a bit moisture on enamel equal to that of dentine does not interfere with bonding to enamel and produce a good bond strength.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Mothers’ knowledge and self-reported practice on management of traumatic dental injuries in 8-years-old children and it determinants 69 76 FA s razeghi Iran s mohebi Iran m mahmoudi Iran Background and Aim: Facial trauma may have significant negative impacts on physiologic function, esthetics, and psychological status in children. Appropriate on-time management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) would prevent progress of future consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate mothers’ knowledge and self-reported practice on management TDIs in 8-years-old children and its determinants. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 284 second-grade pupils were selected from six randomly selected governmental primary schools (3 girls’ school) in Region 11 of Tehran Municipality. A standard anonymous questionnaire was distributed among selected pupils to be filled by their mothers. The questionnaire requested information on demographic characteristics, previous experience of dental trauma, mothers’ knowledge on management of TDIs, and mothers’ self-reported reaction to four designed cases of TDIs. After one week all filled questionnaires were returned and data was analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and Regression Tests. Results: Totally, 201 questionnaires were returned (81 girls, 120 boys, response rate=71%). Knowledge mean score was 2.8±1.7 (from total score of 9) and self-reported practice mean score was 4.1±1.2 (from total score of 7). Higher knowledge score was significantly associated with higher paternal age and owning personal house. Higher self-reported practice score was associated with higher levels of mothers’ level of education and owning personal house. Conclusion: There is a room to enhance knowledge and promote practice in management of TDIs among parents specially mothers. For this purpose, educational programs should be conducted for parents especially in school settings.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 77 86 FA b nazemi Iran f rezazadeh Iran a beizieh Iran

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Salivary Gland Tumors in Children 87 94 FA saeedeh mokhtari Iran sepideh mokhtari Iran b seraj Iran i sanati Iran Background: Salivary gland tumors are rare and less than 10% of head and neck tumors in children. Understanding these tumors is essential. The purpose of this study was to review the most common salivary gland tumors in children. Methods: Using words: tumor, salivary glands and children as keywords, a search was done in Pubmed and Medline and Google sources. Thirty seven articles were selected and studied. Results: Salivary gland tumors are divided into two groups: Benign and malignant. The most common malignant tumors in children are mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common one and is about 50% of all malignant salivary gland tumors in children. Some benign salivary gland tumors in children and adolescents are poleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Wartin tumor, cyst adenoma. Conclusion: Common problem in the control and treatment of salivary glands’ swelling in children is differentiation of inflammatory lesions of the neoplasm. As infection and inflammation in the salivary glands is more common in children than adults, differentiating it from neoplasm in children seems to be essential.

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 95 100 FA s majzoubi Iran p aref Iran m azarshab Iran i sadra Iran

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1735-8434 10 1 2014 10 1 Management of inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar teeth by using calcium enriched mixture cement: A case report 101 106 FA s kameli Iran rahimian emam Iran s tavasoli hojati Iran s asgari Iran Background and aim: Inflammatory root resorption is one of the major complete in primary teeth that lead to root perforation . the aim of this report, Management of inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar teeth by using calcium enriched mixture cement. Case report: In This study was done on primary molar tooth of two children that was referred to pedodontic department of shahed university. In this cases radiographic examination showed progressive inflammatory internal root resorption in primary molar. Both teeth were irrigated with 2.5% NaoCl and Calcium Enriched Mixture(CEM) packed in perforation then restored with S.S.C. the clinical and radiographic examination at 2 and 6 month follow up showed that resorptive lacuna were filled with newly formed bone and root make in internal resorption or was controlled. Conclusion: Considering the biologic properties of CEM cement using this novel cement for management of internal resorption is applicable choice.