1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Impairments, disabilities and handicaps, a manual of classification relating to the consequence of disease. Revised ed. Geneva:2011.
2. World Health Organization. The global burden of disease. 2008.
3. World Health Organization. World report on disability. 2011:Technical Appendix A.
4. Iran Statics Center. Available on: http://iran.unfpa.org/Documents/Census2011/census-90-results%283%29.pdf.
5. Sabbagh-Haddad A, Gare RO. Mental disability. In Sabbagh-Haddad, A. (ed.), Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs. Sa˜o Paulo. 2007:pp. 145-61.
6. van Schrojenstein Lantman-de HMJ, Walsh PN. Managing health problems in people with intellectual disabilities. Bmj. 2008;337:a2507. [
DOI:10.1136/bmj.a2507]
7. Ketelaar M, Gorter JW, Westers P, Hanna S, Verhoef M. Developmental trajectories of mobility and self-care capabilities in young children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr. 2014;164(4):769-74. e2.
8. Kruijsen-Terpstra AJ, Ketelaar M, Verschuren O, Smits DW, Jongmans MJ, Gorter JW. Determinants of developmental gain in daily activities in young children with cerebral palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2015;35(3):265-79. [
DOI:10.3109/01942638.2014.957429]
9. Stiefel DJ, Truelove EL, Persson RS, Chin MM, Mandel LS. A comparison of oral health in spinal cord injury and other disability groups. Spec Care Dent. 1993;13(6):229-35. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1993.tb01473.x]
10. Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Boston: Mosby. 2011.
11. Stiefel DJ. Dental care considerations for disabled adults. Spec Care Dent. 2002;22(3 Suppl):26S-39S.
12. Christensen GJ. Special oral hygiene and preventive care for special needs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136(8):1141-3. [
DOI:10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0319]
13. Desai SS. Down syndrome: a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84(3):279-85. [
DOI:10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90343-7]
14. Pilcher E. Dental care for the patient with Down syndrome. Downs Syndr Res Pract. 1998;5(3):111-6. [
DOI:10.3104/reviews.84]
15. Hennequin M, Faulks D, Veyrune JL, Bourdiol P. Significance of oral health in persons with Down syndrome: a literature review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41(04):275-83. [
DOI:10.1017/S0012162299000596]
16. Gabre P, Gahnberg L. Dental health status of mentally retarded adults with various living arrangements. Spec Care Dent. 1994;14(5):203-7. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1994.tb01132.x]
17. Santos MTBR, Nogueira MLG. Infantile reflexes and their effects on dental caries and oral hygiene in cerebral palsy individuals. J Oral Rehabil. 2005;32(12):880-5. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01518.x]
18. da Rocha Dourado M, Andrade PMO, Ramos-Jorge ML, Moreira RN, Oliveira-Ferreira F. Association between executive/attentional functions and caries in children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(9):2493-9. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.003]
19. Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):212-7. [
DOI:10.1590/S1678-77572011000300006]
20. Tabatabaii M, Nouraii M, Parsapour P. DMFT evaluation of mentally disabled adults aged 14-20 living in Tehran's North on 1380-1381. Islamic Soc Dent. 34: 1383.
21. Desai M, Messer LB, Calache H. A study of the dental treatment needs of children with disabilities in Melbourne, Australia. Aust Dent J. 2001;46(1):41-50. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2001.tb00273.x]
22. Lancashire P, Janzen J, Zach GA, Addy M. The oral hygiene and gingival health of paraplegic inpatients‐a cross‐sectional survey. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(3):198-200. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00491.x]
23. Scott A, March L, Stokes ML. A survey of oral health in a population of adults with developmental disabilities: comparison with a national oral health survey of the general population. Australian dental journal. 1998;43(4):257-61. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1998.tb00174.x]
24. Smith DS. Health care management of adults with Down syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2001;64(6):1031-44.
25. Roizen NJ, Patterson D. Down Syndrome. Lancet. 2003;361(9365):1281-9. [
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12987-X]
26. Angelillo IF, Nobile CGA, Pavia M, Fazio P, Puca M, Amati A. Dental health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric patients inItaly. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995;23(6):360-4. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00263.x]
27. Jain M, Mathur A, Kumar S, Dagli RJ, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Dentition status and treatment needs among children with impaired hearing attending a special school for the deaf and mute in Udaipur, India. J Oral Sci. 2008;50(2):161-5. [
DOI:10.2334/josnusd.50.161]
28. Oredugba F. Oral health condition and treatment needs of a group of Nigerian individuals with Down syndrome. Downs Syndr Res Pract. 2007;12(1):72-6. [
DOI:10.3104/reports.2022]
29. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Oral Condition in Children with Special Needs: A Guide for Health Care Providers. Available on http://wwwnidcrnihgov/OralHealth/OralHealthInformation/ChildrensOralHealth/OralCondistionsChildrenSpecialNeedshtm.
30. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Practical Oral Care for People with Down Syndrome. . Available on http://wwwnidcrnihgov/OralHealth/Topics/DevelpmentalDisabilities/PracticalOralCarePeopleDownSyndromehtm.
31. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Practical Oral Care for People with Intellectual Disability. Available on: http://wwwnidcrnihgov/OralHealth/Topics/ DevelpmentalDisabilities/PracticalOralCarePeopleIntellectualDisablityhtm.
32. Ameer N, Palaparthi R, Neerudu M, Palakuru SK, Singam HR, Durvasula S. Oral hygiene and periodontal status of teenagers with special needs in the. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16(3):421-5. [
DOI:10.4103/0972-124X.100923]
33. Shyama M, Honkala E, Honkala S, Al-Mutawa SA. Effect of xylitol candies on plaque and gingival indices in physically disabled. J Clin Dent. 2006;17(1):17-21.
34. Bhardwaj VK, Sharma KR, Luthra RP, Jhingta P, Sharma D, Justa A. Impact of school-based oral health education program on oral health of 12 and 15. J Educ Health Promot. 2013;2(33):2277-9531.
35. Lewis C, Robertson AS, Phelps S. Unmet dental care needs among children with special health care needs: implications for the medical home. Pediatrics. 2005 Sep 1;116(3):e426-31. [
DOI:10.1542/peds.2005-0390]